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主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

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    15 October 2019, Volume 28 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    A research on the effects of AIIB on Chinese OFDI in the context of the "B&R" Initiative
    Fenglong WANG, Yuefang SI
    2019, 28(5): 1-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479
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    After the global financial crisis in 2008, China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has increased dramatically and further got promoted by issuing of the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R) and foundation of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). Accordingly, influencing factors of China's OFDI have drawn much attention from both economists and geographers. However, few studies have examined the combined influences of the B&R Initiative and AIIB on Chinese OFDI. This paper aims to help narrow this gap by examining the factors influencing Chinese OFDI in countries along the B&R. Although we do not find evidence of significant impacts of AIIB policies on Chinese OFDI from the difference-in-difference model, we still find that Chinese OFDI is more likely to flow in member countries of the AIIB along the B&R; while the difference in Chinese OFDI between members and non-members of AIIB is insignificant in other regions. This finding suggests that the member countries of AIIB have better financial and economic environment, more friendly policies for Chinese investment and more expectations on the development of the B&R and thus more attractive for Chinese overseas investment. This study also shows that GDP and institutions of the host countries are important factors of Chinese OFDI in countries along the B&R. However, some other factors found important for OFDI in existing literature, such as geographical distance, technology, natural resource and trade, seem to have few effects on Chinese OFDI in countries along the B&R.

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    Study on the mutual interaction of geo-economic relations between China and its neighboring countries
    Chenran XIONG, Limao WANG, Qiushi QU, Ning XIANG, Bo WANG
    2019, 28(5): 11-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05
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    The trade relations are critical to understand the geo-economic relations between China and its neighboring countries. This article built a new origin-destination mutual model to analyze the temporal variation of mutual interaction of geo-economic relations between China and its neighboring countries from 2001 to 2016 by selecting the export & import preference, export & import market shares and relation concentration from the perspective of export and import based on goods trade data. Major findings are as follows: 1)The preference of neighboring countries' exports to China has risen, and is higher than the preference of China's exports to neighboring countries. 2)The market shares of China's exports to neighboring countries is higher than that of their exports to China. 3)The preference of neighboring countries' imports from China is higher than that of China's imports from them. But, the preference of China's imports from neighboring countries is mainly focused on Japan and some ASEAN countries. 4)The market shares of China's imports from neighboring countries has risen, and is higher than that of neighboring countries' imports from China. 5)Mutual interaction of geo-economic relations between China and neighboring countries are mainly concentrated in Japan, Korea and Singapore. It is necessary to further explore the differences and evolution pattens of geo-economic cooperation between China and its neighboring countries and regions to serve the "Belt and Road" Initiative.

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    An analysis of China-India trade relation in the context of the "Belt and Road" Initiative
    Zhouying SONG, Mengyao HAN
    2019, 28(5): 24-34.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018446
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    China and India, as the world's most populous countries, important emerging economies and members of the "BRICS" countries, both have significant impact on the economic development pattern of Asia and the world. And the study of China-India trade relations is of great significance for promoting China-India bilateral economic and trade cooperation, improving the construction of Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor and the development of "Belt and Road Initiative". Based on review of the trade research between China and India, this paper analyzes the development pattern of China-India trade relations, explores the trade structure and sensitive industries of China-India trade relations, and estimates the economic contribution of China-India trade to each economic development. The results show that:(1) China-India trade volume had expanded rapidly from 3595 million USD to 84258 million USD in 2001-2017. Meanwhile, China became one of the most important trade partners of India, but India's trade status in China rose slightly.(2) At the provincial level, most coastal provinces have relatively strong trade links with India, while provinces in Central China and Western China have less trade links.(3)The trade risk between China and India is relatively low, as neither China nor India could identify sensitive trade industries in their exports. China's imports from India were mainly resource-intensive and labor-intensive commodities, while China's exports to India gradually turned to technology-intensive commodities, which indicated that China's export structure to India had upgraded.(4)The export of mechanical equipment and chemicals industry had relatively high contributes to China's economic development, while the export of non-metallic minerals and minerals had relatively high contributes to India's economic development.(5)At the provincial level, the GDP contribution of exports to India in coastal provinces are relatively high, while Tibet and Xinjiang also have impressive GDP contribution.

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    Analysis on the evolution process and influencing factors of China-ROK bilateral relations ——Based on event data analysis
    Yuan WANG, Zenglin HAN, Fei PENG, Kaiping JIANG
    2019, 28(5): 35-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018212
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    South Korea is an important channel connecting the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan, and its geographical position has a special geopolitical influence. However, the development of China–South Korea relations play a vital role in guaranteeing China's national interests in the Korean Peninsula, national defense security in Northeast Asia, the implementation of the geo strategic policy and so on. Thus, the event data analysis method was used to analyze the bilateral relations between China and South Korea from 2006 to 2017, and then the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of bilateral relations were summed up. Finally, the suggestions and prospects for the development of the relations between China and South Korea were put forward. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the relationship between China and South Korea roughly experienced the four stages from 2006 to 2017: Rapid development, Steady development, Fluctuant adjustment and fluctuant decline. (2)The bilateral relations between China and ROK are deeply influenced by changes in national comprehensive strength and power advantage, political orientation and foreign policy of South Korean leaders, geopolitical factors, interference by foreign powers, and changes in the situation on the Korean Peninsula. (3)Based on the theory of complex interdependence and the thought of the order of balance, suggestions have been proposed. Such as, China and ROK should actively deepen the complex dependency relationship, establish multi-channel communication mechanism and establish multilateral cooperation mechanism based on the balance of power order.

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    Analysis on trade pattern between China and South Asia under the background of the"Belt and Road" Initiative
    Lei ZHAO, Guoliang WANG, Ying WU, Suqiong WEI
    2019, 28(5): 44-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2017309
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    This paper analyzed the trade pattern of China in South Asia based on the trading data between China and South Asia countries from 2000 to 2016. The degree of interdependence between China and South Asian countries was measured via the HM index. The study indicated that:1)from the perspective of trade volume, India has been China's largest trading partner in that area;2)there is significant trade imbalance between China and South Asian countries;3)China's trade pattern in South Asia has been dominated by trading relationship with India, supplemented by that with Pakistan and Bangladesh;4)international disparity in major commodity categories exported to South Asia is shrinking, featuring mainly by capital- or technology-intensive exports;5)while discrepancy in major commodity categories among China's imports from South Asia is impressive and the majority of the imports is labor-intensive products;6)China's dependence on export to South Asian countries is notably lower than that of South Asian countries' to China;7)The dependence of Chinese exports on south Asian countries is growing since 2013,, while the dependence of south Asian countries on China is declining.

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    An analysis of trade structure and potential between China and Iran under the background of the "Belt and Road" Initiative
    Mengru REN, Junhua CHEN, Yongtong SONG
    2019, 28(5): 54-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018356
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    "The Belt and Road" initiative provides a new platform for China's trade with countries along the line. Iran is a node country in "The Belt and Road" initiative. Based on this, this paper uses the bilateral trade data between China and Iran from 2010 to 2016, combining the comparative advantage index, complementarity index and Lawrence index to analyze the trade structure of the two countries. Secondly, the potential of bilateral trade between China and Iran is assessed by establishing a gravity model. The results show that: 1)China's export to Iran increased by 48.01% from 2010 to 2016, prompting bilateral trade to gradually balance; 2)Iran has given full play to its complementary advantages in trade with China, while China has not fully realized its complementary advantages in trade with Iran; 3)The structure of bilateral trade products between China and Iran has remained steady; 4)China's trade potential with Iran shrunk by 16.89%. The study shows that China and Iran need to seek new strategies for bilateral trade with the help of the advantage platform of the "Belt and Road" Initiative.

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    Study on aircraft carrier for Chinese ocean security from the perspective of seapower
    Zhen YANG, Meiwu LIU, Liang CAI
    2019, 28(5): 65-73.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479
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    Since the end of the Cold War, the geopolitical environment of China has changed greatly. The different needs of economy, geopolitics and diplomacy, etc, have forced China to enact the geopolitical strategy of seapower first. Meanwhile, China's overall maritime security environment is turning more and more complex. There are two kinds threats, which are traditional and non-traditional, to China's maritime security. The traditional security threats are from several maritime powers including America, Japan and India, etc, which pose threats to China's maritime rights and interests. The non-traditional threats, which include maritime terrorism, international piracy and smuggling, also have direct impact on China's political and economic security in maritime field. In this context, the PLA Navy, whose key components are submarines focusing on offshore water defense, is not enough to face these challenges. Constructing Blue Navy with aircraft carrier as its core has been an essential measure for China to safeguard its maritime security. Faced with traditional security threats, Chinese aircraft carrier's roles are huge and indispensable, including control of air and sea, maritime blockade, antisubmarine warfare, amphibious assault, antimissile warfare, sea-based nuclear forces protection and support to joint maritime operations. As for non-traditional security threats, aircraft carrier can also play an important role in evacuation, disaster relief and anti-piracy, etc. Thus, aircraft carrier is of great significance to China's maritime security and is playing a more and more important role.

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    The strategic layout of the overseas ports based on the channel security of the Maritime Silk Road
    Nuo WANG, Xihuan TIAN, Weijie ZHAO
    2019, 28(5): 74-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018137
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    To study the state of shipping network of the Maritime Silk Road, the statistics of the corresponding ports and routs along the Road was conducted in this paper. Combining with the geographic features, this paper analyzed the changes of the network connectivity when the sea lanes were interrupted. According to the geopolitical characteristics, risk analysis is carried out on the main sea areas covered by the maritime Silk Road. Finally, in order to strengthen the risk control of the "maritime Silk Road" transportation network and ensure its interconnection and intercommunication, based on the geopolitical risk analysis, this paper researches the distributions that China's enterprises invested the oversea ports along the Maritime Silk Road in recent years. The results show that in order to strengthen the smoothness of the Maritime Silk Road, China should actively participate in the governance of global instability factors while ensuring the safety of the ports and surrounding sea areas. In addition, China should strengthen the communication among the countries of the Maritime Silk Road. Besides, China's enterprises should invest the ports which were located in the surrounding areas of the Mozambique Strait, the English Channel. In addition, China should constantly strengthen the construction of maritime military to enhance the navy's ocean-going capability in the sea areas around important sea lanes. Finally, China should Actively promote political mutual trust among countries along the road to promote peaceful development. The results of this paper are of great reference value for the scientific layout of China's overseas port layout on the "maritime Silk Road".

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    Spatio-temporal evolution of urban network in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area ——Based on listed company organization relations
    Yao XIONG, Li HUANG
    2019, 28(5): 83-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2018186
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    Urban network evolution is an important basis for urban regional planning and construction. This paper presents the shifting urban network created by listed companies in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area between 2000 and 2016. The methodology used to examine cities' connection, local group and overall network structure is based on the interlocking network model and the Social Network Analysis. The results show that the headquarters of listed companies are highly agglomerated, and its radiation scope is gradually expanding. Meanwhile, the strong connection between Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou constitutes a solid contact corridor. Along with the development of network structure, the dual core status of Shenzhen and Hong kong is becoming more and more highlighted. As for flow direction, Hong Kong is a strong export-oriented city, while the others are input-oriented cities, but the imbalance of output and input is gradually weakening. In addition, there is an evident phenomenon of subgroups in the studied area, we find that the subgroups built on geographical proximity is gradually disappearing, cross regional integration is becoming prominent. Finally, the overall urban network presents a relatively high density and a tendency of decentration. At the same time, the urban network has changed from formal polycentricity to functional polycentricity, and it has entered the centrifugal stage.

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    Temporal and spatial characteristics of urban recreation behavior based on digital footprints ——A case study of Shanghai
    Zhen LIU, Zefan DAI, Jiajun LOU, Song LIU
    2019, 28(5): 95-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018154
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    Based on the digital footprints derived from Ctrip, this paper uses the method of concentration index, peak index, and social network theory to compare the differences in temporal and spatial characteristics of recreation behavior between residents and tourists. The results show that: (1) Shanghai residents prefer to recreation in summer and autumn. Meanwhile, they are more likely to choose daily leisure time to recreation. The concentration index of tourist is relatively high, and tourists flow presents dynamic seasonal features. There is an obvious peak phenomenon during Golden Weak and winter and summer vacation.(2) Shanghai residents have preference for entertainment and leisure recreation attractions, whereas tourists lean towards famous sightseeing and tourist recreation attractions. (3) The density of residents' recreation network is comparatively high. The core scenic spots play a crucial role in the network to bring more residents to other spots. Accordingly, scenic spots in different regions are tightly tied to each other. By contrast, the tourist recreation network is a "multi-core" pattern, which some spots in downtown area occupy the center position in the network and have intense connections with each other while the radiation of them are still weak. These results could provide corresponding reference for the improvement in local recreation management.

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    Influence of built environment on residents' leisure time physical activity from the perspective of life cycle
    Fei CHEN, Suhong ZHOU, Lin ZHANG
    2019, 28(5): 106-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.chenfei
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    The relationship between built environment and leisure time physical activity(LTPA) is a popular issue in recent years. However, the difference between residents at different stages of Life Cycle needs to be studied. Using multiple linear regression equation, this study compares the difference effects of built environment on the residents' LTPA between different stages of Life Cycle. Firstly, residents in Guangzhou are divided into non-subsidiary stage, Phase I of the full nest stage, Phase II of the full nest and empty-nest period based on the Life Cycle theory. According to the results, there is significant difference in the frequency and time of walking, moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity, while there is no significant difference on the Mets of LTPA. Secondly, the effects of the built environment on the Mets of LTPA of residents are different. Residents at all stages are positively affected by the density of fitness facilities. Residents at the stage of non-subsidiary prefer to choose diversified leisure physical activities of moderate intensity or high intensity, so the high density of POI and intersections has a positive impact. The residents at the stage of Phase I of the full nest stage and Phase II of the full nest are bound by family life and less affected by the built environment. The residents at the stage of empty-nest prefer to walk, so they are affected more by the differentiated land use patterns. Living in the areas with differentiated land use patterns, the residents at the stage of empty-nest are more likely to go out. Thus, considering the different characteristics and needs of the residents, the distribution of service facilities should be different.

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    Research on the coordinated development of advantage industries in global innovation cities ——Testimony from 36 American metropolitans
    Ying ZHU, Lei ZHENG, Lulu WANG, Qi TU
    2019, 28(5): 118-129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018153
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    In order to measure the degree of synergy between global innovation cities' industries, we choose 36 metropolitan areas with obvious innovation advantages as the research object, select the information industry, professional and commercial service industry and the financial industry as four dominant industries. Based on the industrial cross-section data of 2007 and 2012, the evaluation index system of each industrial system is determined, and the coupled coordination model is used to analyze the coupling development of the four industrial systems in the sample city. The research results show that the industrial development types of sample cities can be divided into three categories: single type, mixed type and synchronization. Among them, the number of samples in single industry has decreased, and the synergistic development of industry tends to be obvious, specific to the industry, manufacturing industry is very prominent, the advantages of professional and commercial service, information industry and the financial industry are not obvious, and more than half of the city belongs to the manufacturing-oriented single-industry type and manufacturing-oriented mixed type.Specific to the city, the high-order synchronous development type of city has always been only one (New York), and the level of industrial development and coupling coordination are better. Most urban industrial systems have both advantages and shortcomings, but they do not affect their strength of innovation. In general, cities with higher innovation rankings have higher coupling and coordination between industries is relatively better. The type of industrial development in the sample cities generally shows a trend from single type to mixed type and synchronous development. Manufacturing is still the cornerstone of innovative cities.Therefore,the practice of building a global science and technology innovation center in China should be based on the industrial advantages of the city itself, but also pay attention to the key role of the manufacturing industry, promote coordinated development of multi-industry.

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    Research of spatial and temporal pattern of agricultural production efficiency and its convergence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
    Fang FANG
    2019, 28(5): 130-140.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018274
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    By dividing the 146 typical counties of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region into five agricultural regions- Beijing and Tianjin suburban agricultural region(I), Northeast Hebei agricultural region(II), Central Hebei Plain agricultural region(III), Tai-hang Mountains agricultural region(IV), Bashang agricultural region(V), this paper measures the agricultural production efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and five agricultural regions in 2000-2015 and tests their convergences, and reveals the mechanism of convergence of agricultural production efficiency in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The research results show: the trend of agricultural production efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region changes smoothly generally stable as a whole, and the agricultural production efficiency of five agricultural regions is V>II>IV>I>III from high to low; the Malmquist index shows a significant fluctuation trend, and technological progress has a significant effect on the improvement of agricultural production efficiency; under the joint influence of the endogenous factors such as agricultural resource endowment and geographical location and the exogenous factors such as economic development environment and technical progress and agricultural support policy, the agricultural production efficiency is improved by optimizing and reorganizing agricultural production factors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and the gap of agricultural production efficiency between the different agricultural regions is narrowed by the factors flow and substitution, which led to the agricultural production efficiency of five agricultural regions in different economic development levels converges to different steady state levels; finally, this paper proposes the specific path for cooperative development of agriculture in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from the perspectives of modern agricultural production and management system, financial transfer payment mechanism and agricultural scale management and green ecological agriculture.

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    Progress of research on the influence of urban spatial structure on the location of emerging industry in China
    Renfeng MA, Tengfei WANG
    2019, 28(5): 141-152.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479
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    Emerging industries, as the most dynamic forms of current urban/regional development, has a mutually reinforcing and influential relationship with the urban spatial structure, and they have the effect of stimulating development, employment, and improving land use efficiency and urban competitiveness, and are therefore highly concerned with geography, urban planning and management. Through the review of the school of urban spatial structure research, the location of emerging industries and their influencing factors, location rules of typical branches and influences of urban land use types on emerging industries in China, this paper found:(1)The location selection rules of branch industries in emerging industries are not the same, and global-local relations networks, cultural layers, institutional milieu, and knowledge attributes and their density have become new location factors.(2)The new/old space elements and entity/virtual space elements within the city all play an important role in the agglomeration of emerging industries.(3)The existing research methods present industry-spatial fragmentation status, and the construction of an agent-based model of matching between emerging industries and spatial elements including Institutions, relational networks and local cultural layers will help to clarify the industry-spatial interaction mechanism and achieve the synergy between industrial agglomeration and urban/regional planning.

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    Scale system and dynamic change characteristics of natural gas flow in China
    Yiqiang WANG, Mingbo ZHU, Yuan ZHAO
    2019, 28(5): 153-164.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018224
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    The paper analyses the scale distribution, scale structure and internal dynamic change characteristics of the natural gas resource flow system in China by using methods of "law of the primate city", "rank-size rule "and "Markoff shift matrix". The following conclusions are drawn: (1) China's natural gas flow system is developing step by step, no matter in terms of quantity or scale, it has increased significantly. (2) The rank-size distribution of natural gas flow system in China accords with the ZIF rule and has fractal properties. In terms of output system size distribution, it presents the trend of converting from the primacy distribution mode to the decentralized equilibrium mode, and then to the primacy distribution mode. In terms of input system size distribution, the overall performance is centralized distribution mode, and the natural gas flow scale is relatively developed in the middle rank provinces. In the output scale system, the development of no flow area and low flow scale area is not active. And it is difficult to achieve leaping development. The input scale system shows a trend towards a moderate scale. Overall, China's natural gas scale expansion is relatively stable. Therefore, it is proposed to strengthen the exploration of natural gas resources, broaden the production and import source of natural gas, and further strengthen the construction of the main natural gas pipeline network in China, and gradually build and perfect the coastal LNG receiving station and the pipeline network.

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    Research progress on firm innovation networks and multi-dimensional proximity from the perspective of economic geography
    Xianzhong CAO, Gang ZENG, Yuefang SI, Haina ZHANG
    2019, 28(5): 165-171.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018122
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    Innovation is the first driving force to lead economic development, the research on firm innovation networks has recently received great attention from economic geographers, the research has gone through the process of changing from qualitative to quantitative, especially, the structural characteristics of innovation networks based on patent or paper data has become the current research focus. However, the internal formation mechanism of firm innovation networks is still not deep enough. Many scholars have introduced a multi-dimensional proximity framework to analyze the important perspective of the formation of enterprise innovation network. This paper sorts out the research hotspots from three aspects: the influencing factors of firm innovation networks, evolutionary dynamics and mechanism, and typical cases of firm innovation networks, and focuses on the operation mechanism of firm innovation networks from the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity. The results show that geography, cognitive and organizational proximity play a more important role in promoting innovation cooperation among firms. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the related research on optimal proximity scale, substitution or complementarity of different proximity and ranking of importance.

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    Reasons of the emergence of Maritime Silk Road in Tang Dynasty
    Jiangang WEI
    2019, 28(5): 172-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05
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    The large-scale maritime trade between China and East Asia, Southeast Asia, West Asia and East Africa began in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and the main trade commodity was ceramics. The "secret porcelain" produced in the north-central region of Zhejiang Province was the main commodity of maritime trade between China and other countries in this period. According to the observations of the unearthed Chinese ceramics from various countries, the "secret porcelain" produced by the Yue kiln spread throughout North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Egypt and other coastal countries. The export lasted from Tang to Song Dynasty for more than 300 years. The main export port of the "secret porcelain" is ancient Mingzhou (now Ningbo) Port. The cross-border trade routes of "secret porcelain" consisted of three routes based on distances: i) northeast route, which is to the East Asia; ii) southeast route, which is to the Southeast Asia; and (iii) southwest route, which is to the South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa. There were four main reasons why China opened up maritime trade channels in Tang Dynasty: first, the Silk Road between China and West Asia was cut off; second, the "secret porcelain" traded is of high quality, in large quantity and fragile, so it was not suitable for land transportation; Third, people in Tang Dynasty have mastered shipbuilding and ocean-going navigation technology; fourth, the Tang Dynasty offered incentives to support overseas trade. The large-scale export of "secret porcelain" could improve the quality of people's life in importing countries, and at the same time, spread Chinese culture all over the world.

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    Research on the significance of the reconstruction of Zhuhai-Macao boundary: A perspective from residents' crossing boundary behaviors
    Dawen SHEN, Ning AN, Yuancheng LIN
    2019, 28(5): 181-190.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018175
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    The research attempts to discuss the physical form of the boundary and its spatial function, argues the formation of space and time distribution of cross-border activity place related to the intention and practices of cross-border actors. Based on the particularity of border between Zhuhai and Macao, the cross-border flow of residents has promoted the social and cultural exchanges and integration of the two places from the bottom up. Base on the track of cross-border behavior and the interview from the Gongbei port, found that the practice of crossing the Zhuhai-Macau border is given priority to personal consumption, including shopping, entertainment and diet, etc., and connecting with the consumer place is the same, but there are also differences from generation to generation and class for cross-border activities of the intended purpose and influence its activity location choice. Liquidity of crossover behavior connects with a specific place, making the space of the original fixed administrative boundaries set by control function is gradually being broken, for meeting the needs of life, emotional ties to social interaction, or the cause of the pursuit of the value of the local experience, subject to cross-border behavior's motivation and emotional expression is shaped the main clues of cross-border activities place's geographic imagination, the difference between the geographical imagination and the real life space forms the imaginary boundary, which indirectly forms the reconstruction of the spatial meaning of the Zhuhai-Macao boundary.

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    Research on community governance of tourism commercialization in Potala Palace
    Kun LIANG, Shuang LUO
    2019, 28(5): 191-199.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018232
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    Based on the theory of tourism commercialization and community governance, this paper organizes the characteristics of this phenomenon of tourism commercialization in Potala Palace and surrounding communities, analyzes the governance result and facing predicament of those communities' commercialization. Meanwhile, this paper uses the static game model and decision tree to analyze the process of the game of various stakeholders in the governance of tourism commercialization in the Potala Palace and surrounding communities, and to analyze the causes of governance dilemmas. It is found that the community governance of tourism commercialization is influenced by power relationship network and interest choices of main stakeholders. The government and relevant departments are in a strong position in the game, leading and taking measures to control the commercialization of tourism. There are significant differences in the process and difficulty of commercialization in different spaces of the heritage. There are certain reasons, "interest-power" complicated relationship and poor communication between stakeholders, the unclear threshold of commercialization control that caused this delimmila. In the game of major stakeholders, each governor should reconstruct a relatively balanced "interest-power" relationship structure to ensure that the commercialization of community tourism can be effectively managed.

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    An analysis of knowledge map on traditional village tourism research in Mainland China based on CiteSpace
    Yuwen HAN, Chengcai TANG, Chunyu YANG, Ning LV
    2019, 28(5): 200-209.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018138
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    In recent years,the study on traditional village tourism has increased rapidly. Based on CiteSpace software for researchers and publishing organizations, keywords and research content, and research frontiers, the research found that: ①The relationship between core research scholars is relatively weak, and most of them are in a state of independent study. ②The cooperation between document agencies is low and the regions are mainly concentrated in the south; ③ The current research on traditional village tourism mainly focuses on the development of rural tourism in traditional villages, the development and protection of traditional village tourism, community participation in the development of traditional village tourism and traditional villages and ecotourism; ④The research frontiers of traditional village tourism are the new business forms of traditional village tourism, traditional village tourism and rural revitalization, the new path of traditional village protection and tourism development, and the green development of traditional village tourism.

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    International experience and enlightenment of study of recreational utilization of industrial heritage resources
    Hu YU, Kaiyong WANG, Linlin XU
    2019, 28(5): 210-220.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.2018161
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    In the traditional industrial zone, the industrial spatial renewal oriented recreation utilization of industrial heritage resources is an important means for urban functional areas to get transformation and optimization development. The current research mainly focuses on the mode and experience of German industrial heritage tourism, and lacks the deep law research on the demand characteristics of China's economic and social development. As for tourism geography, it has many advantages to study the suitability evaluation and development modes of the recreational utilization of industrial heritage resources. Moreover, tourism geography pays more attention to the reconstruction effect of man-land relationship produced by the utilization of industrial heritage resources and the optimization of man-land relationship in the region, which has great theoretical significance and practical value. Based on these means such as literature analysis and mathematical statistics, the paper systematically summarizes the frontier achievements on the recreational utilization of industrial heritage resources and spatial transformation of urban traditional industries at home and abroad. The paper found that the existing research topics have gone through three stages: the initial stage ( before 1995), the development stage (1995-2005), and the promotion and innovation stage (since 2006). The research content started from the pure industrial heritage tourism to the research on the evolution or regional human-land relationship brought by the recreational use of industrial heritage resources. More popular research topics include recreation use of international comparison, industrial heritage resources classification system and the evaluation, recreation use mode, development measures and its effects. On the whole, the above research was incline to the analysis of the specific object of industrial heritage resources, but there was still a lack o integrated research on the coupling relationship, process and effect between the recreational use of industrial heritage resources and regional transformation and collaborative development. The author puts forwards that the future study should base on the attribute-space integration database building, and should establish the classification system of recreational utilization of industrial heritage resources which could evaluate the value and development suitability of industrial heritage scientifically. Meanwhile, the multi-type development modes are refined according to the development demands of the urban functional area, and the influencing factors and mechanisms of the different modes as well as the optimization strategies and control measures are analyzed and suggested. Finally we hope this paper could establish a theory research paradigm framework and method system to expand the research field and vision of tourism geography.

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