新型城镇化、数字经济与共同富裕：基于城乡收入分配视角

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.08.20240040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

推进共同富裕关键在于缩小城乡收入差距，而新型城镇化通过城乡统筹发展为达成此目标提供了根本途径。基于2011—2021年中国的省际面板数据，实证分析了新型城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响，并将数字经济引入分析框架中，考察新型城镇化、数字经济与城乡收入差距之间的关系。研究发现：①新型城镇化有利于抑制城乡收入差距扩大；②机制分析显示，新型城镇化建设所带来的产业结构升级与技术创新水平提升，在缓解城乡收入差距中发挥了重要作用；③地区异质性分析表明，新型城镇化缩小城乡收入差距的积极效应存在“西部>中部>东部>东北”的空间异质性特征；④数字经济与新型城镇化在缓解城乡收入差距中存在替代效应，即在数字经济发展水平较低的地区，新型城镇化抑制城乡收入差距扩大的积极作用更为突出。本研究可为持续推动新型城镇化战略、实施差异性发展策略、加快数字中国建设及促进共同富裕的实现提供决策参考。

关键词: 新型城镇化, 共同富裕, 城乡收入差距, 数字经济

Abstract:

Narrowing the urban-rural income gap is a key measure to realize the long-cherished aspiration of common prosperity. One of the important features of the new-type urbanization is the overall coordination between urban and rural areas. Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2011 to 2021, The paper empirically analyzes the impact of new-type urbanization on the urban-rural income gap by using panel data of provinces in China from 2013 to 2021. ①The result shows that the development of new-type urbanization is conducive to inhibiting the expansion of urban-rural income gap, and the conclusion is robust. ②Mechanism analysis shows that the upgrading of industrial structure and the improvement of technological innovation brought about by the construction of new-type urbanization have played an important role in alleviating the urban-rural income gap. ③Heterogeneity analysis shows that there is an intensity difference of "western >central >eastern>northeastern" in the impact of new-type urbanization on the urban-rural income gap. ④It is further found that digital economy and new-type urbanization have substitution effects in alleviating the urban-rural income gap, that is, in areas with low development level of digital economy, new-type urbanization has a more prominent positive role in inhibiting the expansion of urban-rural income gap. This study provides decision-making reference for the country to continuously promote the new-type urbanization strategy, implement the differentiated development strategy, and accelerate the construction of digital China, in order to promote the realization of common prosperity.

Key words: new-type urbanization, common prosperity, urban-rural income gap, digital economy

高星. 新型城镇化、数字经济与共同富裕：基于城乡收入分配视角[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(8): 101-113.

Xing GAO. New urbanization, digital economy and common prosperity: Based on the perspective of urban-rural income gap[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(8): 101-113.

图/表 9

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	指标属性
新型城镇化	城镇人口发展	城镇人口占总人口比重/%	+
		第三产业就业人员占比/%	+
		城镇人口密度/（人/km²）	+
	城镇经济发展	人均GDP/（元/人）	+
		第三产业产值占比/%	+
		城镇人均可支配收入/元	+
		城镇人均消费支出/元	+
	城镇社会发展	平均受教育年限/年	+
		城市燃气普及率/%	+
		每万人拥有的公共厕所数/座	+
		城镇恩格尔系数/%	－
	城镇空间发展	人均城市道路面积/ m²	+
		建成区面积占比/ %	+
		建成区经济密度/（亿元/km²）	+
	城镇生态环境发展	人均公园绿地面积/ m²	+
		建成区绿化覆盖率/%	+
		城市污水处理率/%	+

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	指标属性
新型城镇化	城镇人口发展	城镇人口占总人口比重/%	+
		第三产业就业人员占比/%	+
		城镇人口密度/（人/km²）	+
	城镇经济发展	人均GDP/（元/人）	+
		第三产业产值占比/%	+
		城镇人均可支配收入/元	+
		城镇人均消费支出/元	+
	城镇社会发展	平均受教育年限/年	+
		城市燃气普及率/%	+
		每万人拥有的公共厕所数/座	+
		城镇恩格尔系数/%	－
	城镇空间发展	人均城市道路面积/ m²	+
		建成区面积占比/ %	+
		建成区经济密度/（亿元/km²）	+
	城镇生态环境发展	人均公园绿地面积/ m²	+
		建成区绿化覆盖率/%	+
		城市污水处理率/%	+

变量名称	度量指标（变量符号）	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
城乡收入差距	泰尔指数（GAP）	0.087	0.039	0.018	0.202
新型城镇化	新型城镇化指数（NURBAN）	0.354	0.104	0.140	0.703
人力资本	平均受教育年限（Hc）	9.261	0.903	7.470	12.780
金融发展	贷款余额/GDP（Finance）	1.429	0.457	0.140	3.193
政府干预	财政支出/GDP（Gov）	11.419	3.315	4.110	20.384
人口老龄化	65岁及以上人口数/总人口数（Age）	10.863	2.651	5.473	18.805
对外贸易	外商投资企业货物进出口总额/GDP（Trade）	8.099	11.719	0.010	69.949

变量名称	度量指标（变量符号）	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
城乡收入差距	泰尔指数（GAP）	0.087	0.039	0.018	0.202
新型城镇化	新型城镇化指数（NURBAN）	0.354	0.104	0.140	0.703
人力资本	平均受教育年限（Hc）	9.261	0.903	7.470	12.780
金融发展	贷款余额/GDP（Finance）	1.429	0.457	0.140	3.193
政府干预	财政支出/GDP（Gov）	11.419	3.315	4.110	20.384
人口老龄化	65岁及以上人口数/总人口数（Age）	10.863	2.651	5.473	18.805
对外贸易	外商投资企业货物进出口总额/GDP（Trade）	8.099	11.719	0.010	69.949

变量	OLS	RE	FE
NURBAN	－0.106^***	－0.135^***	－0.144^***
	(－5.417)	(－11.048)	(－11.930)
常数项	0.282^***	0.220^***	0.194^***
	(14.124)	(10.908)	(9.505)
控制变量	控制	控制	控制
R²	0.696	0.460	0.801