长三角区域科技创新效率的空间分异及影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.11.2021515

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科技创新效率空间分异与影响因素是经济地理学者研究的重要领域，而关于科技创新效率的评价指标尚未形成共识。本文基于投入-产出视角，构建了科技创新效率投入-产出评价指标体系，并综合采用超效率SBM模型结合Malmquist指数、变异系数和空间基尼系数、莫兰指数、固定效应面板模型等分析方法，深入探讨了2007—2017年长三角区域科技创新效率的空间分异及影响因素。结果表明：①长三角和三省一市的创新效率总体均呈现增长的趋势，技术进步对于城市创新效率的提升具有很大的促进作用；②长三角区域科技创新效率空间分异程度有所减弱，不同城市之间的空间差异逐渐减小，科技创新活动趋于均衡。但是空间自相关性不稳定，存在部分地区的跃迁和正向或者负向的空间溢出效应；③每百万高等学校在校学生数、互联网使用率、客运总量等因素均对科技创新效率产生显著的正向影响，而第二产业产值占GDP比重对长三角科技创新效率产生显著的负向影响。通过本文研究，探明了长三角区域科技创新效率的空间分布特征及影响因素，为长三角区域科技创新共同体的建设提供了科学依据。

关键词: 创新效率, 区域创新, 空间分异, 影响因素, 长三角

Abstract:

Based on the input-output perspective, this paper constructs an input-output evaluation index system of technological innovation efficiency and integrates the super-efficient SBM model combined with Malmquist index, coefficient of variation and spatial Gini coefficient, Moran index, fixed effect panel model and other analytical methods to deeply explore the spatial variation of technological innovation efficiency and the influencing factors of 41 prefecture-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2007-2017. The results show that ① the innovation efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and the three provinces and one city show an overall trend of growth, and technological progress has a great role in promoting the improvement of urban innovation efficiency; ② the degree of spatial differentiation of technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region has weakened, the spatial differences between different cities have gradually decreased, and technological innovation activities have tended to be balanced. However, the spatial auto-correlation is unstable, there are leaps in some areas, and there are positive or negative spatial spillover effects. ③ The number of students per million higher education institutions, Internet usage, and total passenger transportation have significant positive effects on technological innovation efficiency, while the proportion of secondary industry output to GDP has significant negative effects on technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta. Through this study, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region are explored, which provides a scientific basis for the construction of the Yangtze River Delta regional science and technology innovation community.

Key words: innovation efficiency, regional innovation, spatial divergence, influencing factors, Yangtze River Delta

袁荣, 曹贤忠, 曾刚. 长三角区域科技创新效率的空间分异及影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(11): 155-166.

Rong YUAN, Xianzhong CAO, Gang ZENG. Spatial differentiation and driving factors of technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(11): 155-166.

图/表 9

表 1 科技创新效率指标体系

Tab.1 Technology innovation efficiency index system

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标/单位
科技创新投入	科技创新资金	R&D经费支出/万元
	科技创新人力	从事科学技术活动人数/万人
	知识创新基础	高等学校数量/个
科技创新产出	技术产出	专利申请量/万件
科技创新产出	科学产出	论文总数/篇

图 1 长三角区域科技创新效率整体变化

Fig.1 Overall changes in the efficiency of technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta region

表 2 长三角区域Malmquist生产率指数变化

Tab.2 Overall change in Malmquist productivity index in the Yangtze River Delta region

年份	effch	techch	MI
2007—2008	0.969	1.069	1.036
2008—2009	0.949	1.223	1.161
2009—2010	1.005	1.116	1.122
2010—2011	1.073	1.018	1.092
2011—2012	1.022	0.927	0.947
2012—2013	0.985	0.935	0.921
2013—2014	1.026	1.059	1.086
2014—2015	1.027	1.078	1.107
2015—2016	0.985	1.079	1.063
2016—2017	0.998	1.047	1.045
均值	1.003	1.052	1.055

图 2 2007—2017年变异系数和空间基尼系数变化趋势

Fig.2 Trends in coefficient of variation and spatial gini coefficient， 2007-2017

图 3 长三角区域科技创新效率时空演变图

Fig.3 Spatial and temporal evolution of technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta region

图 4 长三角区域科技创新效率全局莫兰指数趋势

Fig.4 Trend of global Moran index of technological innovation efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Region

图 5 长三角区域局部莫兰指数

Fig.5 Local Moran index in the Yangtze River Delta Region

表 3 影响因素变量及其表征指标

Tab.3 Influencing factors and their connotation

影响因素	变量	表征指标及单位
人才环境	x₁	每百万高等学校学生数/人
基础设施建设	x₂	互联网使用率/%
基础设施建设	x₄	客运总量/万人
金融环境	x₅	金融机构存款余额/ 万元
产业结构	x₆	第二产业产值占GDP比重/%
产业结构	x₇	第三产业产值占GDP比重/%
区域开放程度	x₈	进出口额占GDP比重/%
区域开放程度	x₉	外商直接投资占GDP比重/%

表 4 长三角区域科技创新效率的影响因素回归结果

Tab.4 Regression results of factors influencing the efficiency of technological innovation systems in the Yangtze River Delta Region

变量	系数	标准误差	t值	P>\|t\|
x₁	0.388^***	0.143	2.72	0.007
x₂	0.296^***	0.064	4.56	0.000
x₃ x₄	0.327^** —0.039	0.060 0.065	5.44 —0.61	0.000 0.545
x₅	—1.303^*	0.752	—1.73	0.084
x₆	0.517	0.644	0.80	0.423
x₇	—0.052	0.067	—0.77	0.440
x₈	—0.029	0.027	—1.06	0.292

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