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Population growth and spatial distribution pattern of Russia since the 21st century Nanchen CHU, Pingyu ZHANG, Xiangli WU, He LI, Qifeng YANG 2021, 30(6): 1115-1126.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2019656 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1652KB) ( )   Under the background of "the Belt and Road" and "the economic corridor of China, Mongolia and Russia" initiatives, the paper evaluated the population growth trend of the Russia from different scales, then analyzed the change of population spatial pattern in Russia using the methods of the population gravity center change and the population density change. Next the paper summarized the characteristics and structure of the current Russian population distribution pattern. Finally, based on the perspective of inter regional migration, this paper explained the reasons why the Russia's population spatial pattern changed. The results are as following. First, from 1992 to 2007, the population of Russia shows a decreasing trend. But the population of Russia has been growing since 2008. In the eight Russian federal districts, the Central Federal District's population has been growing, while the population of Volga Federal District, Siberian Federal District and Far East Federal District has been decreasing. In the eighty-three Russian federal subjects, the population of Moscow, St. Petersburg, and the federal subjects where are in the Ural Federal District, and south of North-Caucasian Federal District has been increasing rapidly. The population of the federal subjects where are in the Siberian Federal District has been growing slowly. The population of the federal subjects where are around Moscow Region, in the east of Far East Federal District, and in the Volga Federal District has been decreasing slowly. The population of the federal subjects where are in the north of North West Federal District has been decreasing rapidly. Second, the inter regional migration of Russian population is main factor that affects the change of population spatial pattern in Russia. Spatially, Russia's population gravity centre has moved to the northwest direction. The population density of Moscow and St. Petersburg has been increasing rapidly, while that of Siberian Federal District and Far East Federal District has been decreasing slowly. These phenomenon strengthen the formation of Russian population boundary line—"St. Petersburg- Tyva Republic line". The population concentration of the federal subjects located at the southwest side of "St. Petersburg- Tyva Republic line" line is higher than that of the federal subjects on the northeast side of "St. Petersburg- Tyva Republic line. Finally, the current Russia's population shows the "High West, Low East" and "High Europe, Low Asia" spatial pattern, which in general displays a tendency of space attenuation from the western Europe to eastern Asia. It also shows the "one horizontal, four vertical, two regiments and several regional groups" spatial structure, which one horizontal refers to the Trans-Siberian railway, four vertical refer to the four Russian inland rivers, and two regiments refer to the Moscow urban agglomeration and St. Petersburg urban agglomeration. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The evolution of geo-relations between China and Southeast Asian countries based on GDELT Bing LI, Fei PENG 2021, 30(6): 1127-1139.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020251 Abstract ( )   PDF (1581KB) ( )   Based on the GDELT news event data, geo-relations were divided into conflict and cooperation. We also explored the evolution characteristics, driving factors and laws of the geographical relationship between China and Southeast Asian countries. Firstly, the geo-relations between China and Southeast Asian countries from 1979 to 2019 were divided into time stages by Sequential Cluster Method, then the methods of social network and community exploration and analysis were used to further analyze and interpret the structural relationship between 12 countries. Finally, the Shannon entropy equilibrium degree was used to analyze the bilateral relationship between China and Southeast Asian countries. Four main results are presented: First, the evolution of geo-relations between China and Southeast Asian countries shows the characteristics of stages and steps, which has gone through three stages. The trend of cooperation and conflict in each stage is similar, but the change of conflict is more drastic than that of cooperation. In addition, China's cooperation and conflicts gradually increase with the deepening of Southeast Asian countries' dependence on China's economy. Second, geographically concentrated and adjacent countries are more likely to form the same community. The relationships between the 12 countries are dominated by cooperation, and the scope of cooperation between countries has evolved from within the same community to different communities. In addition, China has gradually become the core of the network, the scope of cooperation between China and other countries has gradually expanded, and individual countries that have disputes with China over the South China Sea issue are more prone to conflicts. Third, in each stage, the bilateral relations between some countries are prominent, and the driving factors of different bilateral relations are also different, but the main problems are the state-to-state relations between China and Vietnam and the South China Sea issue. In addition, economic interests are the booster to promote the evolution of geo-relations. Fourth, in the short term, the South China Sea issue will still lead to local conflicts, but in the long run, the win-win trend of cooperation in the region is more obvious, in which the cooperation between countries with China as the core will cover 11 countries in Southeast Asia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis of the transboundary ethnic problems and governance difficulties in the enclave of Cabinda in Angola Rongxiu DENG, Hongwu LIU 2021, 30(6): 1140-1150.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020821 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (813KB) ( )   Transboundary ethnic groups and the separatism movement caused by them have always been the key issues in ethnology, sociology and international relations. This paper studies the secessionist movement in the Enclave of Cabinda in Angola, and focuses on the governance dilemma brought by its special geographical location to the Angolan government. On the basis of reviewing the history of the Cabinda separatist movement, this paper argues that the issue of transboundary ethnic groups is the root cause of Cabinda separatist movement, and that the enclave characteristics increases the difficulty of governing the issue in Angola from different angles. This is reflected in the failure to make the local people have national identity in Angola, greatly reducing the difficulty of external interference and making the development demands of the local residents hard to be satisfied. This paper also argues that the secessionist ideological trend of transboundary ethnic groups seems reasonable, but its cultural particularity does not necessarily translate into the political rationality of the secessionist movement. At the same time, although many existing borders in African countries are unreasonable, changes to them are unlikely to lead to better economic and social development for transboundary ethnic groups. In addition, the influence of borders on the operating mode of separatist organizations should be a topic worthy of further study. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and mechanism analysis of the geo-integrated risk of Indochina Peninsula Fangfang ZHANG, Hui LIU, Tao SONG, Wuzhati YEERKEN 2021, 30(6): 1151-1162.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020478 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (714KB) ( )   The Indochina Peninsula is an important area for the construction of the "Belt and Road". The comprehensive risk assessment system is constructed from the four dimensions of politics, economy, society and natural environment. And then, the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to assess the comprehensive risk and evolution of the Indochina Peninsula and five major countries. The results show that: (1) The comprehensive risk of the Indochina Peninsula is a medium to high level risk, of which political and economic risks are relatively high. (2) There are obvious spatial differences of the comprehensive risk. The average value of the comprehensive risk(U) is Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam in order from high to low. (3) From 2012 to 2018, the overall political risks of the five countries were relatively stable and showed a slight downward trend, of which political and social risks fluctuated significantly. (4) The key risk factors and mechanisms of the five countries are different. Finally, suggestions for risk prevention in different countries are put forward. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study on smart city construction paths of London and Shanghai Tianjiao CHU 2021, 30(6): 1163-1174.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020776 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (578KB) ( )   In the past ten years, building smart cities has become a global movement. Unmatched with the upsurge of smart city construction, smart city has always been a vague concept and has not yet formed a universally accepted definition, which has also caused confusion among researchers and policy makers. This paper combs the existing concept of smart city, and holds that the concept of smart city is undergoing a process of evolution from the perspective of supply to the perspective of demand. Applying these two concepts of smart city from different perspectives, two construction paths, sequential promotion and reverse planning, are formed. Shanghai is the typical representative of the former construction path, while London is the practitioner of the latter. In the process of promoting the construction of smart cities along different paths, the two cities have formed their respective advantages and disadvantages. A comparative study of the construction paths of Shanghai and London shows that there is no single model for the construction of smart cities. The ideal construction paths of smart cities should be able to integrate the advantages of the two paths and adjust them timely according to different stages of development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal difference and influencing factors of network attention to Russia in China Jiyao YAN, Yuan ZHAO, Panpan CUI, Xuqi GUO 2021, 30(6): 1175-1186.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020190 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (830KB) ( )   Based on the baidu index data of 31 provinces in the mainland of China related to "Russian tourism"from 2014 to 2018. This paper analysis the spatial-temporal difference and influencing factors of network attention to Russia in China by using the methods of Gini coefficient, primacy, seasonal intensity index and geographical detector.The results show that:(1)From 2014 to 2018, there is a positive correlation between the network attention and the actual number of tourists to Russia. In the past five years, the network attention has grown rapidly, and the network attention of each month has become more balanced;(2)The network attention is high in the East and the south, but low in the West and the north. While the seasonal intensity index is contrary to the distribution of network attention; The distribution of network attention in each province has changed from polarization distribution to relative equilibrium distribution; the primacy of network attention in each province is not significant, and the primacy in the northern region is the highest;(3)The level of network attention in each province has little change, and the difference between the eastern and western provinces is obvious.The areas of high concern are always Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, while the areas of low concern are mainly in the west, forming a continuous distribution pattern of Gansu-Ningxia- Qinghai-Tibet;(4)The level of economic development, the popularity of the Internet and the openness of domestic tourism are core factors affecting the spatial differentiation. The proportion of urban population, the degree of convenient transportation to Russia and the average temperature in summer in tourist source areas also play an important role. Finally, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of increasing Internet marketing, promoting the opening of direct flights to Russia, and developing personalized diversified tourism products, so as to provide theoretical guidance and practical enlightenment for the development of China's tourism to Russia. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation and nomination strategies of world heritage properties in Africa Siye HONG, Shizhen XIAO, Meng ZHU 2021, 30(6): 1187-1198.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020345 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (961KB) ( )   This paper analyzed the current situation and criteria for inscription of the world heritage properties in Africa, using spatial analysis and statistical methods. It was found that: 1) the distribution of world heritage properties in Africa region is characterized by regional agglomeration, close to densely populated and economically developed areas, along the coastlines and rivers; 2) from the perspective of spatial distribution equilibrium, the distribution of world heritage properties shows an unbalanced pattern, more in the east and north while fewer in the west and south; 3) the spatial distribution of the world heritage properties is the result of comprehensive effects of natural environment, regional economy, population, and urbanization level; 4) The inscribed cultural heritage properties mainly include cultural landscape, historic town and ancient civilization. The heritage route type is supplemented in the tentative lists of Africa region. The inscribed natural heritage properties are mostly related with biological habitats and geomorphologic landscapes. A few geological heritage properties are inscribed on the tentative list. Generally speaking, Africa region should pay more attention to the nomination of natural heritage, mixed heritage and transnational heritage, improve the nomination mechanism of world heritage, and encourage states parties with no world heritages to submit proposals. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The metaphor of "Great Divergence": A reexamination of the logic of the development of handicraft industry in China and Western Europe (7-14th Century) Lulin XIANG, Jinpeng ZHANG, Xiyan CUN 2021, 30(6): 1199-1207.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020195 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (608KB) ( )   Behind the colorful appearance of "Great Divergence" theory and the contention of several schools, the essence was to question and challenge the "Western-centered Theory" by constructing its own discourse system. From the perspective of historical practice, the industrial revolution was the watershed of the economic development of China and the west, and handicraft industry, as the forerunner of the industrial revolution, had shone brilliantly in the history of China and the west. From the 7th to the 14th century, due to the fundamental differences in agricultural landscape, China and Western Europe formed their own dominant handcraft industries -- silk and woolen.In terms of development logic of western and Chinese were both display division refinement, namely from the industry division of labor to the development of division of labor, the characteristics of the product market increased, but the division of labor in China was mainly government demand may coexist in the manual workshop, Western Europe was split by the market development and widely distributed in the cities and suburbs; Under the influence of the " Skinnerian Model " level market, China lacked the sense of competition among the silk producing areas. In Western Europe, Flanders, Italy and England competed with each other in the common regional or overseas markets. Different levels of division of labor and route dependence of origin competition were a metaphor for the "great divergence" of Chinese and western economic development after the industrial revolution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution and influencing factors of urban network linkage patterns in China: From the perspective of enterprise network Yu YANG, Kerong SHENG 2021, 30(6): 1208-1218.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2019128 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1324KB) ( )   From the perspective of enterprise network, this paper studied the evolution of urban network association pattern in China and influencing factors by using subordinate network model and QAP model. The results shows: (1)the whole network is flattened but the urban network's hierarchy isn't disappearing ;(2)from the perspective of the trend of network connection, the cities' relationship is becoming more closer and the scale of the network is becoming larger and larger but the overall relationship is still relatively loose, and the eastern part is well developed, however the central and western parts are imperfect, and the eastern cities radiation effect is becoming stronger ;(3)the whole network shows typical "small world" effect and "small world" effect is more and more obvious; (4)the number of sub-groups is increasing and few cities appear in the sub-group, indicating that most of the links occur between core cities.(5)urban scale, urban resources and production costs have a significant impact on the formation of urban network correlation pattern. If cities' scale is more similar, the resource gap is smaller, the production cost gap is bigger, and it is easier for cities to connect. Also, the urban network's development is deeply influenced by historical factors. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of innovation output pattern of overseas returnee talents from universities in the Yangtze River Delta Lirong BIAN, Haining JIANG, Mengjun YANG 2021, 30(6): 1219-1229.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020365 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1645KB) ( )   Based on data of patents and important foundation projects, using ArcGIS and Eviews, this paper analyzes the distribution pattern of the innovation output of the returnee overseas talents and its related factors of colleges and universities in the Yangtze River Delta. The results indicate that the distribution of the innovation output of the returning overseas talents of colleges and universities in the Yangtze River Delta shows a strongly spatial imbalance. Generally, the innovation output of high value areas is distributed of transportation lines in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou, while the northern Jiangsu provinces and the southwest of Zhejiang provinces are presented as low value areas of innovation output. The layout innovation features space cluster, which centralizes in the urban areas in Shanghai and other provincial cities. The nature of subjects has impacts on innovation output, that is different overseas returnee talents contribute differently to the innovation output, among which the subjects of engineering and science accounts for more than 70% than that of other subjects. Finally, Poisson regression model is used to measure the influencing factors quantitatively. It is found that the factor of innovation output is most significantly affected by construction of business platform, followed by city levels, distance from Shanghai urban area. Furthermore, it is also affected by whether there are international airports, GDP and proportion of total import and export in GDP, the educational funds in GDP, agglomeration effect. Coastal cities, number of Triple-A hospitals, per capital GDP on important foundation projects and patents of the overseas returnee talents are important, while number of students in colleges and universities has little effect on the innovation output. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of Human-Earth System in the mountainous areas in China Bo JING, Tongsheng LI, Yiping ZHU, Wenhao CHENG 2021, 30(6): 1230-1240.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2019514 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (879KB) ( )   The Human-Earth System is the core of researches on geography in the mountainous area. Having scientific cognition of the Human-Earth System in the mountainous areas is of great significance to handling the problems of ecological security, disaster prevention, economic poverty as well as contradiction between human and land and so forth. By sorting out the research process of mountainous areas, using the CiteSpace and perusing literatures, the paper displays the outcome and progress of the research on the Human-land System in the mountainous area and summarizes the main points and common methods of the Human-land System. It shows that the research on human-earth system in mountainous areas is obviously getting more interdisciplinary, among which, human geography, core of the research, has been gradually highlighted. Despite the wide research fields and the abundant achievements, its theoretical basis and systematic character still need to be strengthened. The researches mainly focus carrying capacity, spatial differentiation of elements and the evolution laws and mechanism of the Human-land System in mountainous areas. The research methods have shifted from traditional literatures' study, system evaluation and dynamic simulation to new methods such as multidimensional atlas, big data and cloud computing. In the future, the comprehensiveness, spatiality, and application of research shall be highlighted. In addition, the research on the human-earth relation mechanism on the basis of mathematical model shall be strengthened and the research on human response activity against environmental change and its research methods shall be innovated and deepened. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on spatial agglomeration and performance of electronic information manufacturing in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Weihua YIN, Xiaoling CHEN 2021, 30(6): 1241-1252.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020244 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1011KB) ( )   This paper takes electronic information manufacturing of 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as research object. Based on data from Chinese industrial firms, it firstly analysis the patterns of spatial agglomeration of electronic information manufacturing firms through adopting EG agglomeration index, spatial auto-correlation, kernel density analysis method. Then, it exams the relationship between spatial agglomeration, governmental founding and other related factors and firms' performance by using quantile regression model. The results show that: electronic information manufacturing firms are centralized in 2004 and then relatively balanced distributed with overall stability in low-level agglomeration; electronic information manufacturing firms have positive spatial correlation in adjacent spatial units; spatial agglomeration, policy support have differentiated effects on the three levels of firms' performance. While the policy support plays a great promoting part in low and medium performance firms, the agglomeration economy does well in high-performance firms. Internal scale economy has a promotion effect on all performance level of electronic information manufacturing firms. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial structure evolution and analysis of Chinese passenger aviation network in the last decade Peiwen ZHANG, Fumin DU, Xue WANG, Yu WANG, Lu LI 2021, 30(6): 1253-1264.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020231 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1508KB) ( )   Taking the passenger aviation network of China in the winter and spring of 2010, 2015 and 2019, using standard deviation ellipse, complex network related indicators and inverse distance weight method to interpolate the index, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of spatial structure of China's passenger aviation network in past ten years.Results show that: (1) The number of airports in the western region of China is in a relative growth state, and the northwest airport group layout center moves to the northwest, while the other five major airport group layout is stable, making the airport layout center gradually move to the west, which shows a balanced trend;(2) The scale of the airline network is growing rapidly, the status of the high-value nodes is stable and proportion of the low-value nodes is decreasing, the degree distribution, network transport efficiency and node accessibility are increasing. The number of nodes with high clustering coefficient near the average degree increases and network hierarchy is strengthened, but the small-world feature of the network is weakened; (3) The near centrality and betweenness centrality of Chengdu, Xi'an and Chongqing have increased significantly. The value and control power in the network have been enhanced, and the network intermediary hub has evolved inland. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of hot spots in urban retail industry ——A case study of Wuhan Jing WANG, Wenting LUO, Yajuan LI 2021, 30(6): 1265-1274.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020196 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1303KB) ( )   Basing on the kernel density estimation method, the local Getis-Ord G* index method and the nearest neighbor index analysis method. Using retail business points of interest (POI) data to analyze the spatial distribution of retail business hotspots and the evolution characteristics of business clusters under three time nodes in Wuhan, and explore its driving mechanism. The research shows that: 1) The central urban area has a trend of multi-core development, with low-density spots clustering in the remote urban areas, and commercial spots spreading radially from the main hotspots. 2) The area and number of hot spots in Wuhan have increased significantly. The primary and secondary hotspots increased from 71km2 to 168km2 in 13 years, and the number of primary hotspots increased from 7 to 10.3) The agglomeration degree and development trend of various retail formats have certain differences. In addition to the decreasing trend in the concentration of medical and medical device formats, the concentration of other five retail formats has increased to varying degrees.4) The formation and evolution of Wuhan's retail business hotspots are the result of human-land relationship interaction. Location historical conditions, improved transportation networks, government land use policies, and tourism resource development, jointly influence the formation and evolution of Wuhan's retail business hotspots. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial evolution and influencing factors of logistics enterprises in Xi'an Shengzhong ZHANG, Tingyi CHAI 2021, 30(6): 1275-1285.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020101 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1102KB) ( )   Based on the micro geographic data of logistics enterprises in Xi'an, the spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of logistics enterprises in Xi'an from 1995 to 2019 are described by using the estimation of average nearest neighbor, standard deviation ellipse and kernel density. The distance relationship between logistics enterprises cluster area and city center is analyzed by using statistical method, and the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of logistics enterprises are analyzed by constructing the least square regression model. The results show that: the logistics enterprises in Xi'an have the trend of aggregation since 2000, and gradually develop from single core to dual core, and the third core is now emerging; the spatial distribution of logistics enterprises shows the obvious diffusion characteristics, and the evolution process extends along the direction of "Southwest-northeast", and the overall trend of "suburbanization" appears, concentrated in the location about 15km away from the city center; The number of logistics enterprises, resident population and total retail sales of social consumer goods in the last year are the main factors that affect the formation of spatial pattern of logistics enterprises in Xi'an, which have a positive effect on the layout and agglomeration of logistics enterprises. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The imagination and emotional construction of "home" in urban consumption space Shaoyan CAI 2021, 30(6): 1286-1296.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2019560 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (794KB) ( )   In the post-modern consumption society characterized by symbols and aesthetics, The social and cultural construction of consumption space has increasingly become a focus of new cultural geography.By using the theoretical perspective of the geography of home, this paper takes Guangzhou IKEA as a case and adopts the qualitative methods to discuss the construction, representation, imagination and practice of the consumption space by different subjects of operators and consumers.The main finding indicates that: (1)The operator adopts the strategies of space technology, landscape modeling and discourse representation to implant the cultural elements of "home", and constructs IKEA as a "home" space that is "comfortable, safe, intimate and cohesive".(2) Consumers interpret the special meaning of space through shopping and consumption, embodied performances, and daily life practices, and construct IKEA as a good emotional treatment space and social place, thus realizing the emotional identity of IKEA.(3)IKEA is an alternative "home" space where consumers and operators practice and conspire. Its meaning goes far beyond a pure place of consumption, and not only realizes the consumer's desire for "home" and the on-site compensation for the experience of "losing a home". It also breaks the boundaries between home space and public space, privacy and publicity,, and further extends and enriches the concept and meaning of "home". Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of the Muslim population in China Xinxian WANG, Xiangdong GAO 2021, 30(6): 1297-1307.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020182 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1088KB) ( )   Based on the data of six national censuses, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of the county-level Muslim population in China by using spatial statistical analysis methods. The results show that: (1) The spatial distribution of Muslim population density in China is characterized by "patch-point-area" structure. The traditional agglomeration area is a high-value area of Muslim population. The sporadic high-value areas are mainly concentrated in the North China Plain, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Liaohe Plain and the southeastern coastal areas, while the other areas in the country are low-value areas of Muslim population density. (2) The spatial distribution of Muslim population in China has a certain spatial correlation characteristics. It is a hot spot in Xinjiang, Ningxia Plain, Huangshui Valley, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Beijing. (3) The distribution of the Muslim population is highly unbalanced. With the development of the migration and spread of the Muslim population across the country, the degree of imbalance tends to weaken; the shift in the growth of the Muslim population among the major regions of China has experienced an increase first. In the process of declining and rapid growth, the Muslim population in various places has shown a trend of differentiated development. (4) The distribution and evolution of the Muslim population is affected by multiple factors such as the fertility level and population migration status. Differentiated fertility levels and population migration affect the spatial redistribution of the Muslim population. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of rural tourism villages in Guizhou Province Nian FAN, Rongpei HAN, Kun LIANG 2021, 30(6): 1308-1319.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020148 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1765KB) ( )   Through the analysis of spatial differentiation and geographical characteristics of 142 rural tourism villages above the standard level in Guizhou Province. Using the nearest neighbor index, spatial autocorrelation method, kernel density method and standard deviation ellipse analysis method to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of 142 rural tourism villages, and using ArcGIS 10.4 to compare the elevation, water system, road network and rural tourism villages in Guizhou Province Overlay layers to analyze the geographical features of rural tourist villages. The results show that the rural tourist villages in Guizhou Province present a positive concentration distribution, forming 4 concentrated distribution areas, 68% of the villages are distributed along the southwest to northeast, the following geographical features are most notable: concentrated in the areas along the rivers of low and middle elevations , Close to high-level scenic spots and tourist markets, strong traffic trends, and regional cultural and ecological environment. Based on this, combined with the current situation of rural tourism development in Guizhou Province, three suggestions are proposed: fully explore the mountain farming culture in Guizhou, enrich rural tourism resources, and develop leisure agricultural tourism formats; strengthen the relationship between rural tourist villages in hotspot distribution areas and neighboring high-level scenic spots to build The industrialization development model provides a stable market for customers; it takes advantage of the richness of traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage in ethnic minority areas to develop creative cultural industries and enhance the willingness of communities to participate. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of traffic changes on the evolution of ancient villages and towns along the ancient tea-horse road in Sichuan Qing XIANG, Aike KAN, Hong HUANG, Huan YU, Jie HE 2021, 30(6): 1320-1329.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020319 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1468KB) ( )   As an important trade route and migration channel in southwest China, the tea-horse Ancient Road promotes the formation and evolution of commercial settlements along the road due to the long-term trade activities and population migration. Taking the section of ea-horse Ancient Road in Sichuan as an example, based on the nearest proximity-index, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis, gravity center analysis and other spatial analysis and measurement geographical methods, this paper discusses the influence of trade route changes on the distribution and evolution of commercial ancient towns and villages and its mechanism. The results show that: ① The traffic change process of ancient tea-horse road in Sichuan can be divided into two stages,. ② The changes of trade routes affect the distribution pattern, evolution center and evolution direction of ancient commercial villages and towns along the route. During the Pre-Qin and Han dynasties, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the commercial ancient towns and villages evolved from Ya'an to Dujiangyan, along the Minjiang River to Maoxian and Markang, and then to the western Sichuan region during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.The evolutionary center of gravity showed a migration from Ya 'an to the north, then back to Ya'an and turns to the west. Ripley's K function quantitatively described the process of outward diffusion and inward agglomeration of ancient commercial villages and towns. ③The spatial path, regional environment, government policies, settlement residents and other factors of trade routes have led, driven, regulated and responded to the evolution of commercial ancient villages and towns. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Five essentials on teaching geographic thought Jie YU, Chao YE 2021, 30(6): 1330-1337.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2021290 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (719KB) ( )   Thought is the soul of a discipline, but also the source of guiding and innovating teaching. The teaching of geographic thought is not only important to the development of geography professional accomplishment, but also helpful to improve and cultivate the students' key ability in geography. The teaching of geographic thought should not only transfer the essence of geography knowledge, but also guide students to think critically and innovatively. On the basis of imparting professional knowledge, humanistic elements should be integrated into it to help students achieve a balance between mastering knowledge and skills, perceiving the world and returning to themselves and self-reflection. This paper summarizes five essentials on teaching geographic thought: correct cognition of geography, critique of theory, internalization of humanistic spirit, advocacy of discipline integration and innovation of teaching methods, so as to promote the extensive development of geographic thought teaching. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics