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15 February 2016, Volume 25 Issue 01 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research on the Theory of Geopolitical Cooperation -a Case Study of Southeastern Asia 2016, (01): 1-11.  Abstract ( )   PDF (418KB) ( )   Geopolitical cooperation plays a key role in regional sustainable development. Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, a core area in geopolitics, also a significant area in the "Maritime Silk Road". Three typical cases of geopolitical cooperation has been chosen, Southeast Asia Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Greater Mekong sub-regional cooperation and ASEAN South Growth Triangle, to examine three types of geopolitical cooperation arrangements, namely, geopolitical regional cooperation, geopolitical subregional cooperation, and geopolitical economic zone cooperation. Geopolitical regional cooperation promotes the geopolitical cooperation by national policy systems of national alliances. Geopolitical subregional cooperation focuses on specific projects in transportation, energy and other aspects in terms of multi-channel financing. Geopolitical economic zone cooperation includes such policy zones as export processing zones, border cooperation areas, etc. Under the national strategy of “One Belt and One Road”, China should focus on the ASEAN free trade zone; transportation and energy projects in the Greater Mekong Subregion; border cooperation zone, etc. to deepen geopolitical cooperation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial-temporal process analysis of regional energy flows in China 2016, (01): 12-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (606KB) ( )   Imbalance of energy’s production and consumption leads to energy’s large-scale flows in the space with the constantly changing flow patterns, which needs vertical and horizontal perspectives to analyze. This article constructed indicators to measure the direction and velocity of regional energy flows. Through multiple hierarchical clustering, 30 provinces (cities, districts) in the coal, crude oil and natural gas during 1995-2012 were divided into 7 flow function types, and input place, transit place and output place were mainly analyzed. Conclusions are as follows: Firstly, coal transport frequently between provinces in moderate size, which represents coastal input, steady output, and inland transit. Secondly, crude oil flow in large scale, which represents dispersed input, centralized output, and transit hub. Thirdly, natural gas is mainly self-sufficiency, which represents economic-circle, input multisource supply, and small-scale transit. Overall, distribution axis of energy consumption in China gradually closes to the Hu’s line, consistent with the trend of population. Related Articles | Metrics

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China's Geo-strategy in Central Asia Region and It's Influence on Silk Road Economic Belt 2016, (01): 22-30.  Abstract ( )   PDF (464KB) ( )   The geopolitical strategy of Central Asia is of great importance. It has a great value on both theoretical and practical level to explore China's geopolitical strategy in Central Asia and its impact to the "Silk Road Economic Belt" construction. Meanwhile it provides some intellectual support and policy options for the further development and interactions between China and Central Asian countries. China's Central Asian strategy generally includes three levels. Border security strategy of combating “three forces”, geo-strategic balance strategy among great powers in Central Asia and sustainable supply of oil and gas for stability of Central Asia are significant concerns, which are organized and explored by elaborate and systematic analysis from security, political and economic fields. As a whole, China's geopolitical strategy in Central Asia has a positive impact on the construction of "Silk Road Economic Belt". Firstly, it creates a relatively favorable external environment for the "Silk Road Economic Belt" construction by combating the threat of the "three evil forces" and maintaining the stability and security of border area. Secondly, maintaining the geo-strategic balance among great powers in Central Asia is the key point. On one hand, it will promote the development of "Silk Road Economic Belt" construction and reduce the resistance from United States of America and Russia on "Silk Road economic belt" strategic implementation issue; on the other hand, it will also strengthen China's political influence and discourse in Central Asia area. Finally, ensuring the stability of Central Asia and providing the sustainable oil and gas resources of energy strategy occupy the important positions in the "Silk Road Economic Belt" construction. They are of great significance for promoting the regional economic integration, the coordinated development of all countries and the implementation of mutual benefit-win of "Silk Road economic belt" concept. Related Articles | Metrics

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The retrospect and prospect of domestic research on the relationship of China and Iran since reforming and opening 2016, (01): 31-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   Abstract: Iran has been one of the main sources of Chinese oil imports, also being as an important strategic partner of China in Middle East. Wide attention has also been paid on the evolution and development of the relationship of between China and Iran. Since the reform and opening-up, the research literatures about the relationship of China and Iran of domestic scholars and people from all walks of life have been combed in this paper. From the research point of view, the research literature studying on the relationship of between China and Iran mainly focused on the diplomatic, economic and trade cooperation, energy cooperation, cultural exchanges and cooperation in agriculture and other five aspects, especially in the diplomatic and cultural exchanges of between China and Iran are the largest proportion, followed by the study of trade cooperation and cooperation in energy, the research of the agricultural cooperation is relatively less. However,the research on industrial economic, technical cooperation, transnational investment, international tourism, the export of labor services and many other fields of between China and Iran is weak. In the future, the research of the relationship of between China and Iran shuold continue to deepen from two aspects, on the one hand, research perspective aslo need to further expand, especially the research of specific cooperation projects on meso and micro level between China and Iran. On the other hand, the research field should continue to expand and deepen, studyig on the specific cooperation projects in the industrial economy, technical cooperation, transnational investment of between China and Iran will become the focus of attention. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the strategic position and management strategies of remote island in the context of maintaining the maritime rights 2016, (01): 39-48.  Abstract ( )   PDF (540KB) ( )   "Island Protection Act" ,which is in the form of legislation,stipulates regulatory requirements provides for island protection and exploitation, "National island protection plan" takes the management for remote island as an important part of the plan.The remote island is protruded as an important position in China's island management system.In currently, the coastal countries all over the world attach importance to the ocean development and maritime rights and interests,Japan, Vietnam and other countries regard the remote island as an important position for ocean management.This paper ,which is by drawing on the experience, aims to propose targeted suggestions for lack of presence in the management of the remote island and enhance the effective management of remote islands. Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study of the Free Trade Zones’ spatial distribution between U.S and China 2016, (01): 49-58.  Abstract ( )   PDF (693KB) ( )   Establishment of Free Trade Zones will have huge impacts for China’s opening up and to enhance the connection between china and the world economy. It will also help Chinese government to face the challenge from U.S. Trans -Pacific Partnership Agreement and to accelerate the negotiations of China-U.S. Bilateral Investment Treaty. U.S. have world’s biggest FTZ system which covers 270 FTZs over the country. U.S. FTZs’ development have experienced four stages form initial to booming period over 80 years. Most of U.S. FTZs are located by coastline or along the river side, and some of the FTZs are located at the border of states or countries.FTZ General-Purpose Zones are trade-oriented and most of them are located at east coast, FTZ Sub-zones are manufacture-oriented and most of them are located at the Gulf of Mexico. FTZ cluster can be found around NewYork, Seattle, Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Great Lakes. China and U.S. are similar on the landscape, coastline and population, and through the study on comparison between U.S. and Chinese FTZs’ function and spatial distribution and its evolution, we found both countries would like to establish FTZs along coastlines and rivers while FTZ cluster spreading over the country. In the future, Chinese Bonded Harbors and Comprehensive Bonded Zones will transfer into FTZs and will spread into inland china by railroad. FTZ cluster will accelerate along east coastline and Yangtse River and Yellow River. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Location Selection and Influence of China`s Private Enterprises Direct Investment in the United States 2016, (01): 67-74.  Abstract ( )   PDF (683KB) ( )   Abstract: This paper quantitatively analyzed spatial distribution characteristics of China's private enterprises direct investment in the United States by using EXCEL and ArcGIS, and investigated the impact of investment location choice factor by applying method of grey correlation, the conclusion shows that Chinese private enterprises in the U.S investment in space presents one point(Great Lakes region)and two belts (the Pacific coast and the Atlantic coast) ,and a clear market-oriented, state GDP, China's import volume of trade as well as the number of patents have greatest impact on the Chinese private enterprises location selection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary estimation of CO2 emission of tourism industry and its regional difference in China 2016, (01): 83-94.  Abstract ( )   PDF (817KB) ( )   This paper conducts preliminarily the calculation of carbon emission caused by energy consumption of tourism industry in China. The carbon emissions of tourism industry in China is studied by this paper from the total emissions of tourism industry, tourist per capita carbon emission of tourism and tourism income per capita carbon emission of tourism industry respectively at the provincial scale, and further the standard deviation and coefficient variation are adopted to analyse the overall characteristics of difference of CO2 emissions for tourism industry at provincial level in China. What’s more, Theil index is used to study temporal changes of inter-provincial, inter-regional and intra-regional CO2 emissions disparities for tourism industry in China. The results mainly show that the total emissions of tourism industry in China is growing every year from 2001 to 2009, which reflects further strengthening the work of energy-saving emission reduction is imperative to adapt to the global warming, and the duty we have to perform in the future. Inter-regional CO2 emissions disparities for tourism industry in china is the main contributors, which is caused by CO2 emissions disparities of the eastern china. Therefore, controlling properly carbon emissions of tourism industry in the eastern China particularly such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong is an effective way for the government departments to narrow the differences of carbon emissions and achieve emission reduction targets for tourism industry in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of the research on the division and cooperation of Chinese manufacturing industry in the Asia Pacific region from the perspective of value chain 2016, (01): 95-103.  Abstract ( )   PDF (655KB) ( )   Abstract：Many international organizations such as the APEC have more and more conferences to discuss the value chain as the theme of the study, which can explain the new economic law in globalization and is not included in the traditional international trade theory. While the Asia Pacific region as the world’s fastest growing region, the network is highly dependent on the regional division of labor between the economies. To strengthen the Asia Pacific Cooperation in the value chain will become the effective way to promote regional integration. At the same time, the global manufacturing industry is facing a major adjustment, and the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry is difficult. The expansion of "One Belt and One Road" strategy and the establishment of Asian investment bank for the construction of China's manufacturing power provides opportunities and challenges. Under this background, this paper reviewed the development of value chain theory, analyzed and summarized the development of manufacturing industry in China and Asia Pacific region in recent years. While the United States and other developed countries are implementing the "re-industrialization" policy to promote the return of high-end manufacturing, and Southeast Asia and other emerging economies with labor and other advantages are attractting foreign investment, the Asia Pacific region in the manufacturing of the competitive landscape is changing. In the double attack of developed countries and emerging economies, China manufacturing industry is facing a hitherto unknown competition. Finally, we put forward, the value chain governance based on the macro level and the Asia Pacific manufacturing value chain breaking as new breakthroughs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and Connotation of the Second-tier Cities of Global City-Region in the Yangtze River Delta region: A Case Study of Hangzhou 2016, (01): 104-114.  Abstract ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   Global City-Regions are an important phenomenon of economic geography of the world in the 21st century, and have become the powerful engine of regional economic development in the world. The Yangtze River Delta region as a Global City-region, the paper focuses on the second-tier cities in the periphery of Shanghai, and proposes the concept features of the second-tier city. It thinks that Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Ningbo, can be defined as the second-tier cities in the Yangtze River Delta region. Reference development experience of domestic and international typical cities, it analyzes the industrial functions of these second-tier cities and points out that relatively developed manufacturing and service industries is its important characteristics in the Yangtze River Delta region. In Hangzhou, for example, based on the strategic objectives of internationalization, it explore the development path of its manufacturing and service industries, and then put forward the strategic initiative for industrial restructuring and urban functions upgrades. Related Articles | Metrics

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Camping in the U.S.: Inspiration for China 2016, (01): 115-124.  Abstract ( )   PDF (773KB) ( )   People can enjoy natural landscape, recreation and outdoor education by camping, which has become more and more popular since the 19th century. In the U.S., camping is a traditional outdoor activity engaging every year about 14% of the population. In China, camping is gradually accepted by more and more people, especially young. Outdoor camping in China is still in early development. Unregulated and unorganized camping causes environmental and social problems, and involves relatively few people into outdoor activities. To reach its full potential, camping requires proper planning, regulations, infrastructure, and other support. Outdoor camping needs all kinds of support conditions. In this paper, we review many factors that influence camping. We analyze what can be learned from American camping. First, we review the history and benefits of camping. The early European settlers depended on primal camping for reclamation. At that time, camping got original development. Gradually, people realized that camping was beneficial to education. Organized camping for young people also began in the latter half of the 19th century when a number of educators and church leaders experimented with taking groups of youngsters to live, study, play, and work. Second, we review land systems that support camping in the U.S. At the Federal level, a multiplicity of bureaus and independent agencies are charged with administration of lands, and most of these are, to a greater or less degree, a provider of outdoor recreation lands. Many types of lands are available for campground. Third, outdoor infrastructure, such as toilet, shower room, trash can, power supply are well equipped. The management of campgrounds was well executive, too. Fourth, many other factors, such as, good transport conditions, variety climatic types, popular outdoor activities, reasonable holiday entitlement facilitate camping. Finally, we summarize what can be learned from American camping ideas and applied can be used to foster the development of campgrounds in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of Qualitative geographical information system (Qualitative GIS) in human geography research 2016, (01): 125-136.  Abstract ( )   PDF (807KB) ( )   Abstract: Qualitative geographic information systems (QGIS) is a relatively new term describing a set of developments, practices, and ideas that have emerged from multiple directions. Qualitative GIS is centered on some form of integration of qualitative research and/or qualitative data with geographic information systems. Qualitative geographic information system is one of several approaches to geographic information systems that emerged in response to critiques，which includes geographic information system is lack of subject, as well as also ignores the subjective initiative, and some epistemology based on the positivism, in the mid-1990s that cast geographic information system as rooted in positivist epistemologies and most suited for quantitative techniques associated with spatial science. It breaks the traditional view that geographic information system can only deal with the quantitative data. This paper reviews the research of previous, discusses how the qualitative geographical information system apply in human geography, including Public participatory geographic information system, Feminist geographic information system and Critical geographic information system, and discusses the advantage of the Qualitative geographic information system as a new methodology in human geography research. Finally, we come up with the research prospect of Qualitative geographic information system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Characteristics and Influence Factors of Middle Class in Guangzhou: Based on the Empirical Analysis of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory 2016, (01): 137-150.  Abstract ( )   PDF (861KB) ( )   Firstly, using the questionnaire survey data and interview data, on the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, we analyze the characteristics on the society, substance, values, identity and self-actualization of middle class in Guangzhou. The results show that the middle class is mainly local, young, better educated, and usually is dual-earner family; they usually work in the tertiary industry, have high income and wealth, feel optimistic about life, and they also have diversified lifestyle, strong subjective identity, higher happiness index, and basically realize personal ideal, as well as youngers want to seek greater development, olders want more time to recreation and to accompany their families and so on. Secondly, using multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis, we analyze the influencing factors that characteristics of middle class in Guangzhou, and find that the several major influencing factors are age, residential location, income, number of children, education, hukou and nature of the unit. Of all the factors, age, residential location, income, number of children and education are five main factors. Then, compared with the Maslow's hierarchy of needs of the ordinary class, that of middle class presents the spindle structure , namely “small at both ends but big in the middle”. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Social Service Function in Suzhou Creek Waterfront in Shanghai 2016, (01): 151-158.  Abstract ( )   PDF (852KB) ( )   Suzhou Creek waterfront has a public property. After centuries of development, Suzhou River has formatted irreplaceable historic and cultural landscape. With the increasing public demand for social service function of waterfront, such as tourism and leisure, history and culture and landscape, converting riparian zone to public space becomes an important trend in the process of urban construction transformation process. Urban section in Suzhou Creek in Shanghai is selected as the research object. Field research on waterfront space utilization is done. It is found that setting railings or fences, occupying public corridors, lacking waterfront trails and opening in limited time impact on connectivity and public accessibility. Besides, early overall planning not considering the public property and waterfront resources causes the lack of social service function. Estuary waterfront, Mengqing Park waterfront, COSCO Two Bay City waterfront, Wuning Bridge waterfront and Su Bend waterfront are selected. According to the functional planning of typical waterfronts in Suzhou Creek, it is analyzed how factors affect the social service function of the typical waterfronts. From the overall planning, connectivity, setback, history and culture and public service facilities, recommendations are proposed to enhance social service function of Suzhou Creek waterfront. Related Articles | Metrics

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Guiding Role and Spatial Impact of Location-based Social Networking Services information flow 2016, (01): 159-165.  Abstract ( )   PDF (773KB) ( )   By fixing positions and sharing positional information of users in real time,or registering and publishing messages with geographical positions to record the spatio-temporal flight paths,the Location-based Social Networking Service (LBSNS) achieves a better connection between flows of internet information and streams of people.The distance between man and man is also reduced by LBSNS in real-world. Furthermore,the LBSNS transform Internet-based SNS(Social Networking Service) to LBSNS,which have promoted the conventional socialized network community to virtual social network community then to virtual reality community,reconstructs the social behavior of the traditional users,subverts the traditional network media environment of information dissemination. The dissertation analyzes related concept,expounds guidance process and characteristics,dialyses space influence,and point that location-based social networking service is reconstructing local micro location.In such a model internet era,the weakening trend of geographical location is being changed.Several hot areas of social population have been formed in the presence of LBSNS,presenting a multi-core architecture that based on users. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Report on Heritage Corridor in China 2016, (01): 166-174.  Abstract ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   As a cross-regional comprehensive heritage protection or utilization theory and method, heritage corridor collects a variety of functions and adventure, providing a kind of new ideas and perspectives to protect exploit and utilize heritage. Analyses the situation of heritage corridor, through the method of literature metrology, combining visualization software, found the study of heritage corridor, on the whole, at the start and exploring stage, focus on the empirical study is given priority to, research perspectives and scale is focused on the macro scale, research subject mainly related to building science and engineering, landscape design, tourism, culture, archaeology, etc. The research object more choose industrial heritage corridor, heritage corridor of research topics include the construction of heritage corridor, heritage corridor of value evaluation, constitute the interaction between system and heritage corridor and tourism. It points out the research of Chinese heritage corridor is insufficient, should pay attention to the localization of heritage corridor theory research, broaden the research field of vision, detailed study. Related Articles | Metrics