Evolution and influencing factors of sustainable efficiency of port cities below Nanjing on the Yangtze River

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.07.20220095

Abstract

Abstract:

The completion of 12.5 m deep water navigation channel in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has an important impact on the development of port cities from Nanjing to Shanghai. In this research, we put the port system and the urban system into a holistic analysis system framework, the sustainable efficiency of nine port cities below the Nanjing on the Yangtze River is calculated by using the two stage SBM-DEA Model. The results showed that the sustainable efficiency of different port cities was all increased from 2011 to 2019. In terms of spatial distribution, the sustainable efficiency fluctuates in some regions, and the oceanic port was higher than the inland ports. And the industrial structure and foreign trade volume have a significant positive impact on the sustainable efficiency of the port cities, but economic level, population density and the number of talents have a negative correlation with sustainable efficiency of port cities. The comprehensive research on Port Geography and Urban Geography would enrich the understanding about the port-city interaction, and hopes that could contribute to the future researches on the port city sustainable development.

Key words: deep water navigation channel of the Yangtze River, port city development, sustainable efficiency, impact factors, port

摘要：

长江下游12.5 m深水航道的建成对长江南京以下港口与城市的发展具有重要影响。将港口系统与城市系统相结合，采用二阶段SBM-DEA模型对长江南京以下9个港口城市的可持续效率进行测算，结果表明：长江三角洲地区港口城市可持续效率值逐年增长；在空间分布上，可持续效率存在局部地区的效率值波动，呈现临海港口高于内河港口。产业结构、对外贸易量对港口城市可持续效率具有显著正向影响，而经济水平、人口密度和人才数量对其具有负向影响。研究丰富了港城互动方面的研究，可为促进港城绿色建设、提高港口城市可持续发展效率提供有益参考。

关键词: 长江深水航道, 港城发展, 可持续效率, 影响因素, 港口

Yuqi CHEN, Xuezhong JIANG. Evolution and influencing factors of sustainable efficiency of port cities below Nanjing on the Yangtze River[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(7): 116-127.

陈宇奇, 蒋雪中. 长江南京以下港口城市可持续效率演变与影响因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(7): 116-127.

Figures/Tables 9

References 36

1	HOYLE B. The port-city interface: Trends, problems and examples. Geoforum, 1989, 20(4): 429-435.
2	曹有挥, 蒋自然, 陈欢, 等. 长江沿岸港口体系的形成过程与机制. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(11): 1430-1440.
	CAO Y, JIANG Z, CHEN H, et al. The evolution course and mechanism of the port system along the Yangtze River. Progress in Geography, 2015, 34(11): 1430-1440.
3	张广兴, 刘东坡. 基于港口功能的临港产业与腹地产业演进共生模式研究. 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2011, 34(3): 65-71.
	ZHANG G, LIU D. On the evolutionary and symbiotic models of port-hinterland industries. Journal of Hebei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2011, 34(3): 65-71.
4	ROH S, THAI V V, WONG Y. Towards sustainable ASEAN port development: Challenges and opportunities for vietnamese ports. Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 2016, 32(2): 107-118.
5	沈秦伟, 韩增林, 郭建科. 港口物流与城市经济增长的关系研究——以大连为例. 地理与地理信息科学, 2013, 29(1): 69-73.
	SHEN Q, HAN Z, GUO J. Research on the relationship between port logistics and urban economic growth -- A case study of Dalian. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2013, 29(1): 69-73.
6	AKHAVAN M. Development dynamics of port-cities interface in the Arab Middle Eastern World--The case of Dubai global hub port-city. Cities, 2017(60): 343-352.
7	LIAO C H, TSENG P H, CULLINANE K, et al. The impact of an emerging port on the carbon dioxide emissions of inland container transport: An empirical study of Taipei Port. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(9): 5251-5257.
8	LEE T, YEO G T, THAI V V. Environmental efficiency analysis of port cities: Slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis approach. Transport Policy, 2014, 33(4): 82-88.
9	CUI Q. Environmental efficiency measures for ports: An application of RAM-Tobit-RAM with undesirable outputs. Maritime Policy & Management, 2017, 44(5): 1-14.
10	DE JONGE V N, PINTO R, TURNER R K. Integrating ecological, economic and social aspects to generate useful management information under the EU directives' 'ecosystem approach'. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2012, 68(11): 169-188.
11	镇璐, 诸葛丹, 汪小帆. 绿色港口与航运管理研究综述. 系统工程理论与实践, 2020, 40(8): 2037-2050.
	ZHEN L, ZHUGE D, WANG X. Researches on green ports and shipping management: An overview. Systems Engineering Theory & Practice, 2020, 40(8): 2037-2050.
12	赵宇哲, 刘芳. 生态港口评价指标体系的构建——基于R聚类、变异系数与专家经验的分析. 科研管理, 2015, 36(2): 124-132.
	ZHAO Y, LIU F. The ecological port evaluation indicator system based on r-cluster, coefficient of variation and expert experience. Science Research Management, 2020, 40(8): 2037-2050.
13	曾凡涛, 吕靖. 厦门港船舶排放清单及港口生态效率评价. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(5): 2304-2311.
	ZENG F, LV J. Ship emission inventory and valuation of eco-efficiency in Xiamen Port. China Environmental Science, 2020, 40(5): 2304-2311.
14	赵宇哲, 周晶淼, 钟逸雯, 等. 港口城市绿色增长发展机制研究——基于增长协同与资源约束的二重机制. 管理评论, 2018, 30(1): 46-59.
	ZHAO Y, ZHOU J, ZHONG Y, et al. Research on the green growth development mechanism of port-city: Based on dual mechanism of co-evolutionary growth and resource constraint. Management Review, 2018, 30(1): 46-59.
15	乔文怡, 管卫华, 王晓歌, 等. 基于绿色理念的港口城市耦合系统动力学研究——以连云港市为例. 南京师大学报(自然科学版), 2018, 41(1): 140-148.
	QIAO W, GUAN W, WANG X, et al. Study on the dynamics of port-city coupling system based on green concept--A case study of Lianyungang City. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 41(1): 140-148.
16	叶潇潇, 赵一飞. 基于聚类分析的长江三角洲港口群可持续发展水平评价. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(S1): 17-24.
	YE X, ZHAO Y. Evaluation of the sustainable development level of port based on the clustering methodology. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2016, 25(S1): 17-24.
17	SCHIPPER C A, VREUGDENHIL H, DE JONG M P C. A sustainability assessment of ports and port-city plans: Comparing ambitions with achievements. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, 2017(57): 84-111.
18	周亮, 车磊, 周成虎. 中国城市绿色发展效率时空演变特征及影响因素. 地理学报, 2019, 74(10): 2027-2044.
	ZHOU L, CHE L, ZHOU C. Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of urban green development efficiency in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(10): 2027-2044.
19	FRANTZESKAKI N, WITTMAYER J, LOORBACH D. The role of partnerships in 'realising' urban sustainability in Rotterdam's city ports area, The Netherlands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014(65): 406–417.
20	LAM J, YAP W. A stakeholder perspective of port city sustainable development. Sustainability, 2019, 11(2): 1-15.
21	杜浩, 周昱彤, 匡海波, 等. 基于三阶段超效率DEA的港口运行效率研究. 技术经济, 2021, 40(7): 22-35.
	DU H, ZHOU Y, KUANG H, et al. Research on port operation efficiency based on Three‑Stage Super‑Efficiency DEA. Technology Economics, 2021, 40(7): 22-35.
22	田鹏, 汪浩瀚, 李加林, 等. 东海海岸带县域城市生态效率评价及影响因素. 地理研究, 2021, 40(8): 2347-2366.
	TIAN P, WANG H, LI J, et al. Eco-efficiency evaluation and influencing factors analysis of county-level cities in the East China Sea coastal zone. Geographical Research, 2021, 40(8): 2347-2366.
23	ZHENG Y, ZHAO J, SHAO G. Port city sustainability: A review of its research trends. Sustainability, 2020, 12(8355): 1-17.
24	许麟, 马轶玮, 谭志国, 等. 深水航道对江苏港口的推动作用及港口发展策略分析. 水运工程, 2019(10): 9-13.
	XU L, MA Y, TAN Z, et al. Promoting role of deepwater channel to Jiangsu port and port development strategy. Port & Waterway Engineering, 2019(10): 9-13.
25	CHARNES A, COOPER W W, RHODES E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 1978, 2(6): 429-444.
26	叶士琳, 蒋自然, 祁新华. 长江南京以下集装箱码头效率时空演化及其影响因素. 地理研究, 2020, 39(8): 1782-1793.
	YE S, JIANG Z, QI X. Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of container terminals efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta. Geographical Research, 2020, 39(8): 1782-1793.
27	TONE K. A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 130(3): 498-509.
28	TONE K. A slacks-based measure of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 2002, 143(1): 32-41.
29	董博. 长江经济带省市生态效率测算及影响因素研究. 武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 33(2): 121-130.
	DONG B. Eco-efficiency calculation of provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its influencing factors. Wu Han University of Technology (Social Science Edition), 2020, 33(2): 121-130.
30	刘峻源, 周威平. 江苏沿江港口群空间协调发展研究. 南通大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 36(3): 39-48.
	LIU J, ZHOU W. Study of the spatial-coordinated development of the port group along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition, 2021, 2020, 36(3): 39-48.
31	郑兵云, 杨宏丰. "一带一路"中国沿海城市港口效率评价——基于DEA博弈交叉效率-Tobit模型. 数理统计与管理, 2021, 40(3): 502-514.
	ZHEN B, YANG H. Evaluation of port efficiency of China's coastal cities in "The Belt and Road"--Based on DEA Game Crossover Efficiency-Tobit Model. Journal of Applied Statistics and Management, 2021, 40(3): 502-514.
32	马轶玮, 刘翰卿, 朱苏辉, 等. 长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道二期工程初步效益分析. 水运工程, 2019(7): 9-12.
	MA Y, LIU H, ZHU SU, et al. Benefits analysis for 12.5 m deep-water channel second-phase project in the Yangtze River below Nanjing. Port & Waterway Engineering, 2019(7): 9-12.
33	牛方曲, 孙东琪. 资源环境承载力与中国经济发展可持续性模拟. 地理学报, 2019, 74(12): 2604-2613.
	NIU F, SUN D. Modelling the sustainability of China's growth based on the resource and environmental carrying capacity. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(12): 2604-2613.
34	王勇, 解延京, 刘荣, 等. 北上广深城市人口预测及其资源配置. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 352-366.
	WANG Y, XIE Y, LIU R, et al. Population prediction and resource allocation in megacities from the optimum population perspective: A case study of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(2): 352-366.
35	姜星. 人力资源管理对港口物流效率的影响分析. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2014.
	JIANG X. The influence of human resource management on the port logistics efficiency analysis. Dalian: Dalian Maritime University, 2014.
36	邵文欣. 南通港口集团人力资源规划方案研究. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2020.
	SHAO W. Study on the human resources planning solution of Nantong Port Group. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2020.

系统	指标	变量	单位	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差
港口	投入指标	码头长度	米	126 900	3 111	31 414.62	33 776.47
	投入指标	泊位数量	个	1 300	93	444.22	356.61
	输出指标	货物吞吐量	万吨	77 574.6	7 384.5	26 683.98	20 150.68
城市	投入指标	建成区面积	平方公里	1 237.9	163	477.91	321.96
		劳动力人数	万人	1 376.2	182.14	376.45	145.14
		总耗电量	亿千瓦时	1 562.49	151.09	482.63	356.14
		货物吞吐量	万吨	77 574.6	7 384.5	26 683.98	20 150.68
	期望产出	GDP	亿元	38 155.32	1 956.64	9 098.06	7 798.581
	非期望产出	CO₂	百万吨	230.71	29.08	75.52	52.90
	非期望产出	SO₂	万吨	26.32	0.61	6.6193	5.46

系统	指标	变量	单位	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差
港口	投入指标	码头长度	米	126 900	3 111	31 414.62	33 776.47
	投入指标	泊位数量	个	1 300	93	444.22	356.61
	输出指标	货物吞吐量	万吨	77 574.6	7 384.5	26 683.98	20 150.68
城市	投入指标	建成区面积	平方公里	1 237.9	163	477.91	321.96
		劳动力人数	万人	1 376.2	182.14	376.45	145.14
		总耗电量	亿千瓦时	1 562.49	151.09	482.63	356.14
		货物吞吐量	万吨	77 574.6	7 384.5	26 683.98	20 150.68
	期望产出	GDP	亿元	38 155.32	1 956.64	9 098.06	7 798.581
	非期望产出	CO₂	百万吨	230.71	29.08	75.52	52.90
	非期望产出	SO₂	万吨	26.32	0.61	6.6193	5.46

年份	港口			城市			可持续
年份	综合技术效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	综合技术效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	综合技术效率	纯技术效率	规模效率
2010	0.416 4	1.013 7	0.419 4	0.343 1	0.742 7	0.544 9	0.379 7	0.878 2	0.482 2
2011	0.440 8	0.945 4	0.464 0	0.382 1	0.709 8	0.613 3	0.411 4	0.827 6	0.538 6
2012	0.444 5	0.877 1	0.494 0	0.417 1	0.696 5	0.658 1	0.430 8	0.786 8	0.576 1
2013	0.457 9	0.842 2	0.520 1	0.441 9	0.683 3	0.693 2	0.449 9	0.762 8	0.606 6
2014	0.455 5	0.805 4	0.542 9	0.478 2	0.704 0	0.719 8	0.466 8	0.754 7	0.631 4
2015	0.461 3	0.801 5	0.549 8	0.516 3	0.751 4	0.728 8	0.488 8	0.776 4	0.639 3
2016	0.438 0	0.714 3	0.588 6	0.570 3	0.775 8	0.762 7	0.504 1	0.745 1	0.675 6
2017	0.464 8	0.703 3	0.633 0	0.714 6	0.866 9	0.837 6	0.589 7	0.785 1	0.735 3
2018	0.485 7	0.703 6	0.688 8	0.774 2	0.923 4	0.846 1	0.629 9	0.813 5	0.767 4
2019	0.573 6	0.806 7	0.728 7	0.907 5	0.979 2	0.923 8	0.740 6	0.892 9	0.826 2
均值	0.463 8	0.821 3	0.562 9	0.554 5	0.783 3	0.732 8	0.509 2	0.802 3	0.647 9

年份	港口			城市			可持续
年份	综合技术效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	综合技术效率	纯技术效率	规模效率	综合技术效率	纯技术效率	规模效率
2010	0.416 4	1.013 7	0.419 4	0.343 1	0.742 7	0.544 9	0.379 7	0.878 2	0.482 2
2011	0.440 8	0.945 4	0.464 0	0.382 1	0.709 8	0.613 3	0.411 4	0.827 6	0.538 6
2012	0.444 5	0.877 1	0.494 0	0.417 1	0.696 5	0.658 1	0.430 8	0.786 8	0.576 1
2013	0.457 9	0.842 2	0.520 1	0.441 9	0.683 3	0.693 2	0.449 9	0.762 8	0.606 6
2014	0.455 5	0.805 4	0.542 9	0.478 2	0.704 0	0.719 8	0.466 8	0.754 7	0.631 4
2015	0.461 3	0.801 5	0.549 8	0.516 3	0.751 4	0.728 8	0.488 8	0.776 4	0.639 3
2016	0.438 0	0.714 3	0.588 6	0.570 3	0.775 8	0.762 7	0.504 1	0.745 1	0.675 6
2017	0.464 8	0.703 3	0.633 0	0.714 6	0.866 9	0.837 6	0.589 7	0.785 1	0.735 3
2018	0.485 7	0.703 6	0.688 8	0.774 2	0.923 4	0.846 1	0.629 9	0.813 5	0.767 4
2019	0.573 6	0.806 7	0.728 7	0.907 5	0.979 2	0.923 8	0.740 6	0.892 9	0.826 2
均值	0.463 8	0.821 3	0.562 9	0.554 5	0.783 3	0.732 8	0.509 2	0.802 3	0.647 9

变量	变量名称/符号	变量定义	单位
被解释变量	可持续效率/ Y	各港口城市可持续效率值
解释变量	经济水平/ X₁	人均GDP	人/万元
	人口密度/ X₂	常住人口与城市行政面积之比	人/km²
	产业结构/ X₃	第三产业占比	%
	人才数量/ X₄	普通高等院校人数	万人
	贸易往来/ X₅	对外贸易量	亿元