Spatial-temporal pattern of the coordinated development of ecology-culture-tourism of China's provinces

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.03.2019559

Abstract

Abstract:

Drawing on the existing research, this paper constructs the eco-culture-tourism coordinated development mechanism based on the interaction between eco-culture and tourism, and builds an indicator system based on the development mechanism and the principles of science, time series and data availability. The indicator system has 7 first-level indicators and 25 second-level indicators. On the one hand, the weighted average method is used to measure the ecological, cultural and tourism development levels of 31 provinces. The coupling and coordination development model and ESDA spatial analysis method are used to quantitatively measure and statistically analyze the time series variation and spatial differentiation degree of the coupling and coordination relationship of provincial ecological-cultural-tourism.The results show that the coordinated development index of China's provincial ecology-culture-tourism is low and on the dysfunction stage. Although it has shown an upward trend in the past ten years, the increase rate is small.The high-score areas of the coordinated development index are mainly distributed in the eastern coast and southwest Sichuan Province and the high score area has spread in the past ten years.Three subsystems have different spatial performances in different provincial units, the difference in development level is ecological>tourism>culture. The result also show the coordinated development index has obvious spatial positive correlation.

Key words: ecology-culture-tourism, coordinated development, spatial-temporal pattern, provincial

摘要：

基于生态-文化-旅游协调发展机理，构建三大系统协调发展评价指标体系，运用耦合协调度模型、ESDA和GWR空间分析方法，对我国省域生态-文化-旅游协调发展的时空分异特征、空间相关性及影响因素进行探究。我国省域生态-文化-旅游协调发展指数较低，十年来虽呈上升趋势但增幅较小，处于濒临失调阶段；协调发展指数高值区主要分布于东部沿海及西南部四川省，十年来呈现高值区扩散、低值区面积有所缩减的发展态势；三大子系统在不同的省域单元上空间表现各异，发展水平差异表现为生态>旅游>文化，东部省份三大子系统整体较高，西部整体较低且生态发展水平明显高于文化、旅游发展水平，中部省份介于两者之间；省域生态-文化-旅游协调发展具有明显的空间正相关关系；从影响机制来看，行政力度、经济基础、市场条件及开放程度对区域生态-文化-旅游协调的发展产生重要影响，且存在显著的空间差异。

关键词: 生态-文化-旅游协调发展, 空间分异格局, 省域

Yaoyan JIA, Jing HU, Dajun LIU, Lei ZHU, Yajuan LI. Spatial-temporal pattern of the coordinated development of ecology-culture-tourism of China's provinces[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(3): 620-631.

贾垚焱, 胡静, 刘大均, 朱磊, 李亚娟. 中国省域生态-文化-旅游协调发展时空分异及影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 620-631.

Figures/Tables 8

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子系统	一级指标	二级指标	单位	权重	性质
生态	B₁生态环境本底	C₁建成区绿化率	%	0.066	+
		C₂森林覆盖率	%	0.121	+
		C₃自然保护区占比	%	0.176	+
	B₂生态环境污染	C₄废水排放量	万吨	0.028	-
		C₅二氧化硫排放量	吨	0.035	-
		C₆氮氧化物排放量	吨	0.050	-
		C₇烟（粉）尘排放量	吨	0.031	-
	B₃生态环境治理	C₈生活垃圾无害化处理率	%	0.031	+
		C₉治理废水项目完成投资	万元	0.248	+
		C₁₀治理废气项目完成投资	万元	0.214	+
文化	B₄文化总量	C₁₁全国重点文物保护单位	个	0.119	+
		C₁₂艺术表演团体机构数	个	0.164	+
		C₁₃艺术表演场馆机构数	个	0.131	+
		C₁₄博物馆机构数	个	0.101	+
		C₁₅人均公共图书馆藏量	册/人	0.152	+
	B₅文化社会效应	C₁₆文化及相关产业增加值	亿元	0.171	+
		C₁₇文化及相关产业固定资产投资	万元	0.115	+
		C₁₈人均娱乐消费支出	元	0.136	+
旅游	B₆生产要素	C₁₉A级旅游景区个数	个	0.105	+
		C₂₀星级饭店个数	个	0.103	+
		C₂₁旅游行社个数	个	0.107	+
	B₇产业效应	C₂₂国内旅游人次	万人次	0.096	+
		C₂₃入境过夜游客人次	万人次	0.251	+
		C₂₄国内旅游收入	亿元	0.092	+
		C₂₅旅游外汇收入	百万美元	0.246	+

子系统	一级指标	二级指标	单位	权重	性质
生态	B₁生态环境本底	C₁建成区绿化率	%	0.066	+
		C₂森林覆盖率	%	0.121	+
		C₃自然保护区占比	%	0.176	+
	B₂生态环境污染	C₄废水排放量	万吨	0.028	-
		C₅二氧化硫排放量	吨	0.035	-
		C₆氮氧化物排放量	吨	0.050	-
		C₇烟（粉）尘排放量	吨	0.031	-
	B₃生态环境治理	C₈生活垃圾无害化处理率	%	0.031	+
		C₉治理废水项目完成投资	万元	0.248	+
		C₁₀治理废气项目完成投资	万元	0.214	+
文化	B₄文化总量	C₁₁全国重点文物保护单位	个	0.119	+
		C₁₂艺术表演团体机构数	个	0.164	+
		C₁₃艺术表演场馆机构数	个	0.131	+
		C₁₄博物馆机构数	个	0.101	+
		C₁₅人均公共图书馆藏量	册/人	0.152	+
	B₅文化社会效应	C₁₆文化及相关产业增加值	亿元	0.171	+
		C₁₇文化及相关产业固定资产投资	万元	0.115	+
		C₁₈人均娱乐消费支出	元	0.136	+
旅游	B₆生产要素	C₁₉A级旅游景区个数	个	0.105	+
		C₂₀星级饭店个数	个	0.103	+
		C₂₁旅游行社个数	个	0.107	+
	B₇产业效应	C₂₂国内旅游人次	万人次	0.096	+
		C₂₃入境过夜游客人次	万人次	0.251	+
		C₂₄国内旅游收入	亿元	0.092	+
		C₂₅旅游外汇收入	百万美元	0.246	+

耦合协调度	耦合协调度数值	省份（2007）	省份（2011）	省份（2016）
优质协调	0.9001-1.0000	——	——	——
良好协调	0.8001-0.9000	——	——	——
中级协调	0.7001-0.8000	广东、浙江、江苏	山东、江苏	浙江、江苏、山东、广东
初级协调	0.6001-0.7000	山东、上海、河南	浙江、广东、河南	安徽
勉强协调	0.5001-0.6000	辽宁、四川、北京、安徽、福建、山西、湖北、河北	四川、安徽、河北、陕西、上海、陕西、北京、福建、湖南、湖北	河南、上海、四川、北京、福建、湖南、湖北、陕西、河北、江西、辽宁
濒临失调	0.4001-0.5000	湖南、陕西、云南、江西、广西、黑龙江、内蒙古、吉林、重庆、天津、甘肃	江西、辽宁、重庆、内蒙古、云南、广西、天津、甘肃、黑龙江	云南、山西、重庆、广西、内蒙古、黑龙江、甘肃、天津、贵州、吉林
轻度失调	0.3001-0.4000	新疆、海南、贵州	吉林、新疆、贵州、青海、海南、宁夏	新疆
中度失调	0.2001-0.3000	青海、宁夏、西藏	西藏	海南、青海、西藏、宁夏
严重失调	0.0000-0.2000	——	——	——

耦合协调度	耦合协调度数值	省份（2007）	省份（2011）	省份（2016）
优质协调	0.9001-1.0000	——	——	——
良好协调	0.8001-0.9000	——	——	——
中级协调	0.7001-0.8000	广东、浙江、江苏	山东、江苏	浙江、江苏、山东、广东
初级协调	0.6001-0.7000	山东、上海、河南	浙江、广东、河南	安徽
勉强协调	0.5001-0.6000	辽宁、四川、北京、安徽、福建、山西、湖北、河北	四川、安徽、河北、陕西、上海、陕西、北京、福建、湖南、湖北	河南、上海、四川、北京、福建、湖南、湖北、陕西、河北、江西、辽宁
濒临失调	0.4001-0.5000	湖南、陕西、云南、江西、广西、黑龙江、内蒙古、吉林、重庆、天津、甘肃	江西、辽宁、重庆、内蒙古、云南、广西、天津、甘肃、黑龙江	云南、山西、重庆、广西、内蒙古、黑龙江、甘肃、天津、贵州、吉林
轻度失调	0.3001-0.4000	新疆、海南、贵州	吉林、新疆、贵州、青海、海南、宁夏	新疆
中度失调	0.2001-0.3000	青海、宁夏、西藏	西藏	海南、青海、西藏、宁夏
严重失调	0.0000-0.2000	——	——	——

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