主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

World Regional Studies ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 466-477.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.03.2020858

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Water resources exploitation and utilization of international rivers in China from the perspective of geo-security

Sujuan ZHONG(), Xiyan MAO, Xianjin HUANG()   

  1. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received:2020-12-04 Revised:2021-03-12 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-05-17
  • Contact: Xianjin HUANG

地缘安全视角下的中国国际河流水资源开发利用

钟苏娟(), 毛熙彦, 黄贤金()   

  1. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210023
  • 通讯作者: 黄贤金
  • 作者简介:钟苏娟(1998-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为资源环境与可持续发展,E-mail:sjzhong32@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA061);国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(71921003);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20180342)

Abstract:

The resurgence of global geopolitical competition and the environmental crisis are driving the exploitation of international river water resources as a key variable affecting national geopolitical security. Based on review of existing literature, conclusions are as follows: firstly, the exploitation of water resources in international rivers will fuel conflicts between basin countries in a 'scarcity-conflict' paradigm, and the resulting conflicts over water resources are further contributing to geo-security by uniting extraterritorial forces. Secondly, the exploitation of water resources in China's international rivers has evolved from "weak security", "strong security" to "de-securitization" in the context of geo-security. Thirdly, water environment management, water allocation and coordination of water development interests are core issues in water resources development, involving transboundary water pollution, water allocation and hydropower development, all of which are closely related to national geo-security. Fourthly, the geographical differentiation in the way water resources are exploited in the three major international river-dense regions of northeast, northwest and southwest China is obvious, and the differentiated geo-environment brings multiple geo-security threats.Finally, suggestions are offered for China's future diplomacy based on the context of "One Belt, One Road" and "Community of Human Destiny".

Key words: geo-security, international river, water resources, water diplomacy, water governance

摘要:

全球地缘政治竞争回潮与资源环境危机推动国际河流水资源开发利用成为影响国家地缘安全的关键变量。通过对既有文献的梳理,发现国际河流水资源开发利用在“稀缺-冲突”范式下激化流域各国的矛盾,引发的水资源冲突联合域外势力进一步作用于国家地缘安全;在地缘安全视角下,中国国际河流的水资源开发利用经历了从“弱安全化”到“强安全化”再到“去安全化”的演进;水环境治理、水量分配及水开发利益协调是水资源开发利用中的核心议题,涉及的跨境水资源污染、水权分配以及水电开发争议等问题与国家地缘安全密切相关;东北、西北及西南三大国际河流密集区水资源开发利用方式地域分异明显,在差异化的地缘环境下带来多元的地缘安全威胁;最后基于“一带一路”及“人类命运共同体”等背景对中国未来外交提出建议。

关键词: 地缘安全, 国际河流, 水资源开发利用, 水外交, 水治理