中国旅游业碳生产率的区域差异及格局演变

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.04.20220388

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于中国30个省份2008—2019年旅游业及相关行业的面板数据，借助旅游消费剥离系数、空间自相关模型以及空间滞后模型，分析中国旅游业碳生产率的时空差异及影响因素。研究表明：（1）2008—2019年，中国旅游业碳生产率总体呈增长趋势，但空间分布不均，大体呈东高西低的空间格局，并且有向中、西部扩张的趋势。（2）中国旅游业碳生产率存在较强空间正自相关性，且在局部空间上的集聚性强于异质性，“热点”区域（H-H类型）主要邻近东部沿海地区，“冷点”区域（L-L类型）则主要分布在中、西部地区。（3）根据回归结果，仅产业结构体现出了正向影响，而经济发展程度、科技创新以及市场规模均呈现了负面影响。最后，针对性地提出提升我国旅游业碳生产率的对策建议。

关键词: 旅游业, 碳生产率, 区域差异, 格局演变

Abstract:

Based on panel data on tourism and related industries for 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019, this paper uses tourism consumption stripping coefficients, spatial autocorrelation models and spatial lag models to analyze the differences in carbon productivity in China's tourism industry over time and space and the factors influencing them. The research shows:(1) From 2008 to 2019, the overall carbon productivity of China's tourism industry has shown an increasing trend. However, the spatial distribution is uneven, generally showing the spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west, and there is a trend of expansion to the middle and west. (2) There is a strong positive spatial autocorrelation in the carbon productivity of China's tourism industry, and the agglomeration in the local space is stronger than the heterogeneity. The "hot spot" areas (H-H type) are mainly adjacent to the eastern coastal areas, while the "cold spot" areas (L-L type) are mainly located in the central and western regions. (3) The degree of economic development, technological innovation and market size have a significant negative effect on carbon productivity in tourism, and government intervention has a non-significant negative effect and industry structure has a non-significant positive effect. Finally, we propose countermeasures to improve the carbon efficiency of China's tourism industry.

Key words: tourism, carbon productivity, regional differences, pattern evolution

李华, 郑梦园, 熊力, 刘娟娟, 庞红丽. 中国旅游业碳生产率的区域差异及格局演变[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(4): 130-141.

Hua LI, Mengyuan ZHENG, Li XIONG, Juanjuan LIU, Hongli PANG. Regional differences and pattern evolution of carbon productivity in China's tourism industry[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(4): 130-141.

图/表 9

参考文献 33

1	方大春,张敏新.低碳经济的理论基础及其经济学价值.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(7):91-95.
	FANG D, ZHANG M. Theoretical basis of low carbon economy and its economic value. China Population, Resources and Environment,2011,21(7):91-95.
2	路小静,时朋飞,邓志伟,等.长江经济带旅游业绿色生产率测算与时空演变分析.中国人口·资源与环境,2019,29(7):19-30.
	LU X, SHI P, DENG Z, et al. Calculation of green production efficiency of tourism in the Yangtze River economic belt and analysis of its spatial and temporal evolution. China Population, Resources and Environment,2019,29(7):19-30.
3	The UN World Tourism Organization. Towards a lowcarbon travel and tourism sector. The World Economic Forum, 2009.
4	张丽峰.碳生产率的经济学背景及其内涵分析.经济问题探索,2013(5):37-41.
	ZHANG L. The economic background and connotation analysis of carbon productivity. Inquiry into Economic Issues,2013(5):37-41.
5	杨翔,李小平,周大川.中国制造业碳生产率的差异与收敛性研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2015,32(12):3-20.
	YANG X, LI X, ZHOU D. Study on the difference and convergence of carbon productivity in Chinese manufacturing. The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics,2015,32(12):3-20.
6	滕泽伟,胡宗彪,蒋西艳.中国服务业碳生产率变动的差异及收敛性研究.数量经济技术经济研究,2017,34(3):78-94.
	TENG Z, HU Z, JIANG X. Study on the difference and convergence of carbon productivity in China's service industry. The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics,2017,34(3):78-94.
7	卢飞,张广海,徐翠蓉.国内外旅游生态效率研究进展与启示:一个文献综述.资源开发与市场,2022,38(1):121-128.
	LU F, ZHANG G, XU C. Research progress and insights on tourism eco-efficiency: A review of the literature. Resource Development & Market,2022,38(1):121-128.
8	LI G, FANG C. Analyzing the multi-mechanism of regional inequality in China. The Annals of Regional Science, 2014, 52(1): 155-182.
9	QIU X, FANG Y, YANG X, et al. Tourism eco-efficiency measurement, characteristics, and its influence factors in China. Sustainability, 2017, 9(9): 16-34.
10	HU X, LIU C. Carbon productivity: A case study in the Australian construction industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 112: 2354-2362.
11	GÖSSLING S, PEETERS P, CERON J P, et al. The eco-efficiency of tourism. Ecological Economics, 2005, 54(4): 417-434.
12	王胜鹏,乔花芳,冯娟,等. 黄河流域旅游生态效率时空演化及其与旅游经济互动响应.经济地理,2020,40(5):81-89.
	WANG S, QIAO H, FENG J,et al. The spatio-temporal evolution of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin and its interactive response with tourism economy development level. Economic Geography,2020,40(5):81-89.
13	钱宏健,方叶兵,陆林,等.长三角城市群旅游生态效率时空演化特征及其影响因素研究.资源开发与市场,2022,38(3):350-359.
	QIAN H, FANG Y, LU L,et al. Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing fators of tourism eco-efficiency in Changjiang River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Resource Development & Market,2022,38(3):350-359.
14	SUN Y, HOU G, HUANG Z, et al. Spatial-temporal differences and influencing factors of tourism eco-efficiency in China's three major urban agglomerations based on the Super-Ebm Model. Sustainability, 2020, 12(10): 4156.
15	杨玉珍,闫佳笑,杨洋,等.黄河流域旅游生态效率时空演变及空间溢出效应——基于73个城市数据的分析.生态学报,2022(20):1-11.
	YANG Y, YAN J, YANG X,et al. The spatio-temporal evolution and spatial spillover effect of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin: Based on data from the 73 cities. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022(20):1-11.
16	岳立,雷燕燕,王杰.中国省域旅游业碳排放效率时空特征及影响因素分析.统计与决策,2020,36(16):69-73.
	YUE L, LEI Y, WANG J. Analysis on the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency of China's provincial tourism industry. Statistics & Decision,2020,36(16):69-73.
17	徐冬,黄震方,胡小海,等.浙江省县域旅游效率空间格局演变及其影响因素.经济地理,2018,38(5):197-207.
	XU D, HUANG Z, HU X,et al. The spatial pattern evolution and its influencing factors of county-scale tourism efficiency in Zhejiang Province. Economic Geography,2018,38(5):197-207.
18	LIU J, ZHANG J, FU Z. Tourism eco-efficiency of Chinese coastal cities-analysis based on the DEA-Tobit Model. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2017, 148:164-170.
19	平智毅,吴学兵,吴雪莲.长江经济带碳排放效率的时空差异及其影响因素分析.生态经济,2020,36(3):31-37.
	PING Z, WU X, WU X. Spatial-temporal differences and its influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency in the Yangtze River economic belt. Ecological Economy,2020,36(3):31-37.
20	郭卫香,孙慧.环境规制、技术创新对全要素碳生产率的影响研究——基于中国省域的空间面板数据分析.科技管理研究,2020,40(23):239-247.
	GUO W, SUN H. Research on impact of environmental regulation and technical innovation on total factor carbon productivity: Based on Chinese provinces spatial panel data analysis. Science and Technology Management Research,2020,40(23):239-247.
21	李江帆,李美云.旅游产业与旅游增加值的测算.旅游学刊,1999(5):16-19.
	LI J, LI M. Tourism industry and calculation of tourism added value. Tourism Tribune,1999(5):16-19.
22	韩元军,吴普.京津冀地区旅游业的碳排放测算与比较研究.人文地理,2016,31(4):127-134.
	HAN Y, WU P. The measurement and comparative study of carbon dioxide emissions from tourism industry of Beuing-Tianjin-Hebei. Human Geography,2016,31(4):127-134.
23	陈飞,诸大建.低碳城市研究的理论方法与上海实证分析.城市发展研究,2009,16(10):71-79.
	CHEN F, ZHU D. Theory of research on low-carbon city and Shanghai empirical analysis. Urban Development Studies,2009,16(10):71-79.
24	余姗,樊秀峰,蒋皓文.数字经济发展对碳生产率提升的影响研究.统计与信息论坛,2022,37(7):26-35.
	YU S, FAN X, JIANG H. Research on the impact of digital economy development on carbon productivity improvement. Journal of Statistics and Information,2022,37(7):26-35.
25	徐英启,程钰,王晶晶,等.中国低碳试点城市碳排放效率时空演变与影响因素.自然资源学报,2022,37(5):1261-1276.
	XU Y, CHENG Y, WANG J,et al. Temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of carbon emission efficiency in China's low-carbon pilot cities. Journal of Natural Resources,2022,37(5):1261-1276.
26	雷明,虞晓雯.地方财政支出、环境规制与我国低碳经济转型.经济科学,2013(5):47-61.
	LEI M, YU X. Local fiscal expenditure, environmental regulation and China's low-carbon economy transformation. Economic Science,2013(5):47-61.
27	NOVELLI M, SCHMITZ B, Networks SPENCER T., clusters and innovation in tourism : A UK experience. Tourism Management, 2006, 27(6): 1141-1152.
28	人民日报."十一五"时期国民经济和社会发展的目标.(2005-10-21)[2022-07-19]. .
	Daily People's. The goal of national economic and social development during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period.(2005-10-21)[2022-07-19]. .
29	新华社.李克强说,"十二五"规划确定的主要目标任务全面完成.(2016-03-05)[2022-07-19]. .
	Xinhua News Agency. Li Keqiang said that the main goals and tasks set in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" have been fully completed.(2016-03-05)[2022-07-19]. .
30	新华社.李克强介绍"十三五"时期主要目标任务和重大举措.(2016-03-05)[2022-07-19]. .
	Xinhua News Agency. Li Keqiang introduced the main goals, tasks and major measures during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.(2016-03-05)[2022-07-19]. .
31	刘佳,徐文强.碳排放约束下中国沿海地区旅游产业绿色创新效率时空分异与形成机制.资源开发与市场,2022,38(5):538-545.
	LIU J, XU W. Evolution trend and driving mechanism of green innovation efficiency of tourism industry in China's coastal areas under carbon emission constraints. Resource Development & Market,2022,38(5):538-545.
32	彭红松,章锦河,韩娅,等.旅游地生态效率测度的SBM-DEA模型及实证分析.生态学报,2017,37(2):628-638.
	PENG H, ZHANG J, HAN Y, et al. Measurement and empirical analysis of eco-efficiency in tourism destinations based on a Slack-based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysis Model. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(2):628-638.
33	王凯,马月琴,甘畅,等.中国旅游业全要素碳生产率动态演进及其影响因素.环境科学研究,2020,33(10):2388-2398.
	WANG K, MA Y, GAN C,et al. Dynamic evolution and influencing factors of total factor carbon productivity in China's tourism industry. Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(10):2388-2398.

年份	HH	LH	LL	HL
2008	皖、赣、闽、浙	鲁、鄂、沪	青、甘	渝、吉
2009	皖、闽、浙	鲁、沪、鄂	甘、内蒙古	渝
2010	闽、浙	鲁、沪、皖	甘、陕、川、渝、贵	—
2011	闽、浙	鲁、沪	内蒙古、渝、吉	甘
2012	闽、浙	鲁、沪	内蒙古、甘、陕、渝、吉	—
2013	浙、闽、沪	皖	甘、内蒙古、陕、宁、吉	川
2014	浙、沪	皖	甘、内蒙古、川、陕、渝、吉	—
2015	浙、沪	皖	甘、内蒙古、川、渝、黑	—
2016	沪	皖	青、甘、内蒙古	—
2017	沪	—	新、青、甘	渝
2018	—	冀	新、青、甘、川	渝
2019	—	冀、苏	新、青、甘、川、云、渝、湘	—

年份	HH	LH	LL	HL
2008	皖、赣、闽、浙	鲁、鄂、沪	青、甘	渝、吉
2009	皖、闽、浙	鲁、沪、鄂	甘、内蒙古	渝
2010	闽、浙	鲁、沪、皖	甘、陕、川、渝、贵	—
2011	闽、浙	鲁、沪	内蒙古、渝、吉	甘
2012	闽、浙	鲁、沪	内蒙古、甘、陕、渝、吉	—
2013	浙、闽、沪	皖	甘、内蒙古、陕、宁、吉	川
2014	浙、沪	皖	甘、内蒙古、川、陕、渝、吉	—
2015	浙、沪	皖	甘、内蒙古、川、渝、黑	—
2016	沪	皖	青、甘、内蒙古	—
2017	沪	—	新、青、甘	渝
2018	—	冀	新、青、甘、川	渝
2019	—	冀、苏	新、青、甘、川、云、渝、湘	—

变量	IPS检验		HT检验
变量	原序列	一阶差分序列	原序列	一阶差分序列
LnY	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.589）	（0.000）
LnX1	（0.008）	（0.000）	（0.246）	（0.000）
LnX2	（0.028）	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）
LnX3	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）
LnX4	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）
LnX5	（0.097）	（0.000）	（0.301）	（0.000）

变量	IPS检验		HT检验
变量	原序列	一阶差分序列	原序列	一阶差分序列
LnY	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.589）	（0.000）
LnX1	（0.008）	（0.000）	（0.246）	（0.000）
LnX2	（0.028）	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）
LnX3	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）
LnX4	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）	（0.000）
LnX5	（0.097）	（0.000）	（0.301）	（0.000）

协整检验方法	统计量	P值
Pedroni检验	Phillips-Perron t	(0.000)
Pedroni检验	ADF 检验	(0.000)
Kao检验	ADF 检验	(0.000)