新冠疫情对非洲旅游业的影响研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.12.20230085

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新冠疫情对全球旅游业产生了巨大冲击。非洲作为世界重要旅游经济的增长区域，疫情对其旅游业影响备受学界关注，但现有研究较少从综合性和整体性视角对其进行探究。在整理相关资料的基础上，基于此类公共卫生事件对旅游业的影响路径，综合分析了新冠疫情对非洲旅游业的影响。利用ArcGIS的可视化功能对非洲北部、东部以及南部的国际旅游人数和国际旅游收入数据进行区域时空变化分析，并对埃及、毛里求斯、加纳和南非进行国家尺度上的分析，增加了对这一影响过程的微观认识。研究表明，非洲国际旅游人数和国际旅游收入在2020年跌幅较大。但从区域分析结果来看，疫情并没有改变原本的国际旅游人数和国际旅游收入总体空间格局。微观层面上的国别案例研究表明，面对疫情对旅游业的影响，非洲国家采用了一系列以经济手段为核心的措施复苏旅游业。后疫情时代，非洲国家应抓住机遇，积极开放旅游市场，推动旅游业发展，关注疫情后旅游市场新变化，适应旅游业复苏发展新趋势。

关键词: 新冠疫情, 旅游业, 非洲, 时空变化, 案例研究

Abstract:

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a huge impact on the global tourism industry. The tourism industry had been growing rapidly in Africa before the pandemic. So, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the tourism industry in Africa has attracted a lot of attention from academics, but the existing studies have seldom explored it from a comprehensive and holistic perspective. Based on the collation of relevant information, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the tourism industry in Africa is comprehensively analyzed based on the path of the impact of such public health events on the tourism industry. Utilizing ArcGIS visualization, we analyze regional spatial and temporal variations in international tourism numbers and receipts for Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa, as well as for Egypt, Mauritius, Ghana, and South Africa, providing a nuanced understanding of this impact process. The findings indicate that international tourism arrivals and receipts in Africa declined significantly in 2020. However, regional analysis shows that the COVID-19 epidemic did not alter the existing spatial patterns of international tourism numbers and receipts. Country case studies at the micro level reveal that African countries have implemented various economic measures to revive tourism amid the epidemic's impact. In the post-epidemic era, African nations should seize opportunities to actively expand the tourism market, promote development, monitor new changes in the tourism sector, and adapt to emerging trends in recovery and growth.

Key words: COVID-19, tourism industry, Africa, spatiotemporal change, case studies

王新蓓, 张振克, 郭新亚, 毕墨, 冯首铭. 新冠疫情对非洲旅游业的影响研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(12): 54-65.

Xinbei WANG, Zhenke ZHANG, Xinya GUO, Mo BI, Shouming FENG. The impact of the COVID-19 on the tourism industry in Africa[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(12): 54-65.

图/表 5

图1 新冠疫情对非洲旅游业的影响路径

Fig.1 The impact path of the coronavirus pandemic on Africa's tourism industry

图2 2020年4月—2021年6月非洲边境限制状况统计

Fig.2 Statistics on border restrictions in Africa， from April 2020 to June 2021

图3 国际旅游人数：世界各区域变化与非洲动态

Fig.3 International tourist arrivals： Regional changes worldwide and fluctuation in Africa

图4 国际旅游人数新冠疫情暴发前后空间格局及下降幅度（非洲北部、东部及南部）注：该图基于自然资源部标准地图GS（2023）2758号制作，底图无修改，以下地图同。

Fig.4 Spatial patterns and decline of international tourist arrivals before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 （Northern Africa， Eastern Africa， and Southern Africa）

图5 国际旅游收入疫情暴发前后空间格局及下降幅度（非洲北部、东部及南部）

Fig.5 Spatial patterns and decline of international tourist receipts before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 （Northern Africa， Eastern Africa， and Southern Africa）

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