Abstract:

As an important trade route and migration channel in southwest China, the tea-horse Ancient Road promotes the formation and evolution of commercial settlements along the road due to the long-term trade activities and population migration. Taking the section of ea-horse Ancient Road in Sichuan as an example, based on the nearest proximity-index, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis, gravity center analysis and other spatial analysis and measurement geographical methods, this paper discusses the influence of trade route changes on the distribution and evolution of commercial ancient towns and villages and its mechanism. The results show that: ① The traffic change process of ancient tea-horse road in Sichuan can be divided into two stages,. ② The changes of trade routes affect the distribution pattern, evolution center and evolution direction of ancient commercial villages and towns along the route. During the Pre-Qin and Han dynasties, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the commercial ancient towns and villages evolved from Ya'an to Dujiangyan, along the Minjiang River to Maoxian and Markang, and then to the western Sichuan region during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.The evolutionary center of gravity showed a migration from Ya 'an to the north, then back to Ya'an and turns to the west. Ripley's K function quantitatively described the process of outward diffusion and inward agglomeration of ancient commercial villages and towns. ③The spatial path, regional environment, government policies, settlement residents and other factors of trade routes have led, driven, regulated and responded to the evolution of commercial ancient villages and towns.

Key words: tea-horse ancient road, ancient commercial villages and towns, spatial evolution, Ripley's K function

摘要：

茶马古道作为西南地区重要的贸易线路和移民通道，长期进行的贸易活动和人口迁移促进了沿线地区商贸型古村镇的形成和演化。以茶马古道四川段为例，基于最邻近指数、Ripley's K函数、核密度分析、重心分析等空间分析和计量地理方法，探讨古道交通变迁对商贸型古村镇分布演化的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明：①四川茶马古道的交通变迁过程可分为两个阶段，明清以前主要分布在岷江上游地区，沟通川西盆地和黄河上游的河谷草原，明清以后主要分布在川西藏区，连接着川西和藏东南。②四川茶马古道交通变迁影响了沿线商贸型古村镇的分布格局、演化重心和演化方向。从先秦两汉至隋唐五代时期，商贸型古村镇呈现出从雅安一带往都江堰，沿岷江北上向茂县、马尔康方向演化，直至宋元明清时期，转向川西地区集聚。演化重心呈现出从雅安往北、再回到雅安一带并往西迁移，Ripley's K函数定量描述了商贸型古村镇这一外向扩散和内向集聚的过程。③古道的空间路径、地域环境、贸易政策、古村镇居民等因素分别对商贸型古村镇的演化产生主导、驱动、调节和反馈的作用机制。

关键词: 茶马古道, 商贸型古村镇, 空间演化, Ripley's K函数