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15 August 2019, Volume 28 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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A comparative study of Sino-US science and technology competitiveness DU Debin, DUAN Dezhong, XIA Qifan 2019, 28(4): 1-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018851 Abstract ( )   PDF (2580KB) ( )   Based on the elaboration of national scientific competitiveness, this paper builds the national science competitiveness evaluation system from 5 aspects, including scientific human resource competitiveness, scientific and financial resources competitiveness, scientific research competitiveness, technological innovation competitiveness and technology internationalization competitiveness, with specific comparison of science and technology development between China and the United States. Studies show that even though China has enhanced the scientific competitiveness, the United States surpasses China in both overall competitiveness and individual area like scientific investment, scientific research, technical innovation, and globalization of science and technology. For China, there is still a long way to improve scientific competitiveness further. After analyzing the present situation and the development trend of the scientific competitiveness between China and the United States, the paper believes that China should not only learn from the powerful and advanced scientific nations like the United States with new reforming and opening, but also be aware of self-weaknesses. China should stick to the two-wheel driver of scientific innovation and systematic innovation, the organic combination of development speed and the innovation quality, the mutual promotion of individual innovation and the open innovation, the innovation strategy focusing on quality and result, the enhancement of basic scientific research, the breakthrough of critical and core technology, the attraction of advanced scientific and innovative talents , so that the national scientific competitiveness could accelerate rapidly and continuously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial evolution of Sino-US inter-city scientific and technological cooperation network XU Jiaqi, LIANG Bin, LIU Chengliang, DU Debin 2019, 28(4): 12-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018850 Abstract ( )   PDF (3948KB) ( )   Knowledge and technology are important characterizations of technological innovation. Sino-US scientific & technological competition and cooperation have become the hotspot and frontier of world economic geography. We integrates data excavation, knowledge measurement, social network and GIS spatial analysis methods in this paper. From the three dimensions of paper collaboration, patent cooperation and patent transaction, we describe the spatial evolution of Sino-US scientific & technological cooperation network: (1) Cities participating in bilateral scientific and technological cooperation between China and the United States continue to grow, but American cities still occupy a dominant position；(2) The cities participating in scientific and technological cooperation are those with more research institutes and stronger innovation capabilities, and this pattern maintains time inertia and spatial flexibility; (3) The spatial distribution of paper and patent cooperation is relatively scattered, while the transfer of patent has significant spatial agglomeration and is highly concentrated in a few science& technology innovation centers; (4) The hub cities of science & technology innovation and cooperation in China are highly concentrated in the southeast coast, Hong Kong and Macao, while the United States has obvious contact diffusion characteristics; (5) The urban science & technology cooperation between China and US is shifting to a reticular structure. The paper collaboration network evolute from three-core to quad-core. More cities participating in patent cooperation, and highly dependent on individual hub cities; (6) China more depend on the patent of US，and it continues to deepen; while the United States is the opposite. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative research of industrial technology innovation capability between China and the United States DUAN Dezhong, DU Debin, ZHANG Yang 2019, 28(4): 24-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018852 Abstract ( )   PDF (3979KB) ( )   Based on the IPC-NAICS identification system from patent category to industry classification, and taking equipment manufacturing industry and information and communications industry as case, this paper compares and analyzes the differences in technological innovation capabilities between China and the United States in equipment manufacturing industry and information and communications industry. The study shows that: (1) The industry technological innovation capability of China's equipment manufacturing has rapidly improved, but it is significantly behind the United States in terms of the overall technological innovation capability of the equipment manufacturing industry and the technological innovation capabilities of the four sub-sectors of mechanical equipment, medical equipment, transportation equipment and electrical equipment. (2) The industry technological innovation capability of China's information and communications has caught up with the United States rapidly, especially in the communications equipment industry. However, the gap between China and the United States in the three sub-industries of computer, semiconductor and instrument measurement is still significant. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the strength of Sino-Africa agricultural trade and its international status LUAN Yibo, CAO Guiying, SHI Peijun 2019, 28(4): 35-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2017314 Abstract ( )   PDF (3239KB) ( )   In recent years, the agricultural cooperation between mainland China and Africa becomes more frequent. Trade of Sino-Africa agricultural products has attracted more attention. However, there are still lacking horizontal and horizontal comparison between Sino-Africa agricultural trade and African agricultural trade with others. We use FAOSTAT Trade Matrix data to systematically analyze the historical change of the strength of Sino-Africa agricultural trade and its international status. The results show that: 1)despite the rising import and export values of African agricultural products, their shares of world trade value have been hovering low and have no significant change; 2)The insignificant international status of Sino-Africa agricultural trade has not been changed; Europe and America are still Africa’s main trading partners; 3)Most African countries’ trades with mainland China are being small values and low frequency; 4)Countries such as South Africa, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Mali, Nigeria, Algeria, Madagascar, Mauritania and Niger not only have large agricultural land resources, but also have historical bases of agricultural trade with mainland China comparatively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intellectual support of study on ASEAN in China under the background of "Belt and Road" Initiative GAO Xuanyu, MENG Yu, JIA Dandan, FENG Zhongjiang, LIU Chao 2019, 28(4): 44-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018293 Abstract ( )   PDF (963KB) ( )   As an important hub of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road", ASEAN plays an increasingly important role in the "Belt and Road" initiative. By combing the mechanism of ASEAN's research on intellectual support and the “Belt and Road” initiative, the “five links”, using the method of bibliometrics and spatial analysis, respectively, the research institutions, research talents, research methods, research results, language professional training of ASEAN countries and The multi-angle analysis of the contact mechanism aims to reveal the status quo and problems of ASEAN research under the “Belt and Road Initiative” and propose corresponding countermeasures. The results show that the status quo and problems of ASEAN research intellectual support are as follows: 1)The number of intellectual support institutions facing ASEAN is small, the foundation is insufficient, and the geographical distribution is uneven; 2)The intellectual support talents are insufficiently constructed, and the domestic platform is the main one, showing “relative concentration. 3) The characteristics of macro-distribution; 3. The methods and achievements of intellectual support, the narrow focus of attention, the uneven distribution of disciplines, and the less use of quantitative methods; 4)The support of non-universal language, the lack of language academic connection, and the lack of language academic connection. There is less language talent training; 5)The lack of platform construction of the intellectual support contact mechanism, and the influence of the geo-environment-led thinking. Based on the status quo and problems of intellectual support in ASEAN, it is proposed in order to integrate and optimize the organization, attach importance to the training of talents and employment, break the barriers of disciplines, optimize the quality of results, strengthen the training and convergence of non-universal language talents, and build an effective communication platform. Targeted countermeasures are recommended. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal coupling analysis between COFDI performance and investment environment in BRIC countries LI Lingjun, CHEN Ying, ZHOU Jin 2019, 28(4): 55-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018184 Abstract ( )   PDF (505KB) ( )   China’s direct investment(COFDI) in BRIC countries has risen rapidly since 2005. It’s beneficial to promote China’s investment through studying the relationship between COFDI and investment environment in BRIC countries. Measuring the ability of introducing and utilizing investment in BRIC countries by calculating the COFDI performance index, the paper selected 26 indications from political, economic, social, technological and educational aspects to evaluate the investment environment by entropy weight method. The scores reflect the level of investment environment. Finally, a coupling and coordinative model between COFDI and investment environment is established, which could be used to explore spatio-temporal evolution of the coupling and coordinative discipline. The result shows that the coupling difference in BRIC countries was small, and Russia had the highest coupling degree, which was called medium rankings, and other countries are inferior, which fluctuated between lower and medium associations. The difference of coordinative degree was evident. The best was South Africa that could reach to primary coordination even superior coordination, Russia was fluctuated between the brink of imbalance to coordination, Brazil and India are basically lagging behind other countries which are always maladjusted. The study provide the enlightenment and reference for China to further invest in BRIC countries. Related Articles | Metrics

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An emotional geopolitical research on films: Taking three Chinese overseas military operations themed films as examples CHENG Guoyu, AN Ning, LIN Mingliang 2019, 28(4): 65-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2019066 Abstract ( )   PDF (2011KB) ( )   Taking emotional geopolitics as the perspective, this paper analyses three films (Wolf Warriors II, Operation Red Sea and Operation Mekong)about Chinese military operations abroad and the audience’s comments on the film in the Douban Film Forum. In order to understand the geopolitical narratives in films and the audience’s emotional “reading” of such films, this paper using visual analysis, narrative deconstruction and NVivo analysis methods, tries to deconstruct how such films affect the “emotion” in the cognition of geopolitical relations. The study found: First, such films are related geopolitical topics to reality, which enlarge and transmit geopolitical emotions through the adaptation and rewriting of geopolitical events. Secondly, film has been becoming a new media of mainstream values. It uses the interaction between the audience and the film narrative to produce meaning and acts on the dimension of “emotion”. Finally, the body is an important carrier of national emotions. The auditory and visual stimulation of films and online interactive audience's comments are important ways to awaken and maintain national emotions and produce geopolitical forces. The contribution of this paper lies in the intersection of emotional geopolitics and films. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience of London smart city construction and its enlightenment to Shanghai CHU Tianjiao 2019, 28(4): 76-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018830 Abstract ( )   PDF (757KB) ( )   Using digital technology and artificial intelligence to improve the level of public service and social governance and to find a new way of super-large city management with Chinese characteristics is an important task of Shanghai's smart city construction. As the world's leading practitioner of smart city construction, London has made active exploration in highlighting people and enterprises as the core, making full use of urban data to improve public service level, building digital technology and artificial intelligence highland, and has made fruitful progress. This paper reviews London's specific practices from the above three aspects, summarizes its successful experience, and puts forward some suggestions to promote the construction of smart cities with data as the core combining with Shanghai's current situation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Knowledge structure of emergency shelters research: An analysis based on WoS and Citespace map TANG Bo, QIU Jin‘an 2019, 28(4): 85-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018191 Abstract ( )   PDF (4623KB) ( )   Emergency shelters is one of the important research objects in urban risk and public safety. Based on 2472 literatures related to emergency shelters which are retrieved from the Web of Science core database in the past 30 years, Firstly, statistical the time and journals distribution, and then the Citespace visualization software is used to analyze from author,institution,country,keyword and discipline. As a result, In the past 30 years, emergency evacuation has been get through three stages: slowly explored、steady development and high-speed development; The study group is more and academic exchanges are closer; United States and China are the countries with the largest number of literatures; Louisiana State University and University of Science and Technology of China are main research institutions; The main issues are including natural disaster, emergency medicine, engineering technology; From the key words perspective, the target occupants of emergency shelters mainly focus on disaster relief and socially disadvantaged groups, the research perspective has evolved from a single problem and event to an integrated system, research methods have shifted from qualitative methodological models to dynamic mechanisms and information system development, In terms of research content, it pays attention to multidisciplinary and micro-scales, emphasizing case studies and information sharing, and emphasizing the management of emergency shelters; The disciplines are mainly engineering and public environment and health. In the context of building a resilient city, it is of great significance to use international experience to build a research and management system for emergency evacuation sites in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and influencing factors of spatial evolution of polluting manufacturing LIU Yan, ZHAO Haixia 2019, 28(4): 96-104.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018095 Abstract ( )   PDF (1277KB) ( )   Pollution-intensive manufacturing industries play an important role in the economic development of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River economic belt. This paper selected 83 prefecture-level cities in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River economic belt as the units, analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of the polluting manufacturing industries from 2005 to 2015, conclusions are as follows:①The pollution-intensive manufacturing industries had been declining in the downstream area, while increasing in the middle reaches. As for the spatial pattern, the pollution-intensive industries had spread from Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou to the middle reaches of Anhui, Jiujiang, Jingzhou and Changsha.②Environmental regulation and upgrading of industrial structure are the main driving forces for the evolution of the spatial pattern of polluting manufacturing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Economic development and government regulation have important effects on promoting the spatial agglomeration of pollution-intensive manufacturing. There are negative correlations between traditional industry location factors such as factor cost, infrastructure and market factors.③Level of economic development, government regulation, and innovation capability are the main pulling forces for the agglomeration of the pollution-intensive manufacturing in the middle reaches of the region. Environmental regulations, industrial structure upgrading, economic development, government regulation and innovation capabilities have an obvious effect on the attenuation of the pollution-intensive manufacturing in the lower reaches, especially the regional economic integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the forced effect of environmental regulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolutional trends of population spatial distribution in western under-developed city CHEN Hao, QUAN Dongji, ZHAO Xinzheng, HE Jinlu 2019, 28(4): 105-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018117 Abstract ( )   PDF (1870KB) ( )   In contrast with eastern developed cities，revealing the spatial pattern and evolutional characteristics of population in western under-developed cities means a lot. It is also conducive to understanding the urban population distribution pattern and guiding it in an orderly way. Based on the spatialization of population data at township and street level, with the methods of deformed elliptical circle, GIS spatial analysis, population density model and so on, this paper revealed the spatial pattern and evolutional characteristics of population in Lanzhou during 2000-2010. The results show:①The population density distribution of Lanzhou showed “band agglomeration” feature and “circle-difference” structure, forming a pattern of “the population grew slowly in central region and inner suburbs, grew rapidly in peripheral region, and reduced significantly in outer suburbs”. ②The population center of gravity moved towards north-east during the ten years. And the population spatial distribution showed “northwest-southeast” pattern, representing agglomeration trends, which was strengthened during the ten years. ③Smeed model was the best single-center model to describe the population distribution of Lanzhou. The single-center trends of population distribution strengthened during the ten years, while the population polycentric structure was not in evidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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The difference of the contribution of industrial structure transformation to economic growth of renewable resource-based cities in China ZHENG Ziyan, QIU Fangdao, WANG Litao 2019, 28(4): 115-123.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018245 Abstract ( )   PDF (845KB) ( )   By adopting the multiple industries economic model and shift-share analysis, the paper analyzes the heterogeneity characteristics of the economic growth contribution of regenerated urban industrial structure transformation in China from 1995 to 2015. Furthermore, it explores the heterogeneity of contribution in different industries to economic growth. The following conclusions are drawn: The changes in the industrial structure of the Chinese renewable resources were diminishing their contribution to economic growth. On the structural effect, the contribution rate of the second industrial structure of China's renewable resource-based cities to economic growth showed a trend of fluctuating decreasing, but the third industry showed the opposite trend. The big cities showed significant performance. On the net competition effect, the contribution rate of the net competitive effect of the second industry to economic growth was at a disadvantage. Yet the third industry turned inferiority into advantage and showed a trend of increasing, especially in small cities. In terms of the location effect, the contribution rates of the secondary and third industries to economic growth were both at a disadvantage and showed a trend of decreasing, and the spatial interdependence effect was gradually reduced, among which the secondary industry location effect of forest industry cities was the most disadvantageous. "Structural slowdown" has become the dominant factor in the transformation and development of regenerated resource-based cities, and the promotion of structural reforms on the supply side due to local conditions and type has become an important path for sustainable development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial aggregation and spatiao-temporal pattern of talents in China during 2000-2015 ZHANG Bo 2019, 28(4): 124-133.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018169 Abstract ( )   PDF (4488KB) ( )   Based on data from 31 provinces in mainland China in 2000-2015, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, regional agglomeration and spatial-temporal evolution pattern of talent with talent density by using Metrology Geography. The results show that: (1) The distribution of talent in 31 provinces showed non-randomness and spatially non-equilibrium. Talents mainly gathered in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Presented a spatial pattern with “Π”,Talent density in the north is higher than that in the South and gradually moves south, and a "collapse phenomenon" in the middle.(2) According to the characteristics of local aggregation, the high-high type of talent concentration areas is mainly concentrated in the Bohai Rim region and low-low type is concentrated in the southwest region. (3) The "cold point area" is located in the southwest region and gradually expands. Based on this, the article suggests that Central Government should step up efforts to encourage and guide talents to be transferred to the relatively backward regions, especially to the southwestern; At the same time, the southwestern should take the initiative to link up the industrial transfer of southeast coastal areas and "Belt and Road" strategy, give full play to its own characteristics and attract talented people gathered in order to achieve balanced and coordinated development in different regions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial pattern change of high-educated talents in China based on Spatial Durbin Model WANG Ruoyu, XUE Desheng, LIU Ye, HUANG Xu 2019, 28(4): 134-143.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018170 Abstract ( )   PDF (1294KB) ( )   Based on the national statistical yearbook data from 2001 to 2016,this article studied the spatial pattern changes of the distribution of high-educated talents in China and its spatial overflow effect as well as the influence mechanism by applying Durbin model, Gini index, CV index and spatial auto-correlation. The result shows that:（1）Distribution status of China's high-educated talents showed that talents are agglomerate in the southeast but sparse in the northwest. From 2000 to 2015,the area of sparse area has decreased while he area of agglomerate area has increased；（2）The distribution of high-educated talents has some spatial agglomeration characteristics. In 2000,Hot spots are the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze river delta urban agglomeration. However, only Beijing Tianjin and Shanghai are the highest level of agglomeration，other provinces are all cold spots. What’s more, from 2000 to 2015, the area of cold spots and hot spots both have increased which implies that talent still has a tendency to centralize in some regions；（3）Wages, the development of colleges and universities, and public service level are the main factors influencing the spatial distribution of high-educated talents and no evident can prove other factors have significant influence on the distribution of talents..The distribution of high-educated talents has significant spatial overflow effect while significant factors including Wages, the development of colleges and universities, and public service level also have significant spatial overflow effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatio-temperal evolution of tourism investment level and its driving factors in China SU Jianjun, ZHU Haiyan 2019, 28(4): 144-155.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018157 Abstract ( )   PDF (1736KB) ( )   Taking 31 provinces as the geographical observational units, this paper describes spatial-time differentiation features, influencing factors and mechanism of tourism investment from 1999 to 2015 by using ESDA and GWR analysis methods. The results are as follows:(1)During the period of investigation, the level of tourism investment scale and the investment efficiency rose rapidly, but the difference of regions are significant. The Eastern region remains dominant and the Central region and the Western region follow up rapidly.(2)The tourism investment level shows a strong spatial negative correlation, that is to say, the provinces with high-level of tourism investment and the provinces with lower-level of tourism investment show the situation of big mixed-race and small agglomeration in the spatial distribution.(3)The spatial correlation of tourism investment is weakening, which shows that the spatial concentration of tourism investment in various provinces is declining, the investment of tourism gradually tends to be scattered in space, in other words, the high-level and low-level provinces show the spatial distribution and heterogeneity.(4)The impact of various factors on tourism investment level is characterized by spatial heterogeneity. Among them, economic growth and financial development are the most crucial driver of tourism investment level, and the contribution of the former is higher than the latter. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the evolution of manufacturing network in East Asia based on trade network LIANG Jingwei, WEN Shuhui, LI Yan 2019, 28(4): 156-165.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018078 Abstract ( )   PDF (3924KB) ( )   Based on import and export trade data and commodity data, this paper has studied the manufacturing trade network and its production process in east Asia since 2003. According to the import and export trade network, whether it is labor intensive or capital (technology) intensive products, China's participation is higher than those South-east countries. With the development of southeast Asia countries, they have gradually become involved in the division of labor, and trade links have gradually increased. From the production process of the product, it is obvious that the early "triangle trade" phenomenon is obvious, especially the high technical content of land transportation; Second, southeast Asian countries have strong dependence on big countries, especially capital (technology) intensive products; The last, small area of the region is gradually strengthened, especially in emerging countries such as Thailand and Malaysia. Not only are the results verify the trend of product network, but also can provide theoretical services for the industrial upgrading of some East Asia countries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the innovation function of transactional exhibition JIA Minjiang, GAN Xia, LIAN Hongyu 2019, 28(4): 166-175.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018090 Abstract ( )   PDF (460KB) ( )   The exhibitions were considered to have only commodity sell, international trade and marketing functions. In the Internet era, these functions have been challenged by e-commerce. In fact, modern exhibitions may also have other functions such as politics, education and innovation. Based on the analysis of relevant research literatures at home and abroad, it is found that the research literatures on the innovative function of transactional exhibitions mainly involve the disciplines of marketing and economic geography. Among them, marketing scholars and economic geography scholars regarded the exhibition as a temporary market and a temporary cluster respectively, and conducted research from various perspectives. Although marketing scholars and economic geographers pay attention to the impacts of information communication and knowledge transfer on corporate innovation at the exhibition site, they believe that international exhibitions have higher innovation value than national and regional exhibitions, and the relationships between exhibitors and (or) visitors is an important prerequisite for knowledge transfer and information communication. Since the beginning of this century, scholars of the two disciplines (especially foreign scholars) have increasingly studied the innovative function of transactional exhibitions. These studies focus on explaining the innovative function of the exhibitions and exploring the mechanisms by which the innovative function of the exhibition work. The main research results are reviewed from the perspectives of marketing and economic geography in terms of publication time. According to the research objects and suggestions of those authors, four main directions for future research are proposed: (1)Pay more attention to the impacts of the types of exhibitions on the categories or the stages of innovations. (2)the negative effects of knowledge spillover at exhibition on corporate innovations. (3)the collaborative innovation mechanism of exhibition and other events. (4)the contribution of exhibitions to urban industrial and social innovations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study progress of diaspora tourism and research framework XU Xiaosheng, LIU Peixue, ZHANG Jianxin, DING Lei, MA Li 2019, 28(4): 176-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018045 Abstract ( )   PDF (2064KB) ( )   Diaspora tourism is often considered a form of ‘homecoming’, and with the development of transportation and communication technology, tourism activities become more and more convenient and international, the tourism experience of these diaspora communities who are forced to leave their hometown and scattered in other countries is more complex and diverse. This trend makes diaspora studies developing rapidly in the field of geography and tourism. The tourism behavior of diaspora communities has become a new focus in academic research, and has also been attached importance to tourism market.Based on the related literature and empirical research in recent 20 years, starting from the development of diaspora studies paradigm, sorting out the research progress summarizing its research perspective: place attachment is an internal psychological drive, and transnationalism is an external geographical feature. According to other scholars’ achievements, the diaspora tourism is defined and classified from the perspective of the spatial nature and participants of the diaspora tourism activities. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the diaspora tourism, the tourism experience of the diaspora communities and the impact of this subdivision market on the motherland tourism market are analyzed in detail.Finally, the concept of diaspora tourism is introduced to China, with pointing out the shortcomings of tourism research on Chinese diaspora and setting up a research framework that is in line with China's actual situation, and clarifying the importance and emphasis of developing Chinese diaspora tourism research in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial perception of micro-transformation in historic district based on visual methodology HE Huiyan, WANG Min 2019, 28(4): 189-200.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018248 Abstract ( )   PDF (894KB) ( )   In recent years, the micro-transformation mode, which is based on preserving the main status quo, has been proposed. The influence and effectiveness of the micro-transformation mode are constantly being disputed and discussed. Enning Road in Guangzhou is a historic district with profound cultural heritage in Xiguan, and its regeneration program has always been a research hotspot. It is believed that visual material can convey spatial practice experiences beyond language, by which people can explore the metaphor of space. Visual methodology combined with content analysis, semiology and measurement of emotion had been used to study the spatial perception of the micro-transformation space in Enning Road. The main goal is to explore the influence of the micro-transformation mode and attempt to reveal the spatial perception mechanism of historic district transformation. The study result shows that the perceived intensity of micro-transformation area is the highest. The satisfaction of basic needs offers good emotional experience. And the participatory festival activities can enhance the perception of the district. While the texture maintenance and cultural details of the buildings can preserve the sense of history and trigger the emotion of nostalgia. However, under the influences of the micro-transformation, like historic district’s material substitution and function transformation, the involvement of extraneous elements in spatial perception practice leads to changes in cultural code and different spatial perceptions. This study attempts to use the content analysis method to refine the visual perception traits, and quantify the differences of spatial perception before and after the transformation in way of emotion measurement. In addition, the study adopts new methods in the field of spatial perception. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on image of marine tourism destination based on grounded theory and text analysis CAI Libin, LUO Wei 2019, 28(4): 201-210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018120 Abstract ( )   PDF (1130KB) ( )   Tourism destination image plays an important role in tourists' decision-making and destination development, and is also a hot field in tourism research. With the development of marine tourism, the study of marine tourism destination image is also on the agenda, which is of great significance to improve the competitiveness and attraction of destination. Based on the domestic tourists’ travel notes posted on the Internet, this paper explored the cognitive image, affective image and overall image of Hawaii by using the grounded theory and text analysis. The study found that "Marine natural attraction", "Marine cultural attraction", "Marine tourism activity", "Destination soft environment", "Tourism service", and "Public place and service" are six main categories of marin tourism destination cognitive image. On this basis, it found that the emotional image of Hawaii is mainly positive emotion by extracting the emotional statement in travel notes and combining with the "Circumplex Model of Affect". From the perspective of semantic network and revisiting intention, the overall image of Hawaii is relatively positive and there is no obvious negative perception factor. The research conclusion aims to provide some experience and reference for the development of domestic marine tourism destinations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on network structure and mechanism of urban self-help tour in Xiamen LI Ruirui, ZHAO Wei, CHEN Siwen 2019, 28(4): 211-220.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.04.2018149 Abstract ( )   PDF (1342KB) ( )   Taking Xiamen as an example, the tourism flow information is extracted from other province self-help travellers of Ctrip, and the social network analysis and QAP correlation analysis are used to study the structure and formation mechanism of urban self-help network. The main conclusions are as follows: nodes of urban self-help tour in Xiamen demonstrate extreme disequilibrium affected by time and economic cost factors. The core edge analysis further indicates that there are seven nodes in the "core area" such as Gulangyu and Xiamen University, which are closely linked to each other and the distance between the nodes is close to each other, and the agglomeration effect is formed. The seven nodes of tour form strong attraction for outside province tourists. The nodes in the marginal such as Fangte Fantasy kingdom and Tongan Cinema City ,are subordinate choices for tourist. The nodes in the marginal area are gathered, which shows that distance friction effects the choice of tour routes in developed traffic system of Xiamen. QAP correlation analysis shows that the formation of Xiamen self-help tourism flow is not significant with the distance between the external transportation facilities and the hotel, and has a strong correlation with the public accessibility of the node and the visibility and concentration of tourism resources. In order to improve the equilibrium of the nodes,Reduce time and economic cost，enhance the nodes tour efficiency, perfect early warning mechanism, exploit complementarily of tourism product among different regions is necessary. Related Articles | Metrics