Abstract:

Social modernization is a core component of national modernization. The progress of promoting social modernization in China can be divided into three stages: the exploration stage, rapid development stage, and steady improvement stage. Chinese-style social modernization exhibits five major characteristics: it is rooted in a massive population base, guided by the goal of achieving shared prosperity for all, seeking the unity of economic development and social progress under resource constraints, and advocating for cultural cooperation and win-win development for humanity and peace. Building on the universal characteristics of social modernization evolution, a five-dimensional evaluation index system for social modernization has been proposed. These dimensions encompass technological and educational modernization, health and wellness modernization, cultural, tourism, and sports modernization, modernization in social governance and social security, and modernization of quality of life. Social modernization indices have been conducted for 60 countries in typical years, yielding the following results: Firstly, the process of social modernization has significantly accelerated in Asian and South American countries from 2000 to 2020. Secondly, Oceania and Europe exhibit the highest levels of social modernization, while Africa lags behind; Countries at the forefront of social modernization have maintained relative stability. Thirdly, China has achieved substantial progress in social modernization, with a notable reduction in the relative gap compared to leading countries worldwide since 2000. Finally, modernization in technology and education, as well as quality of life, represents weak areas in China's social modernization, and social governance and social security perform relatively better than other domains from a sectoral perspective. The four pathways to enhance China's level of social modernization, are to continue improving people's quality of life, accelerate technological innovation and talent development, vigorously implement the Healthy China strategy, and continually innovate social governance methods.

Key words: social modernization, Chinese-style modernization, common characteristics, international comparison

摘要：

社会现代化是国家现代化的核心组成部分。中国推进社会现代化的进程可以分为探索期、快速发展期和稳步提升期三个阶段。中国式社会现代化呈现五大特征：以人口规模巨大为本底，以实现全体人民共同富裕为宗旨，以追求社会和谐发展为目标，追求在资源约束下经济发展和社会进步相统一，以及倡导文化合作共赢的人类和平发展。以社会现代化演进的普遍共性特征为基础，从科技教育现代化、卫生健康现代化、文化旅游体育现代化、社会治理和保障现代化、生活质量现代化5个维度提出了社会现代化的评价指标体系，初步测算了60个国家典型年份的社会现代化指数，结果表明：①2000—2020年，以中国为代表的亚洲国家和南美洲国家社会现代化进程明显加速，目前大洋洲和欧洲社会现代化程度最高，非洲最低；②处于社会现代化先进水平的国家保持相对稳定，社会现代化的国际地位上升需要付出巨大努力；③2000年以来，中国社会现代化取得了巨大成就，与世界先进国家相对差距明显缩小，但绝对差距仍较大；④分领域来看，科技教育现代化和生活质量现代化是我国社会现代化的薄弱环节，社会治理和社会保障相对其他领域较好。应重点从提高人民生活质量、加快科技创新和人才培养、大力实施健康中国战略以及不断创新社会治理方式4个方面努力提高中国式社会现代化水平。

关键词: 社会现代化, 中国式现代化, 共性特征, 国际比较