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15 June 2019, Volume 28 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Application of scenario analytical method in geopolitical environment from the perspective of China XIONG Chenran, WANG Limao, QU Qiushi, FANG Yebing, XIANG Ning 2019, 28(3): 1-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017350 Abstract ( )   PDF (647KB) ( )   China faces the most complex geopolitical environment, how to forecast the changing trends in geopolitical environment, service as China’s rising, which is an important issue to be answered urgently. However, geopolitical environment is uncertain, which is difficult to manage to use the simplified theories and quantitative methods. Under this background, this article attempts to introduce scenario analytical method to explain its applicability in geopolitical environment. Firstly, the article explains scenario analytical practiced functions in dealing with geopolitical environmental uncertainty and improving the disadvantages on forecast and explanation of the simplified theories. And then, the paper analyzes the driving factors of geopolitical environment change, namely under power shift, geopolitical actors take geopolitical imagination to make geopolitical practice so as to transform geopolitical status. Finally, using scenario analytical method analyzes China’s neighborhood geopolitical environment change. Potential emerged scenarios show as follows:1) four common scenarios, such as two superpowers competition and cooperation between China and U.S.A, five great powers game(China, America, Russia, Japan and India),some countries get double-interests between China and other great powers, Vietnam, Republic of the Philippines and North Korea flaunt their superiority.2) third emergency scenarios, namely territory disputes moves territory war, America and South Korea attach South Korea unclear test with military, Korean peninsula war triggers great powers conflict.3)building jointly“One Belt and One Road”to create“Community of Human Destiny”with Chinese neighboring countries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Geo-influence of the great powers in South America ZHANG Jing, TANG Qinghui, LIU Jianzhong, GONG Maoyu, YE Kaizhen 2019, 28(3): 11-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018075 Abstract ( )   PDF (967KB) ( )   With the implementation of China's "going out" strategy, the cooperation between China and South America has developed rapidly. South America is located between the South Atlantic and South Pacific. It is rich in oil, grain and mineral resources, and is an important energy and grain production base in the world. In recent years, The United States, European Union, Russia, Japan and other great powers have been highly concerned about and involved in the South American region, which has made the geopolitical environment very complex. As China deepens its cooperation with this region, it also takes into account the pressures of competition and intervention by other powers. Based on the geopolitical relations reality in South American, this paper analyzes geo-influence of the great powers from the perspectives of geopolitics, geo-economy, geo-culture and geo-military respectively, which provides an analytical idea for the interpretation of the complex geo-environment in South America. It shows that the great powers exert different geo-influence in South America, which is manifested by the different means and the significant differences between different countries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thought on China-US settlement of Korean nuclear issue from the perspective of "soft power" YANG Qifeng, XU Shumei, YANG Hai 2019, 28(3): 23-31.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018210 Abstract ( )   PDF (412KB) ( )   Joseph Nye emphasized that all countries should pay attention to the status of political agenda and diplomatic strategy in solving international problems, while the international community is always ignoring the political and security demands of North Korea in solving the DPRK nuclear issue, and the "hard power", which is dominated by deterrence and sanction, forces North Korea to "abandon its core". Based on the analysis of "soft power", this paper argues that: The state of war on the Korean peninsula is the root the DPRK nuclear issue and the basic starting point of North Korea's "owning nuclear weapon" or "abandon nuclear weapon". Although both countries are committed to the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, they differ significantly in their objectives, means and extent. To properly handle the differences between China and the DPRK on the nuclear issue is the key to future cooperation between the two countries. However, the DPRK’s active implementation of the resolutions of the "The Third Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central Committee" still requires multilateral coordination and joint efforts of the international community. Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban sprawl under the rapid growth of informal settlements ZHANG Jiaqi, CHEN Shuang, GAO Qun, Ismael A. Kimirei 2019, 28(3): 32-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017351 Abstract ( )   PDF (1846KB) ( )   The urban sprawl problem of Mwanza, the second largest city in Tanzania and among the fastest growing cities in Sub-Saharan Africa, has become increasingly prominent in recent years. Based on the land-use classification data(2000, 2010 and 2015), supplemented with field surveys, methods including GIS spatial analysis, elasticity ratio of urban land growth and landscape index were employed to study the pattern and influencing factors of urban sprawl for Mwanza. The findings indicated that: 1）Mwanza experienced rapid spatial growth mainly in the form of informal settlements during 2000 to 2015. Bare lands followed by vegetation were mostly occupied during the urban sprawl, and the encroachment on vegetation was accelerating. 2）The patterns of the sprawl mainly took place along the three major roads, and were dominated by corridor expansion, coupled with filling-up expansion, forming a finger-like urban spatial form. The compactness of the built-up area gradually decreased and its shape became irregular. 3）The urban sprawl showed obviously distance attenuation feature, and the expansion intensity was highest towards the southeast direction. 4）The urban sprawl of Mwanza was mainly influenced by the growth of the population and economy, the improvement of traffic condition, land system and the lack of effective planning. Strengthen the planning and construction of both secondary and local roads, and make timely, effective and context-based urban planning are recommended ways to curb further urban sprawl of Mwanza. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of China-Laos-Thailand Railway construction on spatial relation between cities along the route ZHANG Zhe, WANG Xiaomeng, JIANG Yuhao, WANG Jin, ZHANG Xin, LIU Shiying, ZHANG Lingzhi 2019, 28(3): 43-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017245 Abstract ( )   PDF (2351KB) ( )   Railway is imperative for upgrading native industrial structure, transforming economic structure, strengthening foreign trade as well as enhancing the influence of great powers. As the middle route of Pan-Asian Railway system, China-Laos-Thailand Railway (CR) plays a significant role in promoting cross-border cooperation between China, Laos and Thailand as well as enhancing the construction of China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor. Therefore, based on the regional development of natural barrier and non-barrier regions, this study chooses Yunnan Province in China, Laos and Thailand as the research area and selects 15 major cities along CR as the research objects. Based on the perspective of city flow network, by using Spatial Gravity model, Markov chain and Accessibility Analysis, the regional accessibility and the degree of inter-city linkages now were compared with those after the construction of CR. The results show that: 1) The construction of CR will make it easier to access natural barrier regions and promote the potential development ability in non-barrier regions. 2) The construction of CR will promote the regional accessibility of the study area comprehensively. Accessibility presents a pattern of decreasing radiation around CR. The improvements in accessibility, however, has little impact on natural barrier areas of Western Thailand and Eastern Laos. 3) The construction of CR will enhance the intensity of inter-city connection, realize the efficient reconfiguration of city flow network which grows from tree-like formation to lattice-like formation. The form of city network is more stable and mature. 4) In the process of network reconfiguration, the structure of city flow network is flatter and more dispersed, both the dispersion and dissipation of resources coexist, which makes the efficiency of inter-city linkages decrease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology and markets： Comparative study of Chinese and West European handicraft industry under the view of "Great Divergence"（7-14th Century） XIANG Lulin, ZHANG Jinpeng 2019, 28(3): 54-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018236 Abstract ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )   Although the Californian school ruled that the "Great Divergence" of the Chinese and western economies was in the late 18th century, there was no denying that the two sides had already buried many of the factors. By looking at the various aspects of the development of the handicraft industry in China and Western Europe in the 7th and 14th centuries, this paper holds that the development trajectories and characteristics of the two are similar, but the internal mechanism is still quite different: First, the technological innovation path is different as the driving force of development. The technological innovation of urban handicraft industry in China is mainly complicated and refined, while Western Europe develops along the path of mechanization and automation. The second is the market mechanism that affects the development space is different. The links between the various links and departments of the urban handicraft industry in Western Europe mainly depend on the regional foreign market or overseas market exchange. China is the center of the “Skinnerian Model" market, which provides handicraft products to the high market level by level. The difference between internal drive and external inducement force caused the "Great Divergence" in the economic fate of China and Western Europe after the industrial revolution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Visualization analysis on the research progress and hotspots of urban agglomeration in China WANG Manman, JIAO Xinying, ZHANG Lulu, SONG Jinping 2019, 28(3): 63-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017306 Abstract ( )   PDF (1827KB) ( )   Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization process has accelerated gradually and the agglomeration ability of urban agglomeration is increasing continuously. Therefore, the phenomenon has achieved great attentions of many research organizations and researchers. In this work, we focused on the research characteristics, core authors, star organizations and research hotspots and so on. These research situations of domestic urban agglomeration were summarized and reviewed based on CiteSpace, VOSviewer and other visualization tools, which can give a reference to future research. The research conclusions can be summarized as follows: The development speed of domestic urban agglomeration research was slow in early stage and became rapid in later stage. A large number of core authors have emerged and formed cooperative networks centered on these authors. The number of papers published increased greatly after 2005, and at the top of the list are these star research institutions: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, School of Environment of Northeast Normal University, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology. The theme and content of urban agglomeration research are constantly enriched, the research methods and techniques are keep improving, and more and more quantitative models are used. The research hotspots are focused on "spatial structure", "economic connection", "urbanization", "modeling", and the focus of research region starts to turn from southeast coast towards inland. Finally, the paper reviews and comments on the study of Chinese urban agglomeration, and looks forward to the future research contents, data methods and practice level of urban agglomerations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial and temporal characteristics and location factors of Guangdong's Outward Foreign Direct Investment LI Zhihui, ZHANG Hongou, YE Yuyao, HUANG Gengzhi, SU Yongxian, WANG Zhihua 2019, 28(3): 75-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017372 Abstract ( )   PDF (2248KB) ( )   In view of the increasing growth of Guangdong's Outward Foreign Direct Investment in recent years, basing on the flow and stock data of Guangdong's OFDI from 2007 to 2015, this paper introduced the center of gravity model and analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of Guangdong's OFDI and the investment focus. On the basis of the OLS method, this paper analyzed the location factors of Guangdong's OFDI by combining the data of the international panel pf the host country from 2007 to 2015. The research shows that: (1) The distribution of investment is extremely uneven, mainly in Asia, focusing on tax evasion, investment center moving westward along the latitude 23 °as a whole, the main source of investment for the Pearl River Delta region; (2) The main body, industry, and the mode of Guangdong's OFDI, are in diversified trend, private enterprises are the main investment, investment focus is the tertiary industry, and cross-border mergers and acquisitions is active; (3) The market, the level of science and technology of the host country are the main factors influencing the investment in Guangdong, the impact of the host system is relatively small, and the correlation between the cost and the agglomeration factor is not significant. Related Articles | Metrics

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The low-carbon city evaluation and its spatial differentiation based on the DPSIR ZHANG Lijun, LI Ning, QIN Yaochen, ZHANG Jingfei, WANG Xia 2019, 28(3): 85-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017302 Abstract ( )   PDF (2316KB) ( )   Much research on the low-carbon city have weakness in systemically and dynamically estimating the low-carbon level of cites in various regions. This study attempts to fill this gap through establishing a comprehensive causal-effect framework analysis framework, which is the interaction of Driving forces-Pressures-State-Impacts- Responses (DPSIR) between human and the environment. The paper used the socioeconomic data, meteorological data, and carbon estimation data from bottom to top, and calculate the low-carbon development level to examine the low-carbon performance and its spatial differentiation. The results reveal that most of the 288 cities at prefecture level and above in China are at a relatively high carbon level. The low-carbon cities display a gradient distribution from the east, the middle to the west. And the low-carbon cities are clustered in Huhuanyong line, the southeast coastal urban agglomeration and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Low-carbon driving forces and low-carbon responses are important factors that determine the low-carbon development level of cities. The cities with higher level of low-carbon driving forces are mainly driven by R&D investment, socio-economic development, clean-energy development and/or urban compact development. The responses from low-carbon technology and low-carbon awareness are much more important to low-carbon city than that form low-carbon institution. Not all the low carbon pilot city have low-carbon performance. Cities with various low-carbon levels should select a local low-carbon development path based on the structural DPSIR inventories. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative analysis on the spatio-temporal changes of accessibility between Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area based on improved weight LIANG Chen, LI Yafei, DAI Fuqing 2019, 28(3): 95-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017269 Abstract ( )   PDF (1105KB) ( )   Beijing, Tianjin and cities of Hebei Province form an important urban agglomeration in Northern China. Integrating transportation networks is an efficient way to boost the development of this area. Based on the data of the most convenient traffic network of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in 2000 and 2015, using ArcGIS network analysis, the change of accessibility of nodes was detected. In the research method, we highlighted the most time-saving section of a traffic network system and weighted average travel time improved by degree centrality. The findings are as follows. The accessibility pattern of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area has changed greatly, with the overall accessibility upgraded, and the one hour transportation area expanded. The accessibility within the region decreases in the following order: central cities, eastern and southern cities, northern cities. Shift of transportation modes has greatly improved regional accessibility, with a weighted average travel time between cities generally reduced by more than 50 percent. And the rate of change in the central and southern cities in the region is much greater than that in northern cities. Accessibility of Zhangjiakou and Chengde were the lowest in the region, hindered by the mountain topography and transport infrastructure constraints. Related Articles | Metrics

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German innovation policy and its impact on regional development ZHANG Haina, ZENG Gang, ZHU Yiwen 2019, 28(3): 104-112.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018820 Abstract ( )   PDF (1184KB) ( )   Innovation gradually replaces capital and becomes a new driving force for regional development in the new era. Germany has been leading the world in scientific and technological innovation, with obvious advantages in regional development system. On the basis of understanding the history and current situation of German innovation development, this paper combs the characteristics of German innovation policy. Firstly, in terms of guiding ideology, it bid farewell to the old era of beggaring neighbors, opened a new era of taking neighbors as companions and being consistent with the outside world, bid farewell to the old era of greater scale and opened a new era of innovation; The old era of cost reduction opens a new era of attracting talents; secondly, in specific measures, various ways should be taken simultaneously to provide scientific and technological capital support; ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ should be combined to promote the development of innovation clusters; and technological intermediary service institutions should be the core to activate technological diffusion and innovation activities. Although China and Germany are at different stages of economic development, Germany's experience in high level design of innovation, ‘threshold’ research, open regional innovation system and construction of innovation alliance deserves our reference. Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal and spatial pattern evolution of listed companies on GEM in China ZHU Bangyao, BAI Xue, LI Guozhu, SHI Dan 2019, 28(3): 113-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017344 Abstract ( )   PDF (1476KB) ( )   The GEM listing corporations which are mainly in high technology industry, are typical representatives of China’s science and technology innovation-oriented enterprises. The spatial distribution pattern of the GEM reflects the spatial difference of China's regional innovation capability. This paper investigated the spatial pattern of listed companies on GEM in China from 2009 to 2015 at different spatial scales, using the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) based on ArcGIS and GeoDA platform, the spatial development tendency and the related influencing factors of regional innovation capacity were also probed. The results indicate that: 1) There is an obvious spatial aggregation tendency of listed companies on GEM in China. Regional innovation capacity shows a ladder level distribution. While innovation capacity of the eastern region is generally higher, innovation capacity of the central provinces is general, and innovation capacity of the northeast and western region is relatively low. The mean center of the listed companies on GEM is moving towards east and south, the migration rate is gradually slowing down. 2) The spatial distribution of listed companies on GEM exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation, and the spatial correlation degree of listed companies on GEM has shown a rising trend. 3) The hot spots gradually concentrated in Beijing and Tianjin, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta metropolitan. The hot spots and secondary hot spots scope is narrowing down. As a result, the innovation capacity disparities enlarged between the eastern and the central-western China. 4) The economic openness degree and the number of invention patens are the key factors affecting the spatial pattern of listed companies on GEM. The level of economic development and the level of higher education have little effect on the spatial distribution of listed companies on GEM. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of agglomeration externality on firm location choice XU Shiyan, GU Renxu, LIN Bingquan, XU Shuhui 2019, 28(3): 123-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018089 Abstract ( )   PDF (1692KB) ( )   Using the Chinese industrial enterprises database from 1998 to 2012, we analyze the spatial distribution of China’s auto supplier plants with the calculation results of the EG index. We find an obvious characteristic of China’s auto supplier plants’ agglomeration is along the sea and river although the distribution of enterprises tends to be homogeneous. The space imbalance of new auto supplier plants has a "high - low - high" trend and the areas along the Yangtze River Economic Zone is the hot areas for location choices of auto supplier start-ups. To analyze the location choice of new auto supplier plants, we build up the Poisson regression model based on the prefecture level data. The results indicate that: (1) localization economies is dominated by its own industry, which could significantly increase the possibility of new firms to enter. (2)When the localized economy reaches a certain level, there will be a crowing effect. (3) In addition to the influence of agglomeration externality, the new auto supplier plants are sensitive to land, transportation and domestic market potential factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of India’s biomedical industry policy and its enlightenment HE Zhengchu, LIU Yaru 2019, 28(3): 135-145.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018001 Abstract ( )   PDF (486KB) ( )   Together with information software industry and steel industry, biomedical industry is also among the pillar industries in the Indian economy and India possesses a world pharmacy reputation in the global drug market. The development of biomedical industry is highly dependent on government biomedical industry policy. The paper analyzes the present biomedical industry condition between China and India, and compares the biomedical industry policies between China and India in four aspects: industry structure policy, industry organization policy, industry layout policy and industry technology policy. We found that Indian biomedical industry’s development is superior to that of China though China has the similar development environment with India. By analyzing the promoting effect of Indian biomedical industry policy on its biomedical industry, and combining the existing development problems in Chinese biomedical industry, this paper included several policy recommendations about the development of Chinese biomedical industry: China shall attach importance to the training of large-scale enterprises, encourage enterprises to participate in international cooperation actively, do the work of information exchange within the industrial cluster and infrastructure services well, take the critical breakthrough principle to support R&D of biomedical industry, improve the application standards of Chinese medicine patents to enhance patent quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of spatial distribution of Chinese medicine manufacturing industry LI Qiaoxing, LI Yan 2019, 28(3): 146-154.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1105KB) ( )   By using the spatial statistics data of China medicine manufacturing and combining with the relevant data of 31 provinces in the mainland China, we utilized the analysis method of GIS spatial statistics to establish the evaluation model of industrial layout, and then studied the spatial distribution characteristics and the influencing factors of industrial layout as well as the comprehensive layout of 31 provinces in mainland China. The results showed that: Firstly, the enterprise number in southeast China is much more than that in the northwest, which fits the Heihe-Tengchong as the dividing line. Secondly, the influence factors of industrial layout include three subsystems of society, economy and nature, and to optimize the industry layout could improve the development level of each sub-system and promote the balanced development of the three subsystems. Thirdly, the manufacture industry of China medicine in the eastern coastal areas as well as the extension areas to coastal inland in China develops well and its distribution is reasonable. However, both the comprehensive layout index and the coordination index of the manufacture industry in the western region of China were lower, which showed that the development level is worse and the distribution is unbalanced for the manufacturing industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial agglomeration and evolution of game industry in Shanghai YE Zhong, CHU Jinfeng, GU Yi 2019, 28(3): 155-162.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018034 Abstract ( )   PDF (1255KB) ( )   Based on the spatio-temporal data of game enterprises in Shanghai from 2006 to 2016, this article analyzes the spatial agglomeration and evolution of game industry in Shanghai using ArcGIS10.2 and Crimestat3.3, and reveals the main factors that influence its spatial agglomeration. The results show：(1) The spatial agglomeration feature of Shanghai game enterprises is obvious, and the evolution of "dual core agglomeration" to "single core agglomeration" is presented. (2) There is a double trend of agglomeration and diffusion of game enterprises. As the enterprises spread to the periphery of Jiading and other cities, agglomeration of Pudong and Xuhui is further strengthened. (3) The intensity of agglomeration between the main agglomeration areas is positively correlated with the size of agglomeration. (4) The factors that affect the spatial agglomeration of game enterprises in Shanghai are multifaceted. The spatial location demand of enterprises is the basic factor. The spatial location requirements of enterprises are the basic factors for the location of enterprises. Government policies and planning are important guiding factors in attracting and changing the spatial pattern of enterprises. The advantages of talents and capital in industrial bases and parks have become another important reason for the agglomeration of game enterprises. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on spatial pattern of consumer service industry in Changsha based on POI data RAN Zhao, ZHOU Guohua, WU Jiamin, TANG Chengli, YUAN Zengguang 2019, 28(3): 163-172.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018225 Abstract ( )   PDF (3218KB) ( )   Consumer service industry is an important part of service economy, and its rational distribution plays an important role in developing urban economy and meeting the consumption demand of residents.As an important point data representing urban spatial facilities, poi is a new data source to study the characteristics of urban spatial pattern. Based on poi data, the spatial pattern of consumer service industry in Changsha was studied by using the methods of kernel density analysis, entropy index, frequency density analysis and spatial clustering. It is found that the consumer service industry of Changsha is mainly influenced by traffic and urban planning. The whole distribution is "one core, four axes, multi-polarity", and the spatial distribution is closely related to population concentration, and the difference between east and west is obvious;The distribution characteristics of different types of consumer service industry are different, which are mainly "single core", "double core" and "multi-core" in spatial form. The distribution of functional diversity is characterized by the central periphery structure at the core of the Wuyi Square. The areas with diverse functions and high degree of mixing are located in the central city, and the consumer service industry in the peripheral area is weak and most of them are single-function or dual-function mixed areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal characteristics of industry relying type “Taobao Village” and its influencing factors REN Xiaoxiao, DING Jianghui, JIN Zihan 2019, 28(3): 173-182.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018093 Abstract ( )   PDF (1281KB) ( )   Taobao Village is the phenomenon that Taobao sellers gather in some villages during the development of electronic commerce in rural areas. In recent years, Taobao villages have developed rapidly in rural areas, and some Taobao villages have become a new engine to drive the development of county economy. Taobao village has attracted much attention by causing changes in social economy and other aspects in rural areas. This paper takes cashmere Industry agglomeration area of Hebei Province as a case study. Using the methods of ArcGIS spatial analysis, this paper discusses the spatial and temporal development characteristics of “Taobao Village” based on the development of the local industry in the county and try to figure out the influencing factors. The results indicate that: (1) The cashmere industry is the leading industry in Qinghe County and Nangong City in Hebei province. Its development mainly experienced two periods: the traditional cashmere industry cluster period and the transformation and upgrading period from traditional cashmere industry to e-commerce industry. (2) The spatial and temporal diffusion process of “Taobao Village” in Qinghe County can be roughly divided into three stages: Initial Development, Rapid Development and Steady Development; centered with Donggaozhuang Village, “Taobao Village” spreads in a circular way to the periphery through progressive and saltatory model, and finally forms a kind of space distribution of “gathering in a small scale and dispersing in a large scale”. The spread of “Taobao Village” has a strong radiation effect on the adjacent Nangong City, showing the spatial characteristics, that is, the diffusion happens in the adjacent areas, or develops along the traffic axis of the two counties. And the diffusion intensity gradually decreases with the increase of distance. At present, the radiation range of “Taobao Village” is only related to the region in northeast Qinghe county and the region in southeast Nangong city, while the other regions of the two counties have not yet appeared “Taobao Village”. (3) Homo habilis effect, social network relations in this rural area, as well as strong industrial basis, traffic conditions and government support promote the vigorous development of e-commerce in the county. Related Articles | Metrics

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Space practicing of women Muslim at religious place in China’s metropolis LI Peng, YE Huiyue, HUANG Yiheng 2019, 28(3): 183-193.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2018129 Abstract ( )   PDF (729KB) ( )   With the viewpoint of Spatial Dynamics and Dialectics, this article reexamines the female Muslim religious spaces in China. Through the Muslim women’s action and practice, Guangzhou’s Xiananian Mosque demonstrates different meaning of place. It is not only the sacred space defined by history as well as Quran and Islam classic texts, but also the daily living space where can be reproduce constantly by multiple practices of Muslim women. Effected by the cultural diversity in globalizing Guangzhou, the female Muslim immigrant groups at the Sage Mosque break the traditional patriarchal institutions and turn to the public religion activities to cognize Islam. The Muslim women’s self-learning about Islam and daily practices in Xianxian Mosque formed a more comprehensive and progressive religious concept which is beneficial to them to increase the level of ethnic identity simultaneously. Meanwhile, on one hand, the daily practice in the female Muslim religious space provides rich social capital for the female Muslim to integrate themselves into a new city. On the other hand, these practice enable a part of female Muslim to become participants in the globalization process. To some extent, both aspects contribute to the advancement of the social status of female Muslim Immigrant in the China’s big city. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tourist interpretation of place meaning in Kaiping Diaolou and Villages JIANG Ting, ZHANG Chaozhi 2019, 28(3): 194-201.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017401 Abstract ( )   PDF (527KB) ( )   Home and heritage is a pair of concepts mutually exclusive to each other. However, when home is empowered as heritage, the meaning of space experiences the process of reconstruction. Different groups make different meaning for one place, home is considered as a place of living for local residents while treated as heritage for red education for local government. But how it was understood by tourists, a group participating the process of meaning-making essential to the institutional system of interpretation, remains unknown. Therefore, the paper aims to explore what kinds of meaning a place with controversial attributes has for tourists, and how the meaning of home and heritage connected to each other. Kaiping Diaolou and Villages was used as a study case. Participant observation and interview methods were used for data collection and secondary data were also collected as supplement. The findings are: For tourists, Kaiping Diaolou and Villages is not only home with luxury and crisis but also the heritage of architecture and spirit. It was regarded as home because of the existence of living trance, and thought as a heritage for the empowerment. Home and heritage are connected to each other by time, emotion and economy. What behind it is a feeling of patriotism. The paper contributes to understand how conflicting meanings coexist in common space and helps to find ways to solve realistic contradiction of home and heritage in heritage protection and utilization. Related Articles | Metrics

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An international review on coopetition relations between Online Travel Agencies and traditional tourism enterprises SHENG Lei 2019, 28(3): 202-212.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017394 Abstract ( )   PDF (555KB) ( )   In the past two years, news of the discord between OTAs and traditional tourism enterprises increased. Whether it is OTAs to snatch resources or traditional tourism enterprises to upgrade, making the competition between the two sides have become more obvious. In fact, as an important online marketing channel, OTAs are one of the important partners in the traditional tourism enterprises. As a result, the relevant research gradually increased. Foreign literatures included three aspects from the cooperation, competition and balance of coopetition between OTAs and hotels, airlines and other traditional tourism enterprises, mainly focused on the problems of the coopetition between OTAs and hotels, attached importance to empirical analysis and the construction of model, and proposed the ideas of balance of coopetition from the aspects of market segmentation, pricing and room allocation for airlines and hotels. It is suggested that the follow-up analysis of the changes in the cooperation model between OTAs and traditional tourism enterprises should be strengthened in the future, focusing on the game relationship study between OTAs and scenic spots, restaurants and other tourism suppliers. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on spatio-temporal behavior of international tourists in Uzbekistan based on User Generated Content SU Hongxia, ZHANG Xue, AI Xin, HAO Guohua 2019, 28(3): 213-222.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.03.2017365 Abstract ( )   PDF (1102KB) ( )   This paper studies Uzbekistan international tourists and it collects Geo-referenced photos on the Flickr website as the research data, using the method of statistical analysis of time variation, kernel density analysis, tracking analysis to process the research data and represent it spatially and temporally. In conclusion, firstly, the number of international tourists visiting to Uzbekistan and the number of photos taken by tourists increase year by year, showing a trend of "M" type within twelve months of a year, and the photos taken change within a day in accordance with the time pattern of human activity; secondly, the photos are distributed along the main traffic line, hot spots tend to concentrate in central cities with rich tourism resources where traffic radiates outwards to other cities. International tourists mainly move among Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva, radiating from the four hub cities to other cities. Meanwhile, the hot spots area and trajectory also change along with tourists’ length of stay. Related Articles | Metrics