跨国公司空间撤资研究综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.05.2021115

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在当前经济形势动荡、全球生产网络开始断裂的背景下，跨国公司撤资行为越发频繁，但相对于国际直接投资的广泛研究，跨国公司撤资研究相对不足。论文基于地理空间视角，建构了跨国公司撤资分析框架，全面回顾、总结跨国公司撤资的空间分布及其测度指标、模式、影响因素等研究。当前跨国公司撤资研究存在如下局限：①跨国公司撤资的地理空间分布研究依旧欠缺，既有少量研究聚焦宏观尺度的国别撤资分析，相对缺乏多尺度、跨尺度视角的区域分析，即跨国公司撤资的宏观尺度在中观的国家区域上并非均等分布，表现出显著的区域空间差异，同时也无法讨论不同尺度上撤资影响因素的差异性；②跨国公司撤资过程在空间上不耦合，多集中分析跨国公司撤资的东道国空间特征，对撤资后的具体流向特征分析不足；③未深入讨论测度撤资指标，更多使用撤资企业数表达，对撤资相对性缺乏探讨，无法全面刻画跨国公司撤资的客观情况；④部分研究对公司规模、行业竞争程度、产业集中度等因素影响撤资分析不足，观点未取得共识，忽视不同行业、不同价值链对撤资的影响有差异。据此，未来对跨国公司撤资研究在于综合运用撤资企业数量、撤资率建构跨国公司撤资的测度指标体系，加强多尺度、跨尺度联系视角下的跨国公司撤资空间分布及差异分析，强化撤资的连续过程及其空间耦合性，同时分行业类别、分价值链来深化对撤资影响因素的系统性分析。

关键词: 跨国公司空间撤资, 分布, 撤资测度, 模式, 影响因素

Abstract:

Under the background of the current turbulent economic situation and the unstable global network, the divestment of transnational corporations (TNC) has become more frequent. Compared with the extensive research on foreign direct investment (FDI) , the study of the TNC divestment is relatively insufficient. Based on the perspective of geographic space, the paper constructs an analysis framework of TNC divestment as a geographic phenomenon, and comprehensively reviews and summarizes the present advances in the spatial distribution, measurement index, patterns and influencing factors of TNC divestment. The paper believes that the current research on TNC divestment has the following limitations: ① The geographical and spatial distribution of TNC divestment is still insufficient, with only a small amount of research focusing on macro-scale analysis, relatively lacking multi-scale and cross-scale regional analysis; ② The process of TNC divestment is not spatially coupled. Most of the analysis focuses on the spatial characteristics of the host country of TNC divestment, while that of the flow after the divestment is quite insufficient; ③ The index for measuring divestment isn't discussed in depth, unable to fully describe the relative objective situation of TNC divestment; ④ The effect of firm size, industry competition, industry concentration and other factors on divestment has been analyzed, but there is no consensus, because they ignored the differences between different industries and different value chains. Accordingly, future research on TNC divestment lies in the comprehensive use of the number of corporate divestments, and the divestment rate, to construct a measurement index system for TNC divestment, strengthening the spatial distribution analysis of TNC divestment from the perspective of multi-scale and cross-scale linkages, reinforcing the continuous process of divestment and its spatial coupling.

Key words: TNC space divestment, distribution, measurement of divestment, patterns, influencing factor

赵沙, 王茂军, 邵静. 跨国公司空间撤资研究综述[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(5): 18-33.

Sha ZHAO, Maojun WANG, Jing SHAO. A summary of the research on the spatial divestment of transnational corporations: Review based on the distribution, patterns and factors of divestment[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(5): 18-33.

图/表 2

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影响因素		指标	相关文献	与撤资的关系
公司属性	母子公司经营状况	经营业绩	Haynes等^[30,41]、李玫等^[40]、Bauer^[42]	负相关
		财务实力	Duhaime等^[37]、刘振林等^[27]	负相关
		竞争优势	Horaguchi^[2]、Chang^[44]、Boddewyn^[45]、	负相关
	公司规模	子公司规模	Delios等^[46]、Chen等^[47]、Song^[48]、Norback^[49]	正相关或负相关
	公司规模	母公司规模	Shimizu等^[36]、Haynes等^[41]	正相关或负相关
	公司战略	多元化战略	Ray Griffin^[51]、李玉梅等^[52]	负相关
	公司战略	归核化战略	张立莉^[53]	正相关
全球化力量	全球生产网络	子公司数量	Belderbos等^[14]	正相关
		跨国经营灵活性	Chung等^[55]、Fisch等^[56]	负相关
		战略耦合	Coe等^[61]、MacKinnon^[62]	战略耦合引发撤资
	全球价值链	与其他子公司联系	Porter^[35]、Belderbos等^[63]	负相关
		与母公司业务关联性	Benito^[10]、Berry^[11]	负相关
		价值链环节	葛顺奇^[66]、Song等^[67]	负相关
国家(间)属性	东道国政治状况	政治环境	Henisz等^[72]、Dai^[73]、Belderbos^[74]	负相关
	东道国宏观环境	经济环境	Hamilton等^[75]、Fisch等^[77]	负相关
	东道国宏观环境	生产成本	Shleifer^[78]、丁永健^[79]、Benito等^[80]	正相关
	东道国市场状况	市场环境	徐艳梅等^[83]、Siegfried等^[84]	负相关
		行业竞争	戚建梅^[85]、高凌云^[86]	正相关或负相关
		行业集中	Mata等^[34]、吕波等^[39]、McCloughan等^[87]	正相关或非线性或无影响
	母国政治状况	政治环境	Soule等^[93]	负相关
	母国宏观环境	经济环境	文东伟等^[90]、裴长洪等^[92]、Dunning^[93]	负相关
	母国宏观环境	优惠政策	Fratocchi等^[5]、李玉梅^[94]	正相关
	第三国经济环境	生产成本、优惠政策	Song^[81]、Vernon^[95]、范宇新^[96]	负相关
	邻近性	各维度邻近性	朱晟君^[101]、Quer^[103]、Buckley^[105]、Li^[106]、Boschma^[107]	负相关
	邻近性	各维度跨国距离	Ghemawat^[111]、Pattnaik等^[112]、Kang等^[113]	不同维度影响有差别

影响因素		指标	相关文献	与撤资的关系
公司属性	母子公司经营状况	经营业绩	Haynes等^[30,41]、李玫等^[40]、Bauer^[42]	负相关
		财务实力	Duhaime等^[37]、刘振林等^[27]	负相关
		竞争优势	Horaguchi^[2]、Chang^[44]、Boddewyn^[45]、	负相关
	公司规模	子公司规模	Delios等^[46]、Chen等^[47]、Song^[48]、Norback^[49]	正相关或负相关
	公司规模	母公司规模	Shimizu等^[36]、Haynes等^[41]	正相关或负相关
	公司战略	多元化战略	Ray Griffin^[51]、李玉梅等^[52]	负相关
	公司战略	归核化战略	张立莉^[53]	正相关
全球化力量	全球生产网络	子公司数量	Belderbos等^[14]	正相关
		跨国经营灵活性	Chung等^[55]、Fisch等^[56]	负相关
		战略耦合	Coe等^[61]、MacKinnon^[62]	战略耦合引发撤资
	全球价值链	与其他子公司联系	Porter^[35]、Belderbos等^[63]	负相关
		与母公司业务关联性	Benito^[10]、Berry^[11]	负相关
		价值链环节	葛顺奇^[66]、Song等^[67]	负相关
国家(间)属性	东道国政治状况	政治环境	Henisz等^[72]、Dai^[73]、Belderbos^[74]	负相关
	东道国宏观环境	经济环境	Hamilton等^[75]、Fisch等^[77]	负相关
	东道国宏观环境	生产成本	Shleifer^[78]、丁永健^[79]、Benito等^[80]	正相关
	东道国市场状况	市场环境	徐艳梅等^[83]、Siegfried等^[84]	负相关
		行业竞争	戚建梅^[85]、高凌云^[86]	正相关或负相关
		行业集中	Mata等^[34]、吕波等^[39]、McCloughan等^[87]	正相关或非线性或无影响
	母国政治状况	政治环境	Soule等^[93]	负相关
	母国宏观环境	经济环境	文东伟等^[90]、裴长洪等^[92]、Dunning^[93]	负相关
	母国宏观环境	优惠政策	Fratocchi等^[5]、李玉梅^[94]	正相关
	第三国经济环境	生产成本、优惠政策	Song^[81]、Vernon^[95]、范宇新^[96]	负相关
	邻近性	各维度邻近性	朱晟君^[101]、Quer^[103]、Buckley^[105]、Li^[106]、Boschma^[107]	负相关
	邻近性	各维度跨国距离	Ghemawat^[111]、Pattnaik等^[112]、Kang等^[113]	不同维度影响有差别

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