Abstract:

Territorial spatial planning serves as the foundation for land development, utilization, remediation, and restoration, and provides the fundamental basis for economic and social development as well as ecological conservation. Developed countries have established unified territorial spatial planning systems. These systems combine rigid legal constraints with flexible implementation guidance, forming a graded evolutionary framework characterized by "tackling immediate challenges in the near term, facilitating transformation in the medium term, and providing long-term guidance for the future".To actively respond to many issues, such as the contradiction between development and protection, climate change, and uncertainties in territorial spatial restructuring, territorial spatial planning in developed countries has shown new changes: planning objectives highlight the principal position of the people value, forming a new governance framework that integrates efficiency, equity, and quality; the objects of planning are gradually expanding from traditional land resource development to multi-dimensional spaces such as brownfield remediation and redevelopment, underground space, marine space, and low-altitude airspace; and planning benefits are shifting from scale expansion to quality improvement, from incremental balance to stock value appreciation, and from factor guarantee to value creation. China should draw on the experience of developed countries, adapt to the contemporary transformation of global territorial spatial governance, and formulate a new plan for China's territorial spatial governance; expand the field of territorial spatial planning and build a multi-dimensional territorial spatial planning system; accelerate the legislative process for territorial spatial planning and complete legal system for territorial spatial governance; and improve policies for the development and utilization of territorial space to promote smart territorial spatial governance.

Key words: developed countries, territorial spatial planning, frontier progress, implications

摘要：

国土空间规划是统筹国土开发、利用、整治和修复的基础，是经济社会发展和生态保护的基本依据。欧美等发达国家建立了统一的国土空间规划体系，形成了法律制度刚性约束与规划实施弹性引导相结合的治理机制，并呈现出“近期解难题、中期促转型、远期强引领”的国土空间规划演进路径。为积极应对发展和保护的矛盾、气候变化和国土空间重构的不确定性等诸多问题，发达国家国土空间规划呈现出新变化：规划目标凸显公共价值核心导向，形成了效率、公平、品质三位一体的新型治理框架；规划对象正从传统的土地资源开发逐步向棕地修复再开发、地下空间、海洋空间、低空空域等多维度空间拓展；规划效益正从“规模扩张”转向“质量提升”、从“增量平衡”转向“存量增值”、从“要素保障”转向“价值创造”。我国应借鉴发达国家经验，顺应全球国土空间治理的时代变革，制定中国国土空间治理的新方案；拓展国土空间规划领域，构建多维度的国土空间规划体系；加快国土空间规划立法进程，构建系统完备的国土空间法治体系；健全国土空间开发利用政策，促进国土空间精明治理。

关键词: 发达国家, 国土空间规划, 前沿进展, 启示