大学驱动视角的意大利城镇发展机制研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.08.20222361

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究大学驱动城镇发展的机制对于知识经济背景下我国新型城镇化发展战略具有重要意义。基于实地调研与时空相关分析，通过构建“大学-城镇”互动的分析框架，发现意大利大学网络与城镇网络在空间布局、人口集聚和产业经济上具有高度相关性，这源于长期历史发展中两者的不断相互作用。在区域层面，大学“主校区-分校区”网络从中心城市向周边中小城市的拓展促进了大都市圈尺度的空间组织优化、科技创新网络构建和区域通勤网络形成等；在城市层面上，大学在塑造城市空间结构、推进城市更新进程和促进社会文化整合中发挥着主导作用。研究意大利大学驱动下城镇化的经验，旨在为我国新型城镇化进程中促进优质教育资源均等化和推进城市“校区、园区、社区”三区联动等提供借鉴。

关键词: 大学, 意大利, 城镇发展机制, 区域创新, 三区联动

Abstract:

The research of the mechanism of university driving urban development is of great significance for China's urbanization development strategy under the knowledge economy. Based on the "university-town" interactive analysis framework, based on field research and spatial-temporal correlation analysis, it is found that the Italian university network and urban network have a high degree of overlap in spatial layout, population agglomeration, and industrial economy, which is the result of the continuous interaction and integration of the two in historical development. At the regional level, the expansion of both atenei and sedi universities from central cities to surrounding small and medium-sized cities promotes the optimization of spatial organization at the scale of metropolitan areas, the construction of scientific and technological innovation networks, and the daily commuting exchanges of personnel. At the urban level, universities are shaping the urban spatial structure and promoting urban, and universities play a leading role in the renewal process and promoting social and cultural integration. The experience of Italian universities in driving urban development, such as how to promote the linkage of "campus, park and community" in the process of new urbanization, has a reference value for my country's urban development.

Key words: university, Italy, urban development mechanism, regional innovation, three-district linkage

徐辰, 申立. 大学驱动视角的意大利城镇发展机制研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(8): 52-64.

Chen XU, Li SHEN. Research on Italian urban development mechanism from a university-driven perspective[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(8): 52-64.

图/表 8

图1 研究分析框架图

Fig.1 Research and analysis frame diagram

图2 意大利城镇体系结构图注：根据参考文献［22］绘制。

Fig.2 Map of the urban system in Italy

图3 伦巴第大区（a）、艾米利亚-罗马涅大区（b）高校资源的分布图注：根据参考文献［35］翻译并绘制。

Fig.3 The distribution map of university resources in Lombardy region（a） and Emilia-Romagna region（b）

图4 意大利大学空间分布示意图注：资料来源为https：//www.postmetropoli.it/atlante/；灰色圈的大小代表所在大学的在读学生人数（含分校区）。

Fig.4 Spatial distribution map of Italian universities

图5 意大利产业区分布图［36］

Fig.5 Map of industrial district in Italy

图6 大学网络对区域科技创新网络的影响机制图

Fig.6 Influence mechanism of university network on regional science and technology innovation network

表1 伦巴第大区和艾米利亚-罗马涅大区人口资源布局情况

Tab.1 Population resource in Lombardy region and Emilia-Romagna region

伦巴第大区				艾米利亚-罗马涅大区
城市	高校注册人数/人	城市人口总数/人	高校人数占比/%	城市	高校注册人数/人	城市人口总数/人	高校人数占比/%
米兰	163 562	1 242 123	13.17	皮亚琴察	3 294	100 311	3.28
帕维亚	20 713	68 280	30.34	帕尔玛	22 444	175 895	12.76
贝加莫	12 552	115 349	10.88	雷焦-艾米利亚	6 422	162 082	3.96
布雷西亚	16 909	46 705	36.20	莫德纳	13 132	179 149	7.33
瓦雷泽	5 797	82 045	7.07	博洛尼亚	82 363	371 337	22.18
科莫	4 809	82 045	5.86	费拉拉	14 234	132 545	10.74
莱科	1 385	46 705	2.97	伊莫拉	606	67 982	0.89
蒙查	2 607	119 856	2.18	拉文纳	2 778	153 740	1.81
洛迪	368	43 332	0.85	弗利	5 255	116 778	4.50
克雷莫纳	1 329	69 589	1.91	切塞纳	4 454	95 990	4.64
				雷米尼	5 170	139 601	3.70

图7 米兰、博洛尼亚大都市圈铁路网络图

Fig.7 Railway network map of Milan and Bologna metropolitan area

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