主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

World Regional Studies ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 47-60.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.08.20250114

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The evolution of global production networks and the difference in contributions between China and the United States

Tao WANG1(), Yueying HE1, Dan ZHAO2()   

  1. 1.School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China
    2.School of Public Economics and Finance, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • Received:2025-02-23 Revised:2025-08-28 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-26
  • Contact: Dan ZHAO

全球生产网络演进与中美贡献差异

王涛1(), 和玥颖1, 赵丹2()   

  1. 1.山西财经大学,统计学院,太原 030006
    2.山西财经大学,财政与公共经济学院,太原 030006
  • 通讯作者: 赵丹
  • 作者简介:王涛(1981—),男,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为全球投入产出与资产负债,E-mail:wangtao@sxufe.edu.cn
    赵丹(1981—),女,副教授,博士,研究方向为国民经济管理,E-mail:zhaodan@sxufe.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目(25ATJ002);全国统计科学研究项目(2022LY095);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-120)

Abstract:

Based on the inter-country input-output tables of OECD, this paper constructs a global production network, and an economic pull effect model to explore the evolution of the global production network and the contribution differences between China and the United States. The study finds that from 1995 to 2020, the total global output has increased significantly, especially in the years following China's accession to the WTO. By calculating and comparing the coefficients of major countries in terms of input-output scale, value-added rate, production capacity level, and self-sufficiency, the research reveals the disparities among countries in the global production network. Overall, the United States maintains a leading position in high value-added and production capacity, while China gradually narrows the gap with rapid growth. Other countries show varying performances, with some developed economies slowing down and emerging economies growing significantly. Regarding the contribution of China and the United States to the global economy, China's pull on the total economic volume of other countries has exceeded that of the United States. There are significant differences in the pull patterns between China and the United States: China mainly pulls Asia and emerging economies, with a particularly significant impact on developing countries, and the pull growth rate is fast; in contrast, the United States has a more prominent pull on traditional allies and emerging markets, but the growth rate is relatively slow.

Key words: global production network, input-output table, dynamic evolution, pull effect

摘要:

本文基于OECD国家间投入产出表,刻画全球生产网络,采用经济拉动效应模型,探究全球生产网络的演进及中美两国的贡献差异。研究发现,1995 年至2020 年,全球总产出显著增长,尤其是在中国加入WTO后的数年间增长迅速。通过计算与比较全球主要国家的投入产出规模、增加值率、生产能力及自给能力等核心系数指标,本研究揭示了各国在全球生产网络中的地位差异。整体来看,美国在高附加值产品与生产能力方面保持领先地位,而中国则凭借自身经济快速增长,逐步缩小与美国的差距。同时,部分发达经济体经济增速放缓,而新兴经济体增速显著提升。从对全球经济的贡献来看,2020 年中国对全球其他国家经济总量的拉动效应超过美国。中美两国的拉动模式存在明显差异:中国主要拉动亚洲及其他新兴经济体的经济增长,对广大发展中国家的影响尤为显著,且拉动效应增速较快;相比之下,美国对传统盟友及新兴市场的拉动较为突出,但增速相对较慢。

关键词: 全球生产网络, 投入产出表, 动态演进, 拉动效应