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15 February 2019, Volume 28 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The condition and problems of immigrants’ social integration in China: A case study of Japanese Transmigrants in Shanghai 2019, 28(1): 1-12.  Abstract ( )   PDF (321KB) ( )   Against the context of high-speed economic growth in China, the number of immigrants who have expatriated to China soared over the last two decades and continued to increase. The growth of transmigrants’ population in China has led to the study of transmigrants’ social integration, which is becoming increasingly important. As such, the study sheds light on the Japanese Transmigrants (JTs) in Shanghai, taken as a case study to examine the social integration and satisfaction through three factors: employment, housing, and consumer behaviors. The consumer behaviors include shopping, catering, medical, education, recreation, and transportation. Based on first-hand data gathered from onsite surveys and interviews conducted in 2012 and 2013, we found that the social integration of JTs in Shanghai is general at a low-level and their segregation is due to the following reasons. Firstly, the JTs mainly worked in Japanese companies or Japanese ethnic businesses, in other word, they only sought for jobs in the labor market specifically for foreigners, rather than in the normal labor market. Secondly, the JTs preferred to live near their compatriots, which lead to the formation of the Japanese enclaves in Gubei area and Pudong area. Thirdly, the JTs’ daily lives depended largely on the Japanese ethnic economy. The current condition and problems of JTs’ social integration creates challenges for immigrant management and social integration, as well as for international city development in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A literature research on population shrinking 2019, 28(1): 13-23.  Abstract ( )   PDF (366KB) ( )   With the decrease of fertility level in past decades, population shrinking has gained much attention across the world. It has also gradually become a general problem in China, which need further studies in the future. This paper has reviewed the progress of these studies from the connotation of population shrinking, the measurement methods, its spatial characteristics and trend, and the causes of population shrinking. Based on the existing studies, we found that some aspects of population shrinking should be concerned in the future studies in China. First, the spatial characteristics and change trend need further research, especially the spatial pattern among different stages and how population shrinking will be evolution in the future. Second, based on the law of population change in China, the research framework of the mechanism of population shrinking should be established. Third, the future studies should conduct more discussion about the positive and negative regional effect and also the coping strategies, and the regional difference of economic development and environmental situation should be considered in this process. Fourth, some major issues of regional development, including urbanization and urban planning , should be strengthened in regions of population shrinking. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Flood Disaster in India from 1950 to 2016 2019, 28(1): 24-31.  Abstract ( )   PDF (475KB) ( )   Flood is the primary natural disaster that affects social and economic development of India. Using the Global Emergency Database (EM-DAT), we count the flood disaster events in India. With the frequency analysis method, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of flood disaster events in India from 1950 to 2016 and, then, disclosed the spatial and temporal variations of flood disasters and deaths induced by flood in India from 1950 to 2016. The results showed that: (1) the flood disaster in India exhibit a distinct seasonal cycle, which is characterized by high frequency from July to September, accounting for 65.70%, with the peak in July, accounting for 24.55%. The annual frequency of flood increased generally from 1950 to 2016. (2) The spatial variations of flood frequency are characterized by high frequency in north, especially in the northeast; while, it is low in the south. (3) The death induced by floods in 1950-2016 increased along with increasing frequency of floods, but both the maximum death of each flood and the largest annual death decreased significantly. This finding indicates that India has gradually strengthened its ability to address floods disasters since the mid-20th century. This study could serve as foundation for further analysis of the vulnerability of Indian society and the risk of flood disaster in future climate change scenarios. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Geographical Research on Boundary-point Island --as the center of comparative studies between Hainan Island and Jeju Island 2019, 28(1): 32-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (429KB) ( )   From the perspective of modern geopolitics, the marine sovereignty directly sustains the rise and fall of the country. As the most basic demarcation standard, the island is the most important territorial symbol and sovereign symbol in the ocean. Therefore, the island naturally easier to become the fuse of sea power disputes, boundary-point island or nearby waters even more so. At present, the situation in South China Sea , the East China Sea as well as the Yellow Sea are is not optimistic, and the sea power problem in China is facing a severe test. Therefore, how to examine the strategic positioning of these border islands will become a major subject of our country. This paper attempts to use the corresponding concept in land border system - "boundary", taking Hainan Island and Jeju Island as an example, and analyzes the geopolitical situation of the island at the boundary point in marine frontier. The purpose of this study is to explore a new model of sovereignty over the territorial sovereignty over the sea, which can play a certain enlightening effect on the protection of marine rights for our country. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2019, 28(1): 40-46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (510KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2019, 28(1): 47-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2019, 28(1): 58-67.  Abstract ( )   PDF (629KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on spatial network structure of Pan Yangtze River Delta 2019, 28(1): 68-78.  Abstract ( )   PDF (659KB) ( )   Based on the perspective of economic connection, the Spatial Interaction Model, Social Network Analysis (SNA) and GIS spatial analysis are used to study the regional network structure characteristics of Pan Yangtze River Delta.Research shows: Overall, the Pan Yangtze River Delta regional spatial network presents a spatial structure of "A core and Multi-center" with Shanghai as the core, with Nanjing, Hangzhou and Hefei as the multi-center.In the Pan Yangtze River Delta, the density of the regional spatial network is low, the inter-city links are more weak and the urban functions are not clear.The results of Multiple Central Analysis show that the polarization and diffusion effects of Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Hefei are significant, but the secondary area is not fully integrated.The Pan Yangtze region can be divided into four cohesive subgroups, and the small groups within the subgroups are obvious, and the economic link between the cities is stronger in subgroups.At the same time, the Pan Yangtze River Delta regional integration trend is accelerated, the network characteristics began to appear. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Urban Expansion and Gravity Evolution in Rapid Urbanization Areas Based on Nighttime Light Data——Taking Henan Province as an Example 2019, 28(1): 79-89.  Abstract ( )   PDF (806KB) ( )   Based on the data of DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data, and combined with the socio-economic statistics, the spatial pattern of urban space in Henan Province was analyzed through the extraction of the built-up area. At the same time, the theoretical model of the center of gravity was introduced to identify the economy, population and light center of gravity trajectory evolution, in order to compare the analysis of urban space expansion. The findings can be summarized as follows：①The urbanization process of northern city cluster which take Zhengzhou as the core is fast, the spatial expansion relationship between Zhengzhou and Kaifeng closely. ②The development level of east - west in Henan Province is higher than that in north - south direction, the central plain area develops better than the southwest mountain city, and the overall expansion is concentrated. ③Light center of gravity mainly transfer to the northeast, consistent with the direction of economic focus shifted, while the direction of the center of gravity shift significantly deviated. ④Good correlation exists between night light intensity and built-up area. At the same time, the correlation between economic development and nighttime light intensity & built-up area is higher than that between population and nighttime light intensity & built-up area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the spatial behavior of intercity travel in coastal cities based on ESEM model——Taking Zhanjiang City in Guangdong Province for Example 2019, 28(1): 90-101.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1036KB) ( )   Taking the intercity travel of Zhanjiang city as the research object, the spatial behavior characteristics of intercity travel of coastal cities residents are discussed from the microcosmic point through the questionnaire survey of passengers. The results show that, ①there are "point-axis" and "patch-channel" spatial distribution patterns of intercity travel of residents’ behavior in Zhanjiang. ②the Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) of 5 variable model has better fitness; and latent factors model of 3 traffic modes (highway, railway and aviation) can be generally named as convenience, economy, comfort, safety and travel preference. ③ judging from the composition of observed variables and the load of identical latent variables in the latent factors model, residents behavior characteristics of different transportation modes differ obviously. ④Age, monthly income and the average number of monthly leaving from Zhanjiang city are important covariates that affect inter-city travel behavior. The research provides a theoretical support for the human-oriented planning of transportation sites and facilities, the composition optimizing of transport system, and the capacity enhancing of transportation services. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Similarity of Security Space in Russian and Chinese Cities under Landscape Pattern - St. Petersburg and Dalian 2019, 28(1): 102-110.  Abstract ( )   PDF (641KB) ( )   Increasing urban expansion leads to vunerability of numerous cities to problems such as flooding, earth quake, security indicents, and smog catastropy. Citysafety has increasingly drawn attention from researchers, governments and general public worldwide, and consequently safety oriented urban planning gradually emerges. In this paper, based on data of land use, population statistics, traffic network data and green shelter data,use landscape pattern index, multi-scale analysis, network analysis tools and proximal area method to make spatial analysis in ArcGIS10.2 and Fragstats (ver 4.2.1) software platform. then besed on above calculation result to built similarity model of City Safety and evaluate similarity of city security environment from the perspective of St Petersburg and Dalian city landscape pattern,we found in St Petersburg city and Dalian city security environment,landscape pattern of population density is high similar,the landscape pattern of land use is middle similar,landscape pattern of traffic network is low similar,,landscape pattern of green shelter is not similar. by comparison,St Petersburg shows advantages in traffic efficiency and the accessibility of green shelter. Dalian shows its advantages in spatial distribution of three functional land use "industry-live-green space" and the centrality of population and transportation network, In the future,in construction of urban safety space,Dalian should focus on improving traffic efficiency and the accessibility of green shelter to enhance urban security. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Regional Difference of InboundTourism Efficiency in Henan Province based on DEA – ESDA 2019, 28(1): 111-120.  Abstract ( )   PDF (778KB) ( )   Scientific evaluation of urban tourism efficiency has a certain value for the city to optimize the allocation of tourism resources and develop tourism development strategy. Efficiency of urban tourism resources allocation was measured in 18 prefecture level cities in Henan province from 2010 to 2015 by DEA, and temporal-spatial differences and formation mechanism of urban tourism efficiency was studied by ESDA.. The results show that: (1) The comprehensive efficiency of urban tourism resources allocation in Henan Province is lower than that of pure technical efficiency, which shows scale of production and output of tourism resources don't match, so the scale was needed to adjust. (2)Northwest of Henan in Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Luoyang urban tourism efficiency is high, while the cental and the southwest in Pingdingshan, Nanyang and Xinyang of that is low. The overall spatial pattern is north high south low. (3) Henan province urban tourism efficiency is high and high agglomeration areas are mainly Zhengzhou Jiaozuo and Xinxiang. The spatial correlation of urban tourism efficiency is smaller. The number of urban agglomeration characteristics is not significant reached more than 77.78%.(4)In the capital input, Pingdingshan, Nanyang and Xinyang have bigger adjustment, which respectively need to reduce 20,63,21 star hotel and 3.7754, 1.8020, 1.1859 billion accommodation and catering industry investment of the fixed assets. In the labor input, Zhoukou, Zhumadian and Xinyang need to adjust the magnitude of the maximum, which respectively need to reduce 270.77, 230.28 and 198.50 thousand staff of accommodation and catering industry. (5)Economic development, natural resources, information technology and opening up are the positive effection factors for tourism efficiency in Henan province, that information technology has the biggest effection. The traffic conditions and urbanization are the negative factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial organization and geographic embeddedness of “Taobao Village” in China 2019, 28(1): 121-129.  Abstract ( )   PDF (708KB) ( )   Based on the data of “Taobao Village” in 2015, we used spatial analysis and logical deduction to start our research. Firstly, we analyzed its spatial distribution and spatial organization pattern, and inferred that “Taobao Village” should have geographic embeddedness. Secondly, we used the cost-price analysis confirmed their geographic embeddedness; in the finally part, we found out the source of its geographic embeddedness is the industry embeddedness of “Taobao Village” products’ . This study found: at the six levels about nation, province, city, county and rural area, the distributions of “Taobao Village” all are uneven and have obvious cluster characteristic; the spatial organization patterns of online shopping involve two space forms, two flows and five main bodies; according to the access to products and the distribution of the producers, we summarized four spatial organization patterns of “Taobao Village”: Products produced and sold by sellers, products produced by their own village’s factories, Products produced by their surrounding villages and without professional market, Products produced by their surrounding villages and professional market offer them to sellers; products which Taobao villages sale are what have absolute advantage in their region or what are more competi1tive at their costs; the sources of “Taobao Village” products’ geographic embeddedness are natural embeddedness of “Taobao Village”, social embeddedness of “Taobao Village” and the combination embeddedness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2019, 28(1): 130-138.  Abstract ( )   PDF (657KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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International Comparison of Efficiency of Health Investment and Analysis of Influencing Factors 2019, 28(1): 139-148.  Abstract ( )   PDF (703KB) ( )   It’s very important to evaluate efficiency of health investment scientifically for building the Healthy China. The method of DEA was used to measure the efficiency of health investment in 59 countries from 1997 to 2015. On the basis, the development pattern of the world was portrayed, and the result showed the development status and development law of the efficiency of health investment in China. After that, panel Tobit model was used to find the social and economic factors those affect the efficiency. The results firstly show that the pure technical efficiency of health investment of China is low, and the scale efficiency gets middling rankings. The interaction between them leads to a low level of comprehensive technology efficiency. The development speed of comprehensive technology efficiency is low. Secondly, the scale efficiency of China presents a U-shaped curve relative to the pure technical efficiency. Thirdly, innovation capacity, service industry productivity, income gap, natural environment quality and population affect the efficiency of health investment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Spatio-temporal Behaviors of Self-driving Tourists Based on GPS Data: A Case Study of Tibet 2019, 28(1): 149-160.  Abstract ( )   PDF (823KB) ( )   Under the background of increasingly blurred travelling and sightseeing, using GPS trajectory data to explore the spatial behaviors and temporal constraints of self-driving tourists in a large scale is of great significance for planning and designing tourist routes and tourism products. Taking the self-driving tourist hotspot - Tibet Autonomous Region as the study area, this paper collected 6748 footprints and 924 trajectories from Six Feet platform through Python, road data from Open Street Map (OSM), 540 Points of Interest (POI) from Baidu map. Methods like seasonal strength index, multi-ring buffer and kernel density were used to perform analysis on the spatio-temporal behaviors of self-driving tourists. Results show that: (1) tourists are mainly distributed along the traffic network in southern Tibet. The natural landscape around the national road has obvious appeal to self-driving tourists; (2) the number of tourists decrease in a power-function way as the distance from scenic spots increases, revealing that some tourists gather around the scenic spots. However, their distance is relatively large, and the landscape along the way has become an important tourist attraction; (3) during the year, influenced by the seasonal climate and natural environment, tourists travel mainly in summer and autumn around the developed cities, such as Lhasa and Linzhi. There are significant differences in driving speed in different seasons, and the relationship is autumn>summer>spring and winter; (4) during the day, under the constraints of eating, sleeping and other circadian rhythms and entertainment needs, tourists will stay at parking lots, service stations, roads with beautiful scenery and famous attractions. The overall rhythm of the tourism activities is a combination of moving and staying, and moving occupies most of the time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2019, 28(1): 161-174.  Abstract ( )   PDF (767KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Hotspots, Progress and Inspiration of High-speed Rail Tourism Research 2019, 28(1): 175-186.  Abstract ( )   PDF (755KB) ( )   Traffic is the basic condition of tourism activities, and its impact on tourism has been a hot question of the academic research. As a new means of transport, high-speed rail has outstanding passenger capacity, its impact on tourism activities are highlighted. So, the attention of domestic and international scholars on high-speed rail travel is also increasing rapidly. Through the analysis of relevant research results, this paper draws a conclusion by using the method of bibliometrics, text analysis and social network analysis to analyze the document headings and keywords of the related literatures of high-speed rail tourism research at home and abroad.The conclusion is four research hot spots, respectively is " high-speed rail impact on the accessibility of research ", " high-speed rail impact on tourism research", " high-speed rail impact on tourism spatial structure research" and " high-speed rail on the impact of tourists ".This paper summarizes the four research hotspots and the research progress of high-speed rail tourism both domestic and international, and compares the differences between Chinese and foreign research, and puts forward the prospect and enlightenment of the future research of China 's high-speed rail tourism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Characteristics and Determinants of World Heritages in Italy 2019, 28(1): 187-196.  Abstract ( )   PDF (762KB) ( )   Analyzing world heritages in other country is an effective way to learn the heritage and understand other’s advantages in heritage study. Based on the UNESCO World Heritage Center's official website and various related data, this study uses statistical methods and GIS spatial analysis to study world heritages of Italy, which has the most heritages in the world. Results of the analysis indicate: 1) The application for its heritage starts early around the world, what can be traced back to the second batch of World Heritage Lists in 1979. The selection time of heritage projects was mainly concentrated in the 1990s, and the number of entries has stabilized since the 21st century; 2) In terms of spatial distribution, heritage projects are agglomerate and clustered mainly in the north (Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna), central (Toscana, Lazio) and southern (Campania, Sicily), and these areas are plain or coastal areas; 3) In terms of time, the world heritages of Italy are basically originated from the early civilization, Roman times, Middle Ages, Renaissance and modern times. Among them, the most heritage projects are originated from the Renaissance which is the most glorious period during Italy history; 4) In terms of attributes, most of the heritages are in the form of Historical Towns and Village, Cultural Landscape Parks and Gardens, and Historic Buildings (Ensembles), and most of them reflect urban planning and religion. These features are mainly related to Italy’s geographical environment, historical culture and protection from many aspects. Finally we obtained suggestions and experience for the excavation, application, development and protection of China's world heritages from the research on Italy. China should pay attention to its most glorious historical period and unite other countries when discovering and applying for World Heritage. In order to develop and protect world heritage, the government should also establish a perfect legal system and mobilize various forces for contributing to the inheritance of world civilization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2019, 28(1): 196-207.  Abstract ( )   PDF (711KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial structure and optimization of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Shanxi Province 2019, 28(1): 208-213.  Abstract ( )   PDF (729KB) ( )   In this paper, 182 demonstrative points of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Shanxi province and above are taken as the research object. Based on the tools of ArcGis10.0 and Coreldraw, a variety of quantitative methods are used to analyze the spatial analysis from the distribution type, the concentration degree, the distribution center of gravity and so on. The spatial distribution characteristics of Shanxi leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration point: the spatial distribution type belongs to the condensed type, the regional distribution equilibrium is very low, the spatial distribution "large dispersion, small agglomeration", the spatial distribution "cold" and "hot" differentiation is obvious, showing the three density regions of "high, medium and low". Through the analysis of the spatial correlation of the natural elements such as terrain, rivers, transportation, central city, high level scenic area, population, economy, and agricultural basic elements, using the point axis model and the theory of growth pole, combining the resource characteristics of rural tourism in Shanxi province and the development requirements of the "three major plates" of Shanxi tourism, The optimization of the spatial structure of Shanxi's leisure agriculture and rural tourism development is pointed out. References | Related Articles | Metrics