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15 December 2015, Volume 24 Issue 04 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Geostrategy analysis in the history of Germany 2015, 24(04): 1-10.  Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   The influence of historical, geographic and geopolitical factors makes the national development track of Germany different from other European countries. Germany did not build their real sense of national state until 1871, and the process is complex and full of setbacks. Meanwhile, this evolution process was accompanied with the discussion and thinking of “What is Germany after all? And where is Germany?” from beginning to end. During the process of Germany’s national development, different geostrategies were taken in different historical periods, which has directly affected its national strategy and destiny. It also made Germany rapidly rise or decline along the way in the past. In this paper, with the analysis of the main line of Germany’s geostrategies in history, the background of different historical geostrategies, primary strategies and the significant impact will be explored and discussed. This paper addresses the five factors greatly affecting Germany’s geostrategies, which are particular geographical location, backward political system, unique national characteristics, mixed philosophy foundation, and highly developed education science and technology, and then analyses each factor’s impact. With all these complex geostrategy factors taken into consideration, a unique characteristic to Germany in planning, formulating, and implementing of geostrategy will be revealed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The analysis of China’s Peripheral Marine Geo-relationship 2015, 24(04): 11-19.  Abstract ( )   PDF (461KB) ( )   Abstract: The twenty-first Century is the century of ocean, how to create good marine geo-environment and respond to the evolving conflict and dispute in the marine geo-relations, is in direct relation to a country locates in the marine geopolitical position, and affects the development of the whole country. In recent years, with the development of Chinese sustained rapid economic, comprehensive development toward the ocean and construct China into a maritime power is an inevitable trend for China's sustainable development. In this paper, based on the related theories about marine geo-relationship, starting from the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the sea of Japan, puts emphasis on the research of marine geo-relation China with neighboring countries, historical evolution, current situation and spatial pattern from time and space aspects, analyzes the influence factors, and finally puts forward China surrounding oceanic geo-strategy, providing theoretical support for China's marine development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Experience of Poverty Reduction of “Contiguous Poor Areas with Special Difficulties” in America and Japan 2015, 24(04): 20-29.  Abstract ( )   PDF (826KB) ( )   China’s poverty reduction focuses on “Contiguous Poor Areas with Special Difficulties”. These areas are under double pressure of poverty and ecological vulnerability, so they must adhere to the protective exploitation principle in the process of developing. The paper takes the three typical regions such as Appalachia region of America, Hokkaido of Japan as examples, summarizes the experience of protective development of poor areas. Then, the paper brings forward some countermeasures and suggestions to reduce poverty of Contiguous Poor Areas, such as increase support for major infrastructure projects, improve public services, strengthen ecological preservation, and so on. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Path and Mode of IKEA Spatial Diffusion in the Globalization Context 2015, 24(04): 30-38.  Abstract ( )   PDF (719KB) ( )   [Abstract]: IKEA, a rural furniture store in Sweden 70 years ago, has become a global business empire of home furnishing supplies. IKEA, which tentacles are throughout the world presently, is transforming from a special furniture store into a life-experience commercial space. IKEA not only participates in the global process, but becomes a benchmark to lead the way of social and individual life. "IKEA phenomenon" that comprises experience mode, spatial diffusion model and the global model, is attracting the attention of academia. Theoretically, the paths and types of spatial diffusion have been summarized, but the carrier and receptor of it does not tend to follow a single diffusion mode. The selection of mode depends not only on the characteristic of innovation itself, but also on the social background, market environment, development stage and other external factors. Though globalization has become a trend, the spatial friction caused by cultural differences is inevitable. Innovation expansion in the global scale has to comply with local culture and mingle with different cultures, aiming for a development strategy of glocalization. This paper, by tracking IKEA spatial diffusion path and mode in the context of globalization, found that the space - axis diffusion model goes throughout the whole diffusion of IKEA, and that the trend of IKEA spatial diffusion is that the transnational neighboring Contagious Diffusion is dominant in the early stage of globalization and the global spatial scale Hierarchy Diffusion plays a leading role in the late. "Introduction" and "going out" are the strategies of China's economy development since the reforming and opening up started in 1978, an inevitable choice of the development of globalization. The results of "introduction" are incredible after 30 years of development, but that of “going out” frustrating. The strategy of IKEA spatial diffusion will significantly enlighten that of Chinese furniture multinationals "going out". Related Articles | Metrics

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Efforts Experience and reference of Japan's knowledge innovation system construction 2015, 24(04): 39-45.  Abstract ( )   PDF (679KB) ( )   Even through the Japanese economy has been depressing since the 1990s; it is still competitive in many aspects. The proof is the great achievement that Japan got on the construction of knowledge innovation system and the Nobel Prize. Although Japan has lost the status of "world factory" and the world’s second largest economic giant, it turns to strengthen and improve its technique and science. And the second successful bidding of 2020 Tokyo Olympics also shows the world its strong technological and knowledge-based industries power. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Bibliometric Analysis of Status and Trend of Regional Inequality Research in Humanities and Sciences 2015, 24(04): 46-56.  Abstract ( )   PDF (888KB) ( )   Based on the SCIE(Science Citation Index Expanded) and SSCI(Social Science Citation Index) databases, a bibliometric analysis is conducted on the literature of regional inequality during 1990-2012. The objective of this study is to identify the status and trend of this hot topic across disciplines. The collaboration relationship on this topic is identified among authors, institutions, and countries. In addition, differences between China, USA and UK are also detected. Emerging themes are discussed as well. This study should serve as a useful guidance for beginners to grasp the big picture of this growing literature list, while experienced researchers can gain a comprehensive and in-depth overview of this hot topic to better refine research directions and detect the gaps to fill. Bibliometrics is employed in this paper to analyze the publication pattern of regional inequality research. As a research method used in library and information sciences, bibliometrics has been widely applied to analyze the pattern of literature and trend of a given topic or subject. It can be used for in-depth reviews of research themes for better guidance for follow-up studies. Based on 3528 publications indexed in the SCIE/SSCI databases during 1990-2012, The results reveal that Harvard university and University California Los Angeles are major research institutions in this area. USA ranks as the top country in the publications of this topic both qualitatively and quantitatively. China's publications on regional inequality research lag far behind that of USA and UK, and the quality should be improved. The world interests on Asia and China make the overseas Chinese scholars an important role in this research field. Regional inequality research has witnessed a growing trend by paper number and collaboration across countries. However, because of the locality of the study area, there is no global collaboration-pattern in regional inequality research. China has been the hot area for nearly 20 years, and the research focus are health, income inequality and the social economic factors. Brazil and Latin America will be the hot spots around the world in regional inequality research. Education, globalization and public health appear to be the hot topics.The research area mainly concentrates on large size countries or regions, particularly developing countries and regions. Research focus shifted from economic inequality to both economic and social inequality, but also vary according to various study areas. The method of research tends to integrate various analytical means，focuing on merging economic analysis method with geographical method. Particularly, geo-spatial analysis technology and methods is increasingly important in solving complex spatial phenomena and mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Living Willingness of Residents of Affordable Housing—— A Case Study of Guangzhou 2015, 24(04): 57-66.  Abstract ( )   PDF (974KB) ( )   Abstract: The study use example of 3 large-scale affordable housing communities in Guangzhou to investigate determinants of the residents’ living willingness. Based on the results of the study, we also put forward relevant suggestions on the construction of affordable housing. This study finds that affordable housing communities have the following characteristics: Low educational levels, high unemployment, high poverty rates, more family members and so on. In addition, most people are willing to live in the affordable housing community. Results from logistic regression models indicate that public service facilities have a great effect on residents’ willingness. The study also finds that community interaction, community environment, quality of housing and living time have a great effect on the living willingness of affordable housing residents. In the last part, the study suggests, in the era of large-scale construction of affordable housing, improving living satisfaction and social integration is significant in social development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial-temporal variations of living standard gap between urban residents and rural residents and its influence factors in China 2015, 24(04): 67-77.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1143KB) ( )   The spatial-temporal changes of difference of Engel coefficient between urban and rural residents of all provinces, presented by 4 time sections in 1980-2010, depict spatial-temporal differences of living standard between Chinese urban areas and rural areas in province level. On the whole, from 1980 to 2010 Chinese urban and rural residents’ Engel Coefficient difference experienced a process of the down-up-down, reflecting that the gaps between urban and rural residents’ living standard in most provinces have been slightly narrowed, heavily enlarged and then significantly narrowed since reform and opening-up. In spatial difference aspects, the gap between urban and rural residents’ living standard of all provinces shows a relatively significant spatial correlation, and hot spots areas and cold spots areas present significant spatial differences in different time period. In temporal difference aspects, the changes of the living standard gap between urban and rural residents of all provinces have great differences, which can be categorized into four classes according to changes of Engel coefficient difference between urban and rural residents. Spatial-temporal changes of the living standard gap between urban and rural residents in China are shaped by response of national macro strategies, macro-economic and political environment, regional urban-rural development strategy and policy, and geographical conditions. Urban-rural policies should adjust promptly according to practical situation of different urban and areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Influence of Urban Spatial Structure on Residents' Commute Travel：The Cases of Chengdu and Lanzhou 2015, 24(04): 78-84.  Abstract ( )   PDF (818KB) ( )   This study establishes a formula of influence degree of urban spatial structure on residents' commute travel base on the theory of excess commuting. The empirical studies on the quantitative analysis of the influence degree of different urban spatial structure on residents' commute travel are made in this paper based on large scale questionnaire investigation of commuting. By the case studies, we find that urban spatial structure has a lower influence degree on residents' commute travel than commuters' socio-economic attribute. In order to reduce the commuting distance, urban spatial structure should be adjusted, and what's more, the factors that restrict the freedom to choose employment and housing location must be reduced. By comparison of the difference of commuting distance and excess commuting between Chengdu and Lanzhou, it shows that multi-center city has a shorter commuting distance and higher commuting efficiency than the single-center city on the condition of jobs-housing balance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Guiding Role of Cyberspace Information to Geospatial Human Flow—Taking Traveler Outdoor in Shijiazhuang as an Example 2015, 24(04): 85-93.  Abstract ( )   PDF (903KB) ( )   Information is an important factor which influencing human behavior. The development of information and communication technologies has had a reconstitution role to its production, storage, processing and transmission and also has created a cyber space. This paper tries to build a mechanism framework of information impacting human behavior and meanwhile analyzes the function of cyberspace to human behavior; then it selects the cyberspace of traveler outdoor in Shijiazhuang which has a significant role on outdoor activities as an example to reveal its role of outdoor activities’ guiding process and function in geographic space. Research shows that: traditional information has vital function on human behavior function framework which includes external environment, brain space, cognitive basis, self-condition, motivation, behavioral / information outputs and feedback, no matter to cognition and stimulation of motivation, shape of external environment, change of cognitive basis but the gain and dispose of information. As a new external environment, cyberspace impacts human behaviors through influencing cognition and stimulation of motivation, cognitive basis, the gain and dispose of information. Although the cyberspace of traveler outdoor in Shijiazhuang is not the most fundamental factor of outdoor activities, but it directly affects organizational process of outdoor activities and decision-making process of members as the external environment and the contact media between members and staffs and members，and then guides the members’ outdoor travelling direction and participation effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on coordination development of IUA 2015, 24(04): 111-121.  Abstract ( )   PDF (788KB) ( )   Industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization (abbrev. IUA) are the three strategies of modernization construction in the 21st century in China, the coordination development of which will effectively promote the process of national modernization and regional coordination development. In this paper, by analyzing and summarizing the relevant literature abroad, we found that studies of coordination development of IUA have been centered on the topics such as the theory model of urbanization, industrialization and rural development, the relationship analysis of labor force transfer, rural economic development, industry development , the process, mechanism and pattern of urbanization and industrialization, all kinds of social phenomenon analysis of urbanization and industrialization. In China, the researchers pay more attention to study the connotation, interactive mechanism, path-way, strategy formulation of IUA coordination development, the relation between urban-rural integration development, labor force transfer, Well-OFF society construction and IUA, the quantitative evaluation of IUA coordination. Overall, the research topics on IUA coordination development have changed from superficial to in-depth, and the research methods from simple to complex. The research has provided a scientific basis for economic construction, and has laid a foundation for the research on regional sustainable development. However, in the case study of specific IDU coordination development, the mechanism of action of the single process, the three coordination process need to be further strengthened, the quantitative evaluation model to be further improved, the spatial and temporal evolution need to be further studied, and the coordination model and path-way need to be further summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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The progress of studies on man-land relationship in English-speaking academy 2015, 24(04): 122-130.  Abstract ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   man-land relationship is one of four historical traditions in geographical research. In this paper, we collect and summarize the studies on man-land relationship from 2000 in English-speaking academy from the aspects of epistemology, methodology and application. We demonstrate that no matter in geography or inter-disciplinary communication, the research on man-land relationship has still been paid a great deal of attention while the new time connotation of it has been given. From the aspect of epistemology, the revitalization of environment research in geography bridges the linkage between human geography and physical geography with the reciprocal interaction between the sub-disciplines in geography. At the same time, knowledge from other disciplines broadens our horizon; from the aspect of methodology, it presents the portfolio approach to analyze complex man-land relationship based on modern technology that is in the context of complex system science to model with relative thinking; from the aspect of application, the issues such as poverty and sustainable development are solved with the humanistic care and the respect for natural environment in man-land relationship, meanwhile, theory and technology supports are given to other disciplines. Implications are drawn simply as follows. The integration of Human geography and physical geography as two main branches of geography is always the project of geographers which the revitalization of environmental geography provides the possibility for. The critical reflection for environmental determinism in English-speaking academy gives rise to our attention on physical environment. Furthermore, the theories and methods from other disciplines help us to analyze the formation process, structure characteristics, development tendency and optimal regulation between human and environment. In the field of application, when ecological civilization construction in china is like a raging fire, the tradition of human-land relationship holds the theory basis for the exploration between human society and natural environment. Meanwhile, the useful uptake from ecology, environmental sciences and complexity science supplies effective ways to achieve the harmonious goal between human and environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The changes,functions and relations of homeland and an alien land in the development of Xinhua Printing Industry 2015, 24(04): 131-141.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1063KB) ( )   Xinhua Printing Industry formed after the reform and opening up, which was a typical type phenomenon that people who come from the same place do the same job. This paper took Xinhua Printing Industry as an example, explored the changes, functions and relations of the immigratory place and migratory place in the development of Xinhua Printing Industry through qualitative study. The results show that in hometown and an alien land, the aspects of social economic and culture were changed a lot in the development of Xinhua Printing Industry. Hometown provides the industry with human resources, path of employment and emotional space; and an lien land offers the industry technology, path of industry and the space of upward social mobility and social adaption.The hometown and an alien land are tightly related with the industry, social relations and the culture, and develop a dynamic circulation of Xinhua pattern of which industry，immigratory place and migratory place are interconnected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of Spatial-temporal Structure and Expansion Strategy of Thailand Visiting-China market 2015, 24(04): 142-151.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1117KB) ( )   Thailand is one of Chinese friendly neighbors and strategic partners, Thailand Visiting-China market has been occupied an important proportion in the inbound tourism market in China. Under the background of bilateral cooperation in tourism, it has very important practical significance to analysis the Thailand Visiting-China market. However, the system research about tourist flow Spatial-temporal structure and development trend of Thailand Visiting-China market is still blank, so based on a large number of statistical data, using the time change intensity index, the seasonal intensity index, geographic concentration index and others quantitative methods, this paper analysis the structure characteristics and the evolution law of Thailand Visiting-China market from the space-time perspective. The results show that from the angle of time, Thailand tourism market has experienced four development periods from 1985 to 2010, which called slow development, tortuous development, recovery development and stable development. Tourist flow has experienced obvious fluctuation, strong fluctuation and stable fluctuation. The seasonal distribution is relatively concentrated, it concentrated from March to May and from September to October; From the angle of space, the geographical distribution of tourists is relatively concentrated. Tourists whose come from Thailand are mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan provinces and some hot tourism cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Kunming, Chengdu. On this basis, several relevant development strategies are proposed for expanding Thailand tourism market. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Chinese Tourist Flow in Thirty YearsThe Present Situation, Problems and Prospect 2015, 24(04): 152-162.  Abstract ( )   PDF (902KB) ( )   This article takes "tourist flow" problem research theory, time and content as the clue and reviews of domestic tourist flow in thirty years. On this basis,this paper analyzes problems of domestic tourist flow based on concept definition, content and research method of choice in three aspects ,then forecasts the development trend of domestic tourist flow research. This Study suggests that it is necessary for the current research of domestic tourist flow to discuss several basic problems just as the value dimension, contents of research on tourist flow system and the research technique means innovation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Tourism Development of the Frontier Ports in the Northeast of China 2015, 24(04): 163-170.  Abstract ( )   PDF (798KB) ( )   Abstract: In recent years, in circumstance of accelerating process of integration of world’s economy, various countries have been enhancing the mutual cooperation by geographic advantage. Because the allocation of produce is expanding into the border regions, the tourism is thriving. At present, with continuous improvement of international environment in Northeast Asia and the closer regional cooperation, the tourism in the border area of the Northeast of China gains development. Factors above builds the foundation of the tourism of the frontier ports. With concrete analysis both on the advantages and disadvantages of development of the tourism of the frontier ports in the Northeast of China, relative policy is proposed for sustainable development of tourism in this region in the paper. At the same time, tourism strategic layout of “six belts-five areas” is made by factors mentioned above. Related Articles | Metrics