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16 December 2016, Volume 25 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Geo-cultural Strategy and Schema of National Security 2016, (6): 1-8.  Abstract ( )   PDF (364KB) ( )   Geopolitical theories advance with the times which should be shed dynamic perspectives on the geopolitics. By reviewing on traditional geopolitical theories, they have been shifting from objective spatial viewpoints of ‘territorial expansion’ to focus on interaction between politics and economy, and then to the current emphasis on ‘cultural regions sovereignty’. The content dimension of national security has expanded from the field of military and political security to the field of economic, social, environmental security. The scale dimension has extended upward from international level to the international system and down to individual level. In the new era, the country needs new views of national security that based on the cultural identity and targeted enhancement of the soft power. This paper argues that geo-cultural strategy on the strength of cultural regions will become a powerful complement to traditional geopolitical theory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inquiry on Iran-Iraq RelationsChanging under the Rise of ISfrom the Perspective of Geo-politics 2016, (6): 9-17.  Abstract ( )   PDF (486KB) ( )   The countries in the Middle East which have experienced the Arab Spring now are not able to carry on and remain fixed in social turmoil and clashes, while the anti-governmental armed group of the “Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” (IS) is taking advantage of the situation and inciting the conflicts.The devastation made by IS caused not only the entanglement of the regional politics structure in the Middle-East area but also could let to a bigger war to maintain the peace in the world. IS has been active for a long time on the border area between Iraq and Syria, and it could have a strong influence on the already insipid relations between Iraq and Iran. We aim to summarize the interactions between these two countries in relation to religion, economy, diplomacy, and state of the army under the rise of IS from the perspective of Geo-politics. And noted geopolitical?situation?in the?Mid- East causing this changed. It promoted?the?formation?of?new?patterns?for?separation?of the?three?major?geographical?groups?in the?Middle East,?also?caused?foreign?countries?to?force?policy?changes because of the relationship between Iran-Iraq behaviors after the rise of IS. Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation and potential evaluation of Sino German bilateral trade based on Gravity Mode 2016, (6): 18-27.  Abstract ( )   PDF (571KB) ( )   Germany is China’s largest trading partner in Europe, therefore, studying the potential of bilateral trade between China and Germany has an important theoretical value and practical significance to the timely adjustment of the foreign trade strategy as well as to the construction of “One Belt and One Road”. First of all, this paper analyses the Sino-German bilateral trade situation via the use of bilateral trade data and trade integration index. Next, it evaluates the potential development of Sino-German bilateral trade by applying EViews software to establish the trade gravity model, in which there are five aspects to be considered: GDP of both countries, per capita GDP, the distance between two capitals, and a member of WTO and APEC or not, along with the help of the trade data of 37 major countries in 2014. The conclusions are made: the bilateral trade is gradually deepening on a large scale with a rapid increase; the commodity structure in the two countries is strongly complementary; the degree of trade complementarity is changing in an increasing trend in Germany’s trade with China while it is deducing in China’s trade with Germany; Sino-German bilateral trade potential value increases in the process of fluctuation, the figure is greater than 1.2, which belongs to the type of “potential re-modeling”, thus the trade potential has been brought into full play yet rises in a narrow space. Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual analysis of hotspots and research fronts of terrorism 2016, (6): 28-37.  Abstract ( )   PDF (677KB) ( )   Since terrorism has become a hot issue in the world, researches centered on this issue increased significantly around the world. The analysis of hotspots and new trends in terrorism research is beneficial to the comprehension of terrorism, which can also act as a guidance to the researchers. In this paper, a number of 8216 literatures related to terrorism were analyzed via the method of literature quantification. With the aid of CiteSpace text mining tools and the methods of co-citation analysis, frequency analysis, time series analysis as well as burst phrase detection, the basis of terrorism research together with its research perspectives, research hotspots and trends in different periods were examined in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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South Asia’s Geopolitical Characteristics behind India and their Enlightenment on China 2016, (6): 38-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (623KB) ( )   Current international power structure is undergoing profound reconstructing and the world is entering the new geo-political pattern transfer era. South Asia is the key part for the World-Island of Heartland theory and Eurasia Shatter-Zone of Rimland theory, the position for South Asia goes up and becomes an independent geopolitical zone resulting from India’s rise. Firstly, the paper analyses South Asian Geopolitical Characteristics. As South Asia power center, India connects with its neighboring countries of South Asia to make geopolitics in South Asia showing Characteristics as the interaction both attraction & repulsion, South Asian countries’ real interests’ orientations &uncertainty, geopolitical inter-subjectivity cooperation & mutual suspicion and geopolitical tendency in South Asia led by India. And then, the paper analyses reasons for forming geopolitical characteristics in South Asia, which include geographic environment, Indian geopolitical though, South Asian countries power structure and Indian resistance to external powers. Finally, the paper puts forward three suggestions for China to manage South Asia in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress and Prospect of Studies on Urban Transformation 2016, (6): 48-56.  Abstract ( )   PDF (672KB) ( )   Urban transformation is discussed widely in the studies of urban development recently, which has gained quiet much attention from scholars and city managers. As the rapid advance of globalization, application of new technology and the increasing pressure from resource and environment, many cities all over the world have entered the rail of urban transformation and related research emerging gradually. This paper firstly represented the definition and connotation of urban transformation, secondly compared domestic and overseas research progress by related achievements published in CNKI and Web of Science respectively; thirdly discussed the definition and driving force of urban transformation based on former studies; lastly gained conclusion like the limitation in definition or study object, and gave some suggestions for future studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial characteristic analysis of accessibility of civil airports in the Jingjinji area 2016, (6): 57-65.  Abstract ( )   PDF (692KB) ( )   In order to make a quantitative study about the spatial characteristic of accessibility of civil airports in the Jingjinji region, the paper mainly used spatial analysis module of GIS to generates spatial distribution map of the accessibility in Jingjinji region based on road network data, railway network data and urban metro subway network data after summarizing previous research papers, further, the paper analyzed spatial characteristic of the region accessibility. As the result show, airports accessibility have the characteristic of high in the south, low in the north, middle area better than edge area in the Jingjinji region. Accessibility of eastern airports is the best, the northern is the worst. The accessibility time of 51.1% of Jingjinji area is 1.5-6h, so the level of accessibility is overall lower in the region. According to valid service area that the paper defined, airport valid service area could be divided into three grades: Zhengding international airport, Capital international airport and Binhai international airport belong to first grade, Handan airport, Sannvhe airport belong to second grade, Ningyuan airport and Shanhaiguan airport belong to third grade. By analyzing the accessibility time, we can know that Capital international airport have the largest valid service area in 0-1.5h area about 25.23%, Zhengding international have the largest valid service area in 1.5-3h and 3-4.5h areas about 23.5 and 21.9%. Form the research results, the general development of the airports is imbalance, it is necessary to plan and adjust the layout of airports. We should build the new airports in the northern and western region to increase the valid service area. The traffic network should be improved to expand the valid service area of existing airports, the function of existing and new airports should be clear and definite to develop the regional hub airports and improve the civil service efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of regional multifunction evaluation and evolution based on niche breadth model: Taking Beijing as an example 2016, (6): 66-77.  Abstract ( )   PDF (847KB) ( )   Based on the niche theory, Multi functional niche breadth model and evaluation index system is constructed, Three points in time, 2005, 2009, and 2013, play an important role in the regional development in Beijing. Six functional evaluations are performed. The evaluation and evolution of multifunction are analyzed according to the ecological niche breadth value and its rank. The results showed the following: (1) In 2013, the agricultural production and ecological functions of the inner-city is characterized by a low level of functionality; there is a high level of functionality in the outer suburbs. The degree of spatial agglomeration is high, and the distribution is relatively concentrated. The functional level of tourism and leisure and industrial development functions of the outer suburb district is far below that of the inner city and peri-urban areas. The characteristics of the habitat services function is unique and manifests the strongest for peri-urban and suburban plain areas; the inner-city function is second, and the suburban mountainous areas are the weakest. (2) From 2005 to 2013, the overall level of the agricultural production and industrial development functions’ growth increased after first decreasing; the level of the tourism and leisure and the habitat services functions continue to increase. The level of the culture and education and ecological services functions continue to decline. The grade variation amplitude of the tourism and leisure, the habitat services, industrial development, and ecological services functions is minimal; the agricultural production function grade polarization trend is clear. The cultural and education function gradually change to the intermediate grade of concentration. (3) The evolution of the function is usually accompanied with the implementation of the government policy, and it has a certain inertia and hysteresis. The function development of suburban plain areas become increasingly diverse, a large number of agricultural land is occupied, so the agricultural development is restricted. The acceleration of population aging, the reduction of enrollment, the corresponding integration of educational facilities, leading to the weakening of cultural and educational functions gradually. The saturation of housing in the core area, resulting in ease suburban plain area into the core area of the population to absorb the population of Metro. The level of industrial development is vastly different, mainly due to the relocation adjustment of industrial enterprises, as well as the delay caused by the industrial development, and the expansion of industrial function is still the trend of future development. Ecosystem services can only be formed in the outer suburbs, and the need to rely on the role of government regulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Interactive Relationship between R&D Centers Overseas of MNCs and Regional Innovation System of Host Country from the Perspective of Evolution 2016, (6): 78-86.  Abstract ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   Regional innovation system is an important method to enhance regional innovation capability. The construction of regional innovation system not only benefits from the drive of indigenous innovation subjects, but also is inseparable from participation of innovation resources from external region under open condition. Driven by large-scale overseas R&D investment of MNCs, MNCs overseas R&D institutions and regional innovation system of host country are influenced and interacted mutually, and gradually form the interactive relationship. Based on the background of R&D globalization, combing and summering the related literature reviews, the paper firstly probes into the evolution of development between MNCs overseas R&D institutions and regional innovation system of host country, and analyzes the interactive relationship between MNCs overseas R&D institutions and regional innovation system of host country in different stages from the perspective of evolution. And then discusses the formation mechanism of interaction between MNCs overseas R&D institutions and regional innovation system of host country according to the interactive intentions and elements. Finally, the Microsoft is taken to be the typical example so as to analyze the interactive relationship between MNCs overseas R&D institutions and innovation subjects in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Evolution and New Trends on the Studies of Western Industrial Cluster: A Perspective from Economic Geography 2016, (6): 96-108.  Abstract ( )   PDF (776KB) ( )   During the last three decade, western economic geography has experienced theoretical turns which changes rapidly and diversely. Based on absorbing related knowledge from the turns, the theory of industrial cluster formed the evolution of research focus and content, and it has persistent impacts on the development and practice of the research on industrial cluster in China. From the perspective of economic geography, this paper firstly reviews the research on industrial cluster and its evolution since 1970s, and divides the theoretical evolution of industrial cluster into three stages: the embryonic stage, the developed stage and the deepening stage. Secondly, it is argued that there are some new trends for the research on industrial cluster after 21 century, and the paper found the focuses of related studies are mainly on three dimensions, which are network, time and space respectively. Meanwhile, three new characteristics and trends were discovered on the content of those studies: ①the complexity on networks which showed from ‘the structure of cluster’ to ‘the networks of clusters’, ②the temporal dynamics that showed from ‘static cluster’ to ‘cluster evolution’, ③the non-embeddedness on spatial aspect which showed from ‘permanent cluster’ to ‘temporary cluster’, ④the international networking feature in technology which showed from ‘entitative cluster’ to ‘virtual cluster’. Finally, based on such reviews, the paper further concluded the influences and implications on the study of industrial cluster in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on International Experiences of Healthcare Industry and Its Reference 2016, (6): 109-118.  Abstract ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   It is critical to learn exceptional experiences from world leading healthcare industry clusters to foster their development in China. This research centers on how Nashville Healthcare Industry Cluster and Dubai Healthcare City, the two prominent exemplars of healthcare industry clusters, grows and develops. From their development history and present achievements, we draw three meaningful references to the development of healthcare industry cluster here in China. There are three major findings in this research. Firstly, a smooth interaction and close cooperation among three sectors, namely the R&D sector, the core sector and the supporting sector in one healthcare industry cluster, is fundamental for long-term growth. Secondly, there should be a sustainable emphasis on and devotion to the investment of the R&D sector since this is the only way to gain a unique edge for one healthcare industry cluster. It should foster the cooperation between firms and universities as well as research institutions. At last, the governments’ attitude toward the development of healthcare industry cluster should be in measurement with the previous resource of this region. In more advanced regions, governments should act as a helper. For regions that lack a sound development background, the government had better behave more as a planner as well as a helper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regional Comparison of Integration Effect between Cultural and Creative Industry Parks and Tourism Industry: Content Analysis based on Online Commentary 2016, (6): 119-127.  Abstract ( )   PDF (728KB) ( )   With the rapid development of cultural and creative industries in China，cultural and creative industry parks, as the integration of creative production and cultural consumption, are brought into the spotlight for tourism development of many regions．This current study collected the comments from the web-citizens on cultural and creative industry parks through professional tourist review websites, and made comparison and statistics on the integration effect between cultural and creative industry parks and tourism industry in typical cities in China by means of content analysis. As the findings show, despite the ambitious interaction of cultural and creative industry parks with tourism industry nationwide, huge disparity exists in the actual effect among regions. Above all, sound effects have been achieved by coastal cities like Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Guangzhou, while the physical settings and intangible environments of the parks in mid and west China still have room for improvement. As for service and infrastructure, visitors are paying close attention to shopping opportunities, catering service and tourism environment of the parks. According to the finding results, this study has drawn some implications for further development of cultural and creative tourism from four aspects, namely, highlighting the local features, creating the atmosphere for culture and creation, improve the supporting facilities and intensifying the promotion for cultural and creative tourism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Beijing Residents’ Perception of Smog and Its Impacts on Their Tourism Willingness and Decision-making Behavior Tendency 2016, (6): 128-137.  Abstract ( )   PDF (755KB) ( )   Over the past few years, the Mainland China has been frequently attacked by extensive and severe air pollution. Smog in the country has turned out to be a problem with highly public concern. As a result, smog and its impact has become a new and hot research field in China. Due to the combined negative impacts of multi-factors, smog problem in Beijing is quite serious and gets particularly much attention at home and abroad owing to its special position as the capital city of China. It is well known that Beijing is a very influential tourist generating city as well as a worldly famous tourist destination. In the light of this, there are some essential issues worth studying, such as what are local people’s perceptions of smog? What are the impacts of smog on tourism demand and decision-making behavior tendency of local people in Beijing. However, these questions are well addressed. In this article, the authors have made a questionnaire survey in the early 2016 on the perception of Beijing residents and their tourism demand and decision-making behavior tendency under the impact of smog by utilizing the online questionnaire design and spreading platform of “sojump.com” and spreading them on WeChat (a Chinese social media like Facebook). It is found in this research that: 1) the majority of Beijing residents have agreed smog problem in Beijing is very serious with strong perception of its negative impacts on physical health, emotional mood, and daily life; 2) Beijing residents have strong desire to escape from the city due to constant suffering from smog, which stimulates and increases more tourism demand of local people; 3) there is a significant statistic difference in Beijing residents’ perception and attitude of smog among different demographic groups, and young and middle-aged local people working in institutions and enterprise units with high income and education level have apparently stronger perception and attitude of smog. In the end, the authors have discussed the marketing meaning of the above findings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of tourism industry’s spatial agglomeration in region -- Taking Guangdong Province as an example 2016, (6): 138-147.  Abstract ( )   PDF (852KB) ( )   Industry’s spatial agglomeration is a necessary stage of the development of regional space economy. This article research on tourism industry’s agglomeration in the case regional space. According to insufficient of the existing research in geography method using in the tourism agglomeration analysis, it take the A-level scenic spots, travel agencies, hotels as the core part of the tourism industry, and use the nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, buffer analysis methods to study the tourism industry’s agglomeration degree, agglomeration characteristics, and the influencing factors of agglomeration. It found that the tourism industry in the whole region exhibit the obvious characteristics of spatial agglomeration, that A-level scenic spots, travel agencies and star hotels show the three different temporal evolution morphology, also show punctuate or cluster agglomeration characteristics. In the influencing factors of agglomeration, urban itself power affects the tourism core status in the regional layout, and the location’s value is very important attractiong to the concentration distribution of tourism industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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International tourists' gaze and being good tourists: An empirical study of "Impression Sanjie Liu" 2016, (6): 148-157.  Abstract ( )   PDF (843KB) ( )   In the tourism settings, social contact and gaze is commonly seen among different stakeholders. One of the tourism gazes is about intra-tourist gaze, which is the interaction between tourists and other tourists. It is believed to have disciplinary power, as being aware of the gaze, people tend to behave in a proper and more accepted approach. This study is part of a big research project which explores international tourists’ experiences in China. This study chose Impression Sanjie Liu, one of the most well-known and popular landscape shows among international tourists, as the study context. English spontaneous reviews posted on TripAdvisor were selected as the data source. Leximancer, a computer assisted qualitative data analysis software, was used to analyze the data. An assessment of the reviews indicated that nearly half of the review contributors mentioned their gaze on the Chinese host, including the impression performers, the on-site Chinese audiences, as well as some service staff (e.g. tour guides, and hotel staff). The results indicated contradictory findings. Generally, international tourists were very impressed with the impression show, especially the fantastic performance, the local performers, the spectacular natural settings, the excellent stories and lightening effects. They, however, frowned on several behaviors of the Chinese domestic tourists, notably disruptive talking, taking photos/videos, early exiting from the venue, disrespect of the performers, and the indifference to the experience of others. This empirical study offers implications for being good tourists’ education. This study argues that no matter whether we are travelling outbound or domestically, when we are seeing the world, we are gazed by others, including the international society. Considering the theory of tourism gaze, especially the disciplinary power of gaze, it is suggested that international tourists gaze on Chinese tourists’ behavior can be communicated to be a wider range. Implications for better tourist manners management were offered. Directions for future research were also suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the synergetic degree between regional tourism industry and scientific innovation in JiangSu 2016, (6): 158-165.  Abstract ( )   PDF (808KB) ( )   Scientific innovation as the first productive force in the development of tourism modernization that is relatively uncontentious. Meanwhile the issue how to effectively promote tourism technology innovation has a great significance effect to the sustainable development of tourism industry. Based on the collaborative theory, this paper constructs the synergetic degree model for the development of the tourism industry and the scientific innovation system, by using this model, the index data of 2006~2014 in JiangSu province were collected to measure the synergetic degree of regional tourism scientific innovation, and the evolution tendency of tourism scientific innovation system was analyzed. The research shows that the synergetic degree of scientific innovation in tourism industry in between [-0.06,0.37] concussion, that means the synergism development level of JiangSu is not high, moreover the research illustrates the scientific and technological innovation of regional tourism synergism mechanism has not yet formed effectively. From the dynamic evolution of the development process, the study reveals the synergetic degree of JiangSu tourism and scientific innovation complex system is raising volatility. Therefore, this paper suggests that relative departments should actively promote the innovation driven strategy, enhance the smart tourism service supply chain, and improve the quality of tourism services and the market conversion of scientific and technological achievements. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Construction and Empirical Analysis of the Evaluation System of Urban Cultural Tourism Competitiveness-- Taking the Urban Agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta region as an Example 2016, (6): 166-176.  Abstract ( )   PDF (819KB) ( )   The development of urban cultural tourism is under consideration to the dual task of culture and tourism, to Enhance the competitiveness of urban cultural tourism is an important task to realize the transformation of tourism development and the prosperity of cultural development. According to the basic theory of urban cultural tourism competitiveness, the article constructs the evaluation index system of urban cultural tourism competitiveness. Based on the factor analysis method, the paper makes a survey of the cultural tourism competitiveness of 16 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region in 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015. The conclusions are: the urban cultural tourism competitiveness of Yangtze River Delta improved as a whole and the ranking is basically stable; Shanghai ranked first of all indexes except the brand resource competitiveness of cultural tourism of which Suzhou ranked first. The comprehensive competitiveness of Shanghai, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Nanjing belong to the first echelon. At last, According to the present situation of cultural tourism development in different cities, the article put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the competitiveness of the urban cultural tourism. Related Articles | Metrics