中国新能源汽车产业协同创新网络时空演化特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.2021816

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2000―2018年间新能源汽车产业发明专利数据，对新能源汽车产业创新发展阶段进行划分，以产业链视角构建新能源汽车产业协同创新网络，并以城市视角进行空间结构分析，以此探究新能源汽车产业协同创新不同发展阶段的时空演化特征。研究发现：①新能源汽车产业从初创期、形成期到成长期，协同创新的规模和强度均有明显上升，但在创新总体中始终占据较低比重，创新活力未完全释放，产业创新发展仍有较大空间。②产业链协同创新并不均衡，中游创新占据总体创新的大部分，协同创新重心由上中游协同创新向中下游协同创新过渡，创新主体呈现以企业为主、高校和研究所为辅的总体格局。③城市协同创新呈现规模扩大化、联系复杂化、区域一体化的特征和多点分散、局部集聚的创新格局，新能源汽车产业创新转移和演化路径已初步形成。

关键词: 中国新能源汽车产业, 协同创新, 时空演化, 创新网络

Abstract:

Basing on the patent data of the new energy vehicle industry from 2000 to 2018, this paper divided the stages of innovation development of the new energy vehicle industry and constructed a collaborative innovation network from the perspective of the industrial chain, and analyzed the spatial structure from the perspective of the city to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the collaborative innovation of the new energy vehicle industry. The results show that: (1) The scale and intensity of collaborative innovation of the new energy vehicle industry have increased significantly from the initial stage, to the formation stage, then to the growth stage, but it always occupies a low proportion in the overall innovation, innovation vitality has not been fully released, and there is still a large space for industrial innovation development. (2) The collaborative innovation of industrial chain is unbalanced, and the innovation in the midstream accounts for the majority of the overall innovation. The focus of collaborative innovation is transitive from the upper and middle streams to the middle and lower streams, and the innovation subjects present an overall pattern dominated by enterprises, supplemented by universities and research institutes. (3) Urban collaborative innovation is characterized by scale expansion, association complexity, regional integration and the innovation pattern presents multi-point dispersion and local agglomeration. The innovation transfer and evolution path of new energy vehicle industry has taken shape.

Key words: China's new energy vehicles, collaborative innovation, spatio-temporal evolution, innovation network

索琪, 李长升, 王力媛. 中国新能源汽车产业协同创新网络时空演化特征分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(2): 79-92.

Qi SUO, Changsheng LI, Liyuan WANG. Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of China's new energy vehicle industry collaborative innovation network[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(2): 79-92.

图/表 11

图1 新能源汽车产业协同创新网络时空演化分析框架

Fig.1 The framework of spatio-temporal evolution of collaborative innovation network in new energy vehicle industry

表1 新能源汽车产业协同创新网络的结构测度指标

Tab.1 The collaborative innovation network structure measurement index of new energy vehicle industry

序号	指标	含义	测度能力
1	创新总体（协同创新个体）	创新个体总数（参与协同创新的主体数）	创新规模（创新个体参与协同创新的程度）
2	联结次数	相连边和相依边之和	创新个体参与协同创新的强度
3	网络密度	实际连边数与最大可能连边数的比值	创新个体之间的互动密集程度
4	最大连通子图规模	节点数量最多的连通子图中的节点数	创新团体规模和网络连通性
5	平均距离	两两节点之间最短路径长度的平均值	协同创新传播效率
6	平均聚类系数	所有节点聚类系数的平均值	相邻创新个体间的合作难易程度

图2 新能源汽车产业创新发展阶段

Fig.2 The innovation development stage of new energy vehicle industry

图3 新能源汽车产业链协同创新网络演化图注：左图为初创期，中图为形成期，右图为成长期。

Fig.3 The evolution diagram of collaborative innovation of new energy vehicle industry chain

表2 新能源汽车产业协同创新网络测度结果

Tab.2 The collaborative innovation network measurement results of new energy vehicle industry

指标	阶段	整体网络	上中游协同网络	中下游协同网络
创新总体（协同创新个体）	初创期	121（22）	121（18）	119（12）
	形成期	1 258（288）	1 212（170）	1 217（251）
	成长期	4 079（1 109）	3 876（590）	3 868（888）
连接次数	初创期	21	16	10
	形成期	342	192	267
	成长期	1 314	612	886
网络密度	初创期	0.023 7	0.039 2	0.075 7
	形成期	0.002 8	0.008 0	0.003 4
	成长期	0.000 4	0.001 3	0.000 5
最大连通子图规模	初创期	3	3	3
	形成期	28	28	15
	成长期	46	44	21
平均距离	初创期	1.00	1.00	1.00
	形成期	2.16	2.16	1.65
	成长期	3.07	3.12	1.80
平均聚类系数	初创期	1.00	1.00	1.00
	形成期	0.79	0.79	0.78
	成长期	0.58	0.61	0.55

图4 新能源汽车产业产学研协同创新情况

Fig.4 The collaborative innovation of industry-university-research in the new energy vehicle industry

表3 产学研创新模式分布

Tab.3 The distribution of industry-university-research innovation patterns

协同模式阶段	U	I	R	U-I	U-R	I-R	U-U	I-I	R-R	U-I-R
初创期	30	64	9	2	0	0	0	1	0	1
形成期	146	1 270	87	29	3	15	0	45	1	2
成长期	185	2 790	83	29	6	21	2	112	1	1

表4 新能源汽车产业协同创新发展阶段的莫兰指数

Tab.4 The Moran Index of collaborative innovation of new energy vehicle industry

阶段	Moran’s I	z值	p值
初创期	0.027 190	1.174 39	0.240 236
形成期	0.089 619	3.385 408	0.000 711
成长期	0.148 191	4.807 465	0.000 002

图5 新能源汽车产业协同创新局部空间集聚演化图谱注：该图基于标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2020)4619号的标准地图制作，底图无修改。以下地图同。

Fig.5 The evolution map of the collaborative innovation space structure of new energy vehicle industry

图6 新能源汽车产业协同创新区域合作演化图谱

Fig.6 The regional cooperation evolution map of new energy vehicle industry collaborative innovation

图7 新能源汽车产业协同创新核密度分布演化图谱

Fig.7 The core density distribution evolution map of new energy vehicle industry collaborative innovation

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