主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

世界地理研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 51-62.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.03.20241118

• 国别与区域 • 上一篇    下一篇

非洲钴资源出口贸易格局演变与影响因素

高婷婷1,2,3(), 熊理然2(), 胡洋4   

  1. 1.云南师范大学,地理学部,昆明 650500
    2.云南师范大学,云南省环印度洋资源与安全国际联合实验室,昆明 650500
    3.西南联合研究生院,昆明 650092
    4.浙江师范大学非洲研究院,金华 321004
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-07-25 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 熊理然
  • 作者简介:高婷婷(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为非洲能源地理,E-mail:1311171560@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    全国影响力建设智库专项重大课题(ZKZD2024011);云南省环印度洋资源与安全国际联合实验室建设专项项目(202303AP140002)

Evolution and influencing factors of the export trade patterns of cobalt resource in Africa

Tingting GAO1,2,3(), Liran XIONG2(), Yang HU4   

  1. 1.a. Faculty of Geography, 1b. Yunan International Joint Laboratory of Indian Ocean Resources and Security, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China; 2. Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China; 3. Institute of African Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
  • Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-07-25 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-30
  • Contact: Liran XIONG

摘要:

随着全球能源转型加速推进,钴作为锂离子电池核心材料的战略价值日益凸显,拥有丰富钴资源的非洲成为新一轮大国竞争的焦点。本文基于联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade Database)的数据,综合运用GIS空间分析方法和复杂网络分析方法,从规模、空间格局、网络结构3个方面系统解析2014—2023年非洲钴资源出口贸易的演变特征,并探讨产业政策、国际关系与地缘政治形势对非洲钴资源出口贸易格局的影响。研究发现, 2014—2023年,非洲钴资源出口贸易总体呈蓬勃发展的态势,贸易格局呈现出规模震荡收缩、空间极化集聚、网络结构复杂化的阶段性演变特征,并由三重因素驱动:①非洲钴资源国实施的矿产品加工本土化政策延伸了本地矿业产业链,使得附加值更高的中游钴产品——钴氧化物——成为主要出口产品,但逐渐严格的矿业标准和环保法规导致出口规模呈现波动下降趋势;②国际关系及市场需求的变化促使非洲钴资源出口市场分布向美洲、亚洲和欧洲拓展,主要钴消费国积极寻求与非洲国家的合作,降低了非洲钴资源出口对单一市场的依赖性;③非洲钴资源出口贸易活动受钴矿开发区治安、运输通道地缘安全形势、大国竞争等复杂地缘政治形势的影响而面临巨大风险,这一状况削弱了非洲钴资源出口国与进口国之间贸易联系的稳定性。

关键词: 钴资源, 出口贸易, 演变特征, 复杂网络分析, 供应链安全, 非洲

Abstract:

With the accelerated global energy transition, the strategic value of cobalt as a core material for lithium-ion batteries has become increasingly prominent. Africa, which is rich in cobalt resources, has become the focus of a new round of major power competition. Based on the data from the UN Comtrade Database, this study comprehensively employs GIS spatial analysis and complex network analysis to systematically examine the evolutionary characteristics of cobalt resource export trade in Africa from 2014 to 2023, focusing on trade scale, spatial patterns, and network structure. The study finds that from 2014 to 2023, Africa's cobalt resource export trade has generally shown a vigorous development trend. The trade pattern has shown phased evolution characteristics of scale fluctuation and contraction, spatial polarization and agglomeration, and complex network structure evolution, driven by three factors: ① The implementation of local mineral product processing policies by African cobalt resource countries extend the local mining industry chain, making cobalt oxide, a midstream product with higher added value become the main export product. However, increasingly stringent mining standards and environmental regulations lead to oscillating declines in export volumes. ② Shifts in international relations and market demand redirecting Africa's cobalt exports toward the Americas, Asia, and Europe. Major cobalt-consuming countries actively seek partnerships with African nations, reducing reliance on single markets. ③ Risks arising from security challenges in cobalt mining zones, geopolitical instability along transport corridors, and great power competition weaken the stability of trade linkages between African exporters and partner countries.

Key words: cobalt resources, export trade, evolutionary features, complex network analysis, supply chain security, Africa