Research on spatial pattern characteristic and disparity of tourism resource and inbound tourism along the Silk Road Economic Belt

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.03.2019701

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the theory of spatial mismatch, using tourism resource abundance index, and 2D matrix method, the papers analyzes and compares the tourism resource degree, inbound tourism quality, and their spatial pattern character and disparity among eighteen countries in the Silk Road Economic Belt. The main results are followed: Firstly, the quantity and quality of tourism resource are clearly polarized along the Silk Road Economic Belt, Western Europe is the best, such as Germany, UK, Italy and France, they have many tourism resource of various types and high quality, and Central Asia is the weakest including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. Because their tourism resources are single, there are relatively few opportunities for tourism cooperation between countries in Central Asia. Inbound tourism development quality also shows similar characteristics. Secondly, from the two dimensional matrix, tourism resource distribution and inbound tourism quality show a weaker coordination trend, and the typical characteristic is that the tourism resource concentration is slightly higher than that of the inbound tourism development. The accumulation of tourism resource has obvious international tourism orientation, and more than two-thirds of the countries occurred mismatch in the Silk Road Economic Belt, among them the countries where the occurred mismatch ar those in Central Europe and Western Asia. Russia and India obviously occur mismatch, but Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan do not occur mismatch. Inbound tourism level needs to be improved in high mismatch countries. At last, spatial consistency characteristic is significantly regional difference in four areas. It always shows that tourism resource concentration is higher than that of the inbound tourism. Asia is relatively the best, Central Europe is better and Eastern Europe is the worst.Suggestions are as follows: to firm the development concept of "interconnection, equality, tolerance, cooperation and win-win"; to establish an international tourism cooperation alliance, supervise and implement relevant strategic deployment and key projects; to build a sharing mechanism based on seeking common ground while shelving differences, substantially improve the level of tourism cooperation and integration between countries and degree of coordinated development; to create world-class tourism routes and tourism resource famous brands in Silk Road Economic Belt, and enhance the influence and level of international tourism development.

Key words: the Silk Road Economic Belt, tourism resource, inbound tourism, spatial pattern

摘要：

利用旅游资源丰度指数、旅游流质指数、空间一致性系数和二维矩阵等方法，定量比较分析了丝绸之路经济带沿线18个主要国家旅游资源丰度，入境旅游发展质量，以及旅游资源分布与入境旅游发展质量的空间格局特征与差异。研究表明：丝绸之路经济带沿线国家旅游资源数量与质量差异显著，正形成两极分化突出的格局，中西欧国家最优，中亚国家最弱，入境旅游发展质量也呈现出相似的特征。旅游资源资源分布与入境旅游发展质量，呈现较明显的弱协调性，旅游资源集聚具有较明显的国际旅游导向性，两者发生错位的国家超过三分之二。空间一致性表现为显著的区域差异特征，亚洲相对较好，中西欧次之，东欧最弱。为推进沿线国际旅游合作，提出如下建议：坚定“互联互通、平等包容和合作共赢”发展理念，成立国际旅游合作联盟，督促与落实相关战略部署与重点项目；在求同存异基础上，建立共享机制，提高国家间旅游合作一体化水平和协同发展程度；共同打造丝绸之路经济带世界级旅游线路与旅游资源品牌，着力提升国际旅游发展影响力。

关键词: 丝绸之路经济带, 旅游资源, 入境旅游, 空间格局

Jianjun SU, Li GUAN, Yu ZHANG. Research on spatial pattern characteristic and disparity of tourism resource and inbound tourism along the Silk Road Economic Belt[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(3): 509-519.

苏建军, 关丽, 张毓. 丝绸之路经济带沿线国家旅游资源与入境旅游发展空间格局特征与差异[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 509-519.

Figures/Tables 6

Tab.1 Tourism resource distribution in 18 countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt

地域	国家	世界自然保护区/个	世界自然遗产/个	世界文化遗产/个	旅游资源总数/个
南亚（2）	巴基斯坦、印度	850	9	35	894
中亚（5）	哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦	220	4	13	237
西亚北非（5）	埃及、约旦、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、土耳其	977	6	53	1036
西欧（4）	法国、英国、德国、意大利	43333	18	154	43505
东欧（2）	俄罗斯、乌克兰	16500	11	24	16535
总计		61880	48	279	62207

Tab.2 Abundance index and rank of tourism resource in 18 countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt

国家	多样化指数H	等级分L	总得分T	品质度Q	丰度指数TR	排序
德国	1.181	7832.440	9248.667	0.401	0.474	1
俄罗斯	1.179	3833.836	4520.838	0.401	0.473	2
英国	1.126	3982.073	4483.333	0.383	0.431	3
意大利	1.038	1343.335	1393.768	0.353	0.366	4
法国	1.027	1628.554	1671.999	0.349	0.358	5
印度	0.846	240.737	203.599	0.287	0.243	6
乌克兰	0.541	1786.133	966.318	0.184	0.099	7
土耳其	0.443	12.471	5.528	0.149	0.066	8
伊朗	0.424	70.253	29.812	0.144	0.061	9
哈萨克斯坦	0.280	38.704	10.852	0.095	0.027	10
埃及	0.246	19.333	4.750	0.083	0.020	11
约旦	0.228	12.879	2.935	0.077	0.018	12
乌兹别克斯坦	0.209	7.785	1.630	0.071	0.015	13
吉尔吉斯斯坦	0.175	12.892	2.261	0.060	0.010	14
塔吉克斯坦	0.152	9.497	1.444	0.052	0.008	15
巴基斯坦	0.144	62.516	8.978	0.049	0.007	16
沙特阿拉伯	0.099	25.135	2.488	0.034	0.003	17
土库曼斯坦	0.076	11.884	0.903	0.026	0.002	18

Tab.3 Tourism flow index and rank of inbound tourism in 18 countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt

国家	流质指数均值	排名	2016年流质指数	排名	国家	流质指数均值	排名	2016年流质指数	排名
印度	2.184	1	1.817	1	伊朗	0.728	10	0.960	7
德国	1.908	2	1.668	3	沙特	0.630	11	0.771	9
英国	1.720	3	1.790	2	俄罗斯	0.575	12	0.598	12
约旦	1.112	4	1.468	4	塔吉克斯坦	0.455	13	0.547	13
巴基斯坦	1.079	5	0.981	6	哈萨克斯坦	0.271	14	0.302	14
意大利	0.996	6	0.883	8	乌克兰	0.232	15	0.148	16
土耳其	0.968	7	1.010	5	吉尔吉斯斯坦	0.212	16	0.187	15
埃及	0.957	8	0.720	10	乌兹别克斯坦	0.035	17	0.081	17
法国	0.794	9	0.706	11	土库曼斯坦	0.000	18	0.000	18

Tab.4 Clustering type of tourism resource abundance index and inbound tourism flow index in 18 countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt

类型	旅游资源丰度指数	入境旅游流流质指数
高	德国、英国、俄罗斯	印度
中高	意大利、法国	英国、德国
中低	印度	俄罗斯、意大利、法国、土耳其、埃及、约旦、巴基斯坦、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、塔吉克斯坦
低	土耳其、埃及、约旦、巴基斯坦、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、乌克兰、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦	乌克兰、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦

Tab.5 Evaluation of tourism resource abundance index and inbound tourism development quality spatial consistency in 18 countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt

类型与标准	国家数量/个	旅游资源数量/个	入境旅游收入/亿美元
旅游资源远低于入境旅游集聚( $C T I ≤ 0.2$ )	5（27.778）	915（1.486）	70.193（24.108）
旅游资源较低于入境旅游集聚( $0.2 < C T I < 0.8$ )	5（27.778）	9104（14.784）	97.591（33.518）
旅游资源与入境旅游集聚基本一致( $0.8 ≤ C T I < 1.3$ )	4（22.222）	11951（19.406）	56.700（19.474）
旅游资源略高于入境旅游集聚( $1.3 ≤ C T I < 2.2$ )	1 （5.556）	23044（37.419）	52.129（17.904）
旅游资源高于入境旅游集聚( $2.2 ≤ C T I < 3.8$ )	1 （5.556）	11280（18.316）	12.823（4.401）
旅游资源较高于入境旅游集聚( $3.8 ≤ C T I < 5.2$ )	1 （5.556）	35（0.056）	-
旅游资源远高于入境旅游集聚( $C T I ≥ 5.2$ )	1 （5.556）	5255（8.533）	0.114（0.592）

Tab.5 Evaluation of tourism resource abundance index and inbound tourism development quality spatial consistency in 18 countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt

类型与标准	国家数量/个	旅游资源数量/个	入境旅游收入/亿美元
旅游资源远低于入境旅游集聚( $C T I ≤ 0.2$ )	5（27.778）	915（1.486）	70.193（24.108）
旅游资源较低于入境旅游集聚( $0.2 < C T I < 0.8$ )	5（27.778）	9104（14.784）	97.591（33.518）
旅游资源与入境旅游集聚基本一致( $0.8 ≤ C T I < 1.3$ )	4（22.222）	11951（19.406）	56.700（19.474）
旅游资源略高于入境旅游集聚( $1.3 ≤ C T I < 2.2$ )	1 （5.556）	23044（37.419）	52.129（17.904）
旅游资源高于入境旅游集聚( $2.2 ≤ C T I < 3.8$ )	1 （5.556）	11280（18.316）	12.823（4.401）
旅游资源较高于入境旅游集聚( $3.8 ≤ C T I < 5.2$ )	1 （5.556）	35（0.056）	-
旅游资源远高于入境旅游集聚( $C T I ≥ 5.2$ )	1 （5.556）	5255（8.533）	0.114（0.592）

Fig.1 Spatial consistency of tourism resource and inbound tourism development quality in each region along the Silk Road Economic Belt

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