中国跨境风电项目的建设模式、梯度转移及减排潜力研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.03.2019705

世界地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 490-500.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.03.2019705

中国跨境风电项目的建设模式、梯度转移及减排潜力研究

韩梦瑶¹^,²^,³(), 刘卫东¹^,²^,³, 刘慧¹^,²^,³()

^1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101
^2.中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101
^3.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-12-27 修回日期:2020-04-26 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-06-08
通讯作者: 刘慧
作者简介:韩梦瑶(1989-)，女，副研究员，主要研究方向为经济地理与区域发展，E-mail:hanmy@igsnrr.ac.cn。
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20010100);国家自然科学基金(41701135)

Development pattern, gradient transfer and emission reduction of China's overseas wind power projects: Based on priority projects in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

Mengyao HAN¹^,²^,³(), Weidong LIU¹^,²^,³, Hui LIU¹^,²^,³()

^1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^3.College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-12-27 Revised:2020-04-26 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-06-08
Contact: Hui LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为“一带一路”倡议的样板工程和旗舰项目，中巴经济走廊中的风电项目建设已经初现规模。中国在巴基斯坦的工程建设中，风电优先项目涉及的项目金额约为6.47亿元，运营期累计发电量可以达到近180亿千瓦时，可累计减少二氧化碳排放13.90兆吨。伴随跨境风电项目的梯度转移，中国可再生能源项目落地并网取决于东道国的政策制度安排、建设运营模式、设备供应体系以及电价收购协议等。本研究有助于协助沿线国家完善能源政策制度、加快清洁电力发展、应对气候变化、落实碳减排承诺，为绿色“一带一路”建设中可再生能源项目的推广提供借鉴。

关键词: 风电投资, 可再生能源, 中巴经济走廊, 一带一路, 自主减排贡献

Abstract:

As the representative and typical items, the wind power projects in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor have gradually emerged. Among China's investment in Pakistan, the wind power priority projects involved 647 million US dollars, the related electricity generation could reach nearly 18 billion kWh during the operation period, and the cumulative carbon emission reduction could reach 13.90 Mt. Beyond the gradient transfer along with the overseas projects, the successful implementation of China's renewable energy projects mainly depended on the institutional policy framework, development & operation models, equipment supplying systems, and electricity acquisition agreements in the host countries. China's wind power investment could thus help implement renewable energy policies, accelerate renewable energy development, mitigate carbon emissions, and achieve the intendedly determined emission reduction, which is expected to further promote and support the following renewable energy projects during the green Belt and Road construction.

Key words: wind investment, renewable energy, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Belt and Road Initiative, intended nationally determined contribution

韩梦瑶, 刘卫东, 刘慧. 中国跨境风电项目的建设模式、梯度转移及减排潜力研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 490-500.

Mengyao HAN, Weidong LIU, Hui LIU. Development pattern, gradient transfer and emission reduction of China's overseas wind power projects: Based on priority projects in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(3): 490-500.

图/表 3

参考文献 49

1	International Renewable Energy Agency. .
2	Bhutto A W, Bazmi A A, Zahedi G. Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan—wind power prospective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 20: 519-538.
3	肖欣, 何时有. 巴基斯坦电力行业发展与投资机会. 国际经济合作, 2017, 3: 84-87.
	Xiao X, He S. Pakistan power industry development and investment opportunities. Journal of International Economic Cooperation, 2017, 3: 84-87.
4	蒋小燕. "一带一路"下区域产业梯度转移——基于国际国内双重视角. 商业经济研究, 2018, 8: 183-186.
	Jiang X. Regional industrial gradient transfer under the Belt and Road: Based on dual perspectives of international and domestic. Journal of Commercial Economics, 2018, 8: 183-186.
5	刘卫东,等. 共建绿色丝绸之路—资源环境基础与社会经济背景. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2019.
	Liu W, et al. Joint construction of Green Silk Roads: Social, economic and environmental context. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2019
6	Liu W, Dunford M, globalization Inclusive: Unpacking China's Belt and Road Initiative. Area Development and Policy, 2016, 1(3): 323-340.
7	Dunford M, Liu W. Chinese perspectives on the Belt and Road Initiative. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2019, 12: 145-167.
8	国家发展改革委, 外交部, 商务部. 推动共建丝绸之路经济带和 21 世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动.北京:外交出版社, 2015.
	National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Commerce of China. Vision and actions on jointly building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-century maritime Silk Road. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2015.
9	Aized T, Shahid M, Bhatti A A, et al. Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 84: 155-169.
10	Ahmed S U, Ali A, Kumar D, et al. China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Pakistan's energy security: A meta-analytic review. Energy Policy, 2019, 127: 147-154.
11	商务部. 对外投资合作国别(地区)指南: 巴基斯坦(2018版), http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/gbdqzn. [Ministry of Commerce of China. Foreign investment Cooperation Guide by Country (Region): Pakistan (2018
	edition), ]
12	World Bank Database..
13	World Resources Institute..
14	International Energy Agency..
15	Mirza U K, Ahmad N, Majeed T, et al. Wind energy development in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007, 11(9): 2179-2190.
16	Ullah I, Chaudhry Q, Chipperfield A J. An evaluation of wind energy potential at Kati Bandar, Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, 14(2): 856-861.
17	Shami S H, Ahmad J, Zafar R, et al. Evaluating wind energy potential in Pakistan's three provinces, with proposal for integration into national power grid. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 53: 408-421.
18	The Government of Pakistan..
19	Mirjat NH, Uqaili MA, Harijan K, et al. A review of energy and power planning and policies of Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 79: 110-127.
20	Siddique S, Wazir R. A review of the wind power developments in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 57: 351-361.
21	China Pakistan Economic Corridor. CPEC-Energy Priority Projects, .
22	国家能源局, 中巴经济走廊能源项目合作的协议. . [National Energy Administration.Energy project cooperation agreement of China-Pakistan economic corridor. ]
23	中巴经济走廊远景规划(2017-2030). http://cpec.gov.pk/long-term-plan-cpec. [Long Term Plan For China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (2017-2030), ]
24	Khan MK, Teng JZ, Khan MI, et al. Impact of globalization, economic factors and energy consumption on CO₂ emissions in Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 688: 424-436.
25	Lin B, Raza MY. Analysis of energy related CO₂ emissions in Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 219: 981-993.
26	姚秋蕙,韩梦瑶,刘卫东."一带一路"沿线地区隐含碳流动研究.地理学报,2018,73(11):2210-2222.
	Yao Q,Han M, Liu W.Tracking embodied carbon flows in the Belt and Road regions.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2018,28(9): 1263-1274.
27	Han M, Chen G, Shao L, et al. Embodied energy consumption of building construction engineering: Case study in E-town, Beijing. Energy and Buildings, 2013, 64(5): 62-72.
28	Li Y, Han M, Liu S, et al. Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by buildings: A multi-scale perspective. Building and Environment, 2019, 151: 240-250.
29	Qazi U, Jahanzaib M, Ahmad W, et al. An institutional framework for the development of sustainable and competitive power market in Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 70: 83-95.
30	Perwez U, Sohail A, Hassan S F, et al. The long-term forecast of Pakistan's electricity supply and demand: An application of long range energy alternatives planning. Energy, 2015, 93(2): 2423-2435.
31	Kessides I N. Chaos in power: Pakistan's electricity crisis. Energy Policy, 2013, 55: 271-285.
32	李长菁, 刘兰波. 巴基斯坦风电发展现状及其政策研究. 科技和产业, 2012, 12(2): 6-9.
	Li C, Liu L. Pakistan wind power development status and policy research. Science Technology and Industry, 2012, 12(2): 6-9.
33	张丽娟.中国与巴基斯坦电力合作的优势、挑战及前景分析.对外经贸实务,2017,9:32-35.
	Zhang L.Advantages, challenges and prospects of china-pakistan electric power cooperation.Practice in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade,2017,9:32-35.
34	何钟秀. 论国内技术的梯度转移. 科技管理, 1983, 1: 18-21.
	He Z. The gradient transfer of domestic technologies. Science and Technology Management, 1983, 1: 18-21.
35	魏世恩. 经济技术梯度转移述论. 福建论坛:经济社会版, 2001, 220: 42-45.
	Wei S. The economic and technological gradient transfer. Fujian Tribune: Economics & Sociology, 2001, 220: 42-45.
36	庄芮,徐紫光,白光裕.当前我国加工贸易梯度转移存在的问题与对策.国际贸易,2014,1: 8-20.
	Zhuang R, Xu Z, Bai G. Problems and countermeasures of gradient transfers in China's current processing trade. Intertrade, 2014, 1: 18-20.
37	郭扬, 李金叶. 后危机时代我国加工贸易梯度转移的动力因素研究. 国际商务研究, 2018, 4: 47-56.
	Guo Y, Li J. Dynamic factor research on the gradient transfer of China's processing trade in the post-crisis era. International Business Research, 2018, 4: 47-56.
38	中国电力年鉴编辑委员会. 中国电力统计年鉴. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2017.
	China Electric Power Yearbook Editorial Committee. China electric power statistical yearbook. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2017.
39	张芳, 苏竣. 中国风电制造产业国际技术转移现状及问题分析. 中国科技论坛, 2012(7): 81-88.
	Zhang F, Su J. International technology transfer status and problems of China's wind power manufacturing industry. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2012(7): 81-88.
40	冯伟, 李颖洁. 基于产业链的中国风电装备制造业发展策略研究. 中国科技论坛, 2010(2): 61-66.
	Feng W, Li Y. Study on the development policy of wind power equipment manufacturing industry in China based on the industrial chain. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2010(2): 61-66.
41	彭顺昌. 从梯度理论浅析加速技术转移的路径——以厦门为例. 科技管理研究, 2014, 7: 85-88.
	Peng S. The accelerating path of technology transfers based on the gradient theory: Taking Xiamen as an example. Science and Technology Management Research, 2014, 7: 85-88.
42	屈秋实,王礼茂,牟初夫,等.巴基斯坦能源发展演变特征分析.世界地理研究,2019,28(6):50-58.
	Qu Q, Wang L, Mou C, et al. The evolution characteristics of energy development in Pakistan. World Regional Studies, 2019, 28(6): 50-58.
43	蒋国政, 张毅, 黄小勇. 要素禀赋、政策支持与金融资源配置: 产业转移的承接模式研究. 南方金融, 2011(2): 13-20+28.
	Jiang G, Zhang Y, Huang X. Factor endowment, policy support and financial resource allocation: Research on the undertaking model of industrial transfers. South China Finance, 2011(2): 13-20+28.
44	National Disaster Management Authority..
45	Pakistan's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (PAK-INDC)..
46	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change..
47	2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories..
48	刘玉佩.巴基斯坦能源投资项目主要风险及对策建议.国际工程与劳务,2019,1:46-47.
	Liu Y.Main risks and countermeasures of energy investment projects in Pakistan.International Project Contracting&Labour Service,2019,1: 46-47.
49	何时有, 肖欣. "中巴经济走廊"能源电力项目的投资风险. 国际经济合作, 2015, 2: 82-85.
	He S, Xiao X. Investment risk of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor's energy and power projects. Journal of International Economic Cooperation, 2015, 2: 82-85.

项目名称	投产日期	装机容量/兆瓦	投资金额/万美元	经营模式
三峡风电项目（Three Gorges Second & Third Wind Power Project）	2018.6.30 2018.7.9	49.5 (II) 49.5 (III)	15,000 (II+III)	独立开发商（IPP, Independent Power Producer）
大沃风电（Dawood Wind Farm）	2017.4.5	49.5	11,265
联合能源风电项目（UEP Wind Farm）	2017.4.11	99	25,000
萨察尔风电项目（Sachal Wind Farm）	2017.6.16	49.5	13,400

项目名称	投产日期	装机容量/兆瓦	投资金额/万美元	经营模式
三峡风电项目（Three Gorges Second & Third Wind Power Project）	2018.6.30 2018.7.9	49.5 (II) 49.5 (III)	15,000 (II+III)	独立开发商（IPP, Independent Power Producer）
大沃风电（Dawood Wind Farm）	2017.4.5	49.5	11,265
联合能源风电项目（UEP Wind Farm）	2017.4.11	99	25,000
萨察尔风电项目（Sachal Wind Farm）	2017.6.16	49.5	13,400

案例风电投资	2020年	2025年	2030年	运营期
累计装机量/兆瓦	297	297	297	297
累计发电量/吉瓦时	3242.02	7735.72	12229.42	17974.80
累积减排潜力/兆吨二氧化碳当量	2.51	5.98	9.46	13.90

案例风电投资	2020年	2025年	2030年	运营期
累计装机量/兆瓦	297	297	297	297
累计发电量/吉瓦时	3242.02	7735.72	12229.42	17974.80
累积减排潜力/兆吨二氧化碳当量	2.51	5.98	9.46	13.90

[1]	尹旭, 李鹏, 封志明, 游珍, 肖池伟. 2000—2019年越南人口时空分异特征及其演变类型[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(5): 941-952.
[2]	吴丽君, 朱宇, 颜俊, 柯文前, 林李月. “一带一路”沿线国家或地区间人口迁移的空间格局及其演化特征[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(2): 249-258.
[3]	孙曼, 宋涛, 计启迪. 边境城镇的产业演化及其机制研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(2): 388-398.
[4]	马丽君, 邓思凡. “一带一路”对国民出境沿线国家旅游需求的促进效应[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(1): 41-52.
[5]	车冰清, 孙东琪, 朱传耿. “一带一路”建设背景下中国区域空间响应差异及形成机制[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(5): 903-912.
[6]	濮蓉, 陶卓民, 李涛. “一带一路”沿线主要国家旅游竞争力与旅游服务出口协调度时空演变[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(5): 948-956.
[7]	穆焱杰, 杨永春. 中国西部城市国际货运班列的线路特征、货物类型及货源组织[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 769-780.
[8]	王淑芳, 闫语欣, 于娜. “一带一路”沿线国家投资悖论的形成机理研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 781-791.
[9]	姚峪岩, 张翼飞, 金紫洋, 蒋烨. “一带一路”绿色贸易合作与竞争格局研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 792-801.
[10]	岳启发, 赵筱青, 李思楠, 谭琨, 普军伟, 王茜. “一带一路”背景下博多河流域景观格局变化及生态风险评价研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 839-850.
[11]	刘承良, 杜德斌, 李源. 服务“一带一路”的世界地理课程思政“金字塔”教学模式[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 873-881.
[12]	胡志丁, 葛岳静, 杜德斌, 刘玉立. 走向伟大复兴的中国地缘战略：国家周边论[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 443-453.
[13]	胡建梅, 郝杰, 张意博, 张超. 中国对外援助的空间演化分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 454-464.
[14]	公丕萍, 姜超. “一带一路”建设对沿线国家经济增长的影响效果与中介路径[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 465-477.
[15]	王佩玉, 魏冶, 高鑫. “一带一路”商品贸易网络的社团结构及其经济收敛效应研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(1): 25-36.

中国跨境风电项目的建设模式、梯度转移及减排潜力研究

Development pattern, gradient transfer and emission reduction of China's overseas wind power projects: Based on priority projects in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 3

参考文献 49

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics