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The research of transnational migration and ethnic communities from the perspective of geopolitics Ning AN, Bo ZHANG 2022, 31(6): 1119-1129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.20221000 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (552KB) ( )   In today's world, with the increasingly interactions between local and global, transnational/translocal becomes the social reality under the background of hyper-mobility. The multiple interactions between migrants and the place of the origin/destination blur the cross- countries/ localities boundaries and constantly reshape the social structure and space at the destination and gives different meanings to the places in the material and symbolic dimensions. Ethnic communities not only reflect the spatial interaction of the complex daily life practices of different immigrant groups, but also shift the focus of diverse ethnic spaces to the communities, spaces, territorial politics and even geographical imagination of mobilities, as well as bringing ethnic community spaces into a relational perspective. Traditionally, geopolitical studies have focused relatively little on immigrants and ethnic spaces. Therefore, this special issue focuses on cross-border migration and ethnic communities from a geopolitical perspective. Specifically, the special issue first reviews geopolitical research and its concern for mobility and geopolitical aspects of migration studies, and then discusses diverse cross-border migration and place-making of the ethnic communities at different geographical scales through 9 articles. We hope to add new knowledge to the existing literature from theoretical, methodological, and empirical perspective. We also attempt to serve the needs of society and governments by exploring the progress report of related research at home and abroad. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Material, emotion and power: Transnational migration and home geography Bo ZHANG, Meixin LIU, Xiaomei CAI 2022, 31(6): 1130-1141.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2021246 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (615KB) ( )   With the increasing focus on the research of mobilities, home gradually becomes an important concept to understand the everyday practice of the transitional migrants in the field of cultural geography. This article reviewed the literature about home geography and transitional migration. The results are summarized as followed: first, the research of the home of the transnational migration starts to absorb the theories related to the material and emotional geography and political economy, therefore, cultural geographers could make contributions to the theories of home by combining the concepts of material, emotion and power; second, the research of the spatial politics of transnational migration main focuses on the female group, the marginalized class and the proforma civic rights. Additionally, there is a trend that research focus shift to the male, the elite class and super citizenship while this shift provides new perspectives to study "home" in the context of the mobilities; finally, this article puts forwards the conceptual model of the "home" of the transnational migration through three elements, namely, material, emotion and power. It stresses on the importance of the residential space, urban space and transnational space and the mechanism of the scale interactions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The emergence and image building of simulacrascape influenced by new media: The case of Foshan Japan Street Wenting ZHOU, Zhexuan DING, Lingyun LIU, Chenhuixuan LIN 2022, 31(6): 1155-1166.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2021082 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1011KB) ( )   The past two decades have seen the emergence of a great amount of simulacrascape, which reshapes China's urban space economically, socially, culturally and politically. Unfortunately, as a new genre of urban space, the simulacrascape has not attracted widespread attention from scholars. This study shed light on a micro simulacrascape – the Foshan Japan Street, to examine its rising reasons and image building under the influence of new media. Located in Dali town, Nanhai district, Foshan city, the Foshan Japan Street is a pedestrian street approximate one-hundred-meter away from Wanda Plaza, which is constructed by the Wanda group and opened in the August of 2020. This paper was based on field investigation conducted in October and December of 2020, and on web-based text data drawn from various social media platforms, such as Xiaohongshu, Weibo and Bilibili, which are very popular among the youth for online discussion and communication. This study started with clarifying the imitated elements and characteristics of the Foshan Japan Street through field investigation, followed by the discussion of reasons for the emergence of Foshan Japan Street. Secondly, this study explored the image building process of Foshan Japan Street that was influenced by new social media through analyzing web-based text data. Finally, this study concluded with the discussion of the reasons for the opposite images of the Foshan Japan Street. In sum,the study found that: (1)the imitated elements of Foshan Japan Street are inspired by the urban Streetscape from Japan and ACGN subculture, but in reality, the Foshan Japan Street has become a cultural borrowing photo hotspot, which attracts a massive amount of young people for photo taking and online tagging; (2)the capital competition and new socializing ways are the two main driving factors for the emergence of the Foshan Japan Street. In addition, the change of tourism environment influenced by the new crown pneumonia also plays an important role, as it largely promotes the clout and publicity of the Foshan Japan Street; (3) the image building of the Foshan Japan Street is influenced largely by the new media. Under the influence of new media, discussions of the Foshan Japan Street by users of social platform focused primarily on two aspects, including cultural authenticity,and plagiarism and infringement, these discussions produced coexisting positive and negative images of the Foshan Japan Street at present. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the image construction and its impact mechanism of transnational immigrant enterprises: Observations from Chinese immigrant enterprises in Zimbabwe Xiaoting YANG, Yuling HUANG, Ning AN, Bo ZHANG 2022, 31(6): 1179-1191.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.20220170 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (737KB) ( )   In the context of globalization, as China-Africa cooperation deepens, Chinese enterprises in Africa, as the main body of cross-border mobility, have become more and more closely connected to local economic and social ties, which not only accelerates the process of urbanization in Africa, but also deepens the degree of localization of immigrant enterprises, making them an essential part of daily social practices and reshaping the image of Chinese enterprises and the Chinese state in African society in a diversified way. At present, there are few studies on Chinese immigrant enterprises and the way they construct and influence their image in the local context, especially the factors that influence their image from a micro perspective. Based on this research gap, this paper used Chinese immigrant enterprises in Harare, Zimbabwe as a case study, and combined a mixed qualitative and quantitative research approach to explore the factors that influence the corporate image construction of African employees and the degree of support for Chinese factories to continue to build factories there through questionnaires, participant observation, and in-depth interviews to reflect the local social integration of Chinese immigrant enterprises in Africa. The study reveals that the significant influencing factors are mainly related to the working environment of the factory, management system, social network, and influence on the region, while the association with individual African employees' factors is weak. Therefore, the study is further analyzed in a specific political, economic, and cultural context, and provides a reference for the integration of migrant enterprises into local societies in the context of the "The Belt and Road" construction. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cultural diversity and encounter: The place making of Chinese community in film works Lin LIN, Guangsheng YUAN, Min WANG 2022, 31(6): 1192-1203.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2021858 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (993KB) ( )   Art-processed film works reflect reality and surpass reality, constantly reconstructing and writing real space. This study cites theories of encounter geography, sense of place and Non-Representational, focusing on the film works of four Chinese communities. With text analysis as the main research method, this paper is attempt to explore the selective reproduction of Chinese community in four films, and, more importantly, the social and cultural significance behind it. The findings are as follows: (1) The film texts first start from the two spatial cultural symbols of folk rituals and geomancy culture, and make placeness. On this basis, the film texts use the landscape symbol as the entrance to reproduce the material space of the Chinese community and realize the new place-making. (2) Under the background of cultural diversity, the Chinese community has become an important place for "the self" culture encountering "the other" culture. (3) Non-representational theory explores new encounters within a framework of local negotiation and affective integration by emphasizing the interrelationship between people and ethnic communities. (4) The study further explores the relationship between the cultural diversity of ethnic communities and local governance in the film texts, and provides references and recommendations for ethnic communities to achieve better local governance in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Unbalanced transnational population mobility: Reflections on the history and policy of US-Mexico immigration Yihui HUANG, Hongsheng CHEN, Zhigang LI 2022, 31(6): 1204-1214.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.20220152 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (921KB) ( )   The United States is the world's largest recipient of immigrants, and Mexico is the largest source of immigrants to the U.S. Special geographic ties and the large development gap have motivated many Mexicans to immigrate to the United States. Mexican immigrants provided sufficient labor for the United States, and the gathering of immigrants in the U.S.-Mexico border area has driven the development of border region between two countries. However, ethnic conflict has become one of the major social issues in the U.S., especially after the 9.11 attacks, division and opposition appeared in the U.S. society on ethnic minorities and illegal immigrants, becoming the focus of domestic political gaming. Based on the perspective of regional geopolitical relations, the long-term unequal international relations between the U.S. and Mexico have determined the inflow and survival of cross-border immigrants, which is also one of the main causes of ethnic conflicts in the U.S. With the politicization of the immigration issue, the uncertainty of Mexican immigration policy has increased, making it more difficult for immigrant individuals and families to integrate. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the path of city branding of immigrants from the perspective of resident's emotion: A case of Guangzhou's African community Zhiwei LUO, Yinbin LIN, Min WANG 2022, 31(6): 1215-1226.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2021927 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (644KB) ( )   With emotions becoming an important asset for city branding, the meaning-making process of non-marketer interventions is increasingly valued. However, current practical and theoretical research on city branding largely acquiesces to the secondary status of residents' participation in policy-driven contexts and lacks sufficient consideration of how residents' bottom-up actions shape city branding. In contrast, this paper offered a new perspective for city branding research by interpreting the emotional nature of space from the residents' perspective. Using case studies and semi-structured interviews and taking the phenomenon of the African community and its meaning production in Guangzhou as an example, the research examined how residents' emotions occur influenced by media and life experience, explored the role of residents' emotions on city branding of immigrants, and preliminarily dissected the operational mechanism of residents' emotion-driven city branding. The research shows that although the local government does not utilize the African ethnicity gathering phenomenon and its cultural landscape to construct a branding narrative, residents perceive, imagine, and identify with the meaning of place based on the human-place emotional relationship, which in turn invisibly shapes the open and inclusive city brand meaning of Guangzhou. However, residents' emotions are not a continuous, unified whole either; the organic development within the city makes residents interact with places in a differentiated emotional way. Under the influence of media representation and individual life experience, residents' positive and negative emotions toward the African ethnicity play constructive and destructive roles in the city branding of immigrants, respectively. The research calls attention to the significance of residents' bottom-up emotional expression on city branding, to provide a realistic reference for city image management. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and analysis of Sino-Japanese resource trade relations from the perspective of geo-economy Xuanyu LIU, Guoyu CHENG, Yungang LIU 2022, 31(6): 1227-1239.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020893 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1213KB) ( )   Major countries are the leading forces in the global political and economic landscape. The nature and pattern of their relations have a decisive influence on regional and global development and economic cooperation. Structural changes and high degree of external dependence on resources and markets have led to a new global game situation between the two countries. In the geo-economic era with the intensification of resource competition, how to balance the resource competition and cooperation between countries is the contemporary proposition of political geography. This paper takes the resource trade between China and Japan from 2000 to 2017 as a case, draws lessons from the idea of developing geopolitics and World-System, and uses coulomb gravity model to construct the intensity index of geo-economic cooperation, so as to explore the law of geo-economic competition and cooperation of Sino-Japanese resource trade. This study has shown that (1) the intensity of geo-economic cooperation between China and Japan in resource trade is mostly negative, and the overall competition is greater than cooperation. After 2008, the geo-economic relationship between the two countries has entered a new stage of contradiction and confrontation.(2) According to the competition and cooperation relationship, the resource trade goods between China and Japan can be divided into these types of strong competition, the fluctuating co-competition, and potential cooperation. Among them, fossil energy, rare metals and agricultural products are the key resources that affect the geo-economic competition and cooperation relationship between China and Japan.(3) The evolution of the capitalist world economic system is an important external cause of the change of Sino-Japanese resource trade relations. The competition for development rights constitutes the internal root of the resource game between the two countries in the world market. Rare metals provide a geopolitical leverage for China to maneuver the relations between the two countries. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Asian premium and potential competition of crude oil between China, Japan, India and South Korea from the perspective of global crude oil trade network Jian SUN, Kang WU, Yu YANG 2022, 31(6): 1240-1250.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2021100 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1223KB) ( )   With the complexity of global crude oil trade relations and the rising demand for crude oil in Asia, the "Asian premium" phenomenon in the global energy market has become a topic that needs attention. Based on the perspective of the complexity of the global oil trade network, this paper selected the 1993-2018 international crude oil trade data to conduct sample data surveys. By constructing a complex network model and potential competition index, this paper analyzed the Asian premium phenomenon in the global crude oil trade network and the potential competitiveness of China, Japan, India and South Korea. The research results show that the global crude oil trading groups are divided and blended, and China, Japan, India and South Korea are showing a trend of trade grouping. From the perspective of global crude oil trade network indicators, the status and influence of China, Japan, India and South Korea in the global crude oil trade network continue to increase, which has strongly promoted the shift of the global crude oil consumption center to the Asia-Pacific region.The potential competition index shows that the potential crude oil competition relationship between China, India, Japan, and South Korea presents different characteristics.China and Japan show the characteristics of "first strong and then weak", both between China and India and between China and South Korea are characterized by an overall continuous increase. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the relationship between residential forms and residents' political tendency in South Korea's apartment renewal: T Puji HUANG, Jie GUO, Qing ZHOU 2022, 31(6): 1251-1260.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020798 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1165KB) ( )   The Gangnam District of Seoul in South Korea is the main gathering area of the wealthy middle class and a typical case of urban transformation led by the government.In South Korea, the real estate policy is the main means to safeguard the legitimacy of the government of various parties, while urban renewal and apartment reconstruction are important means to increase housing prices, which have different impacts on the residence and life of different social classes. Thus, apartment reconstruction is one of the triggers for the political struggle between Korean classes and parties. The residents of Gangnam District form communities of interests based on their class status and interests, and participate in activities that promote or hinder the reconstruction of apartments. In the election of members of the National Assembly every four years, there is a class vote in Gangnam District that residents choose a party based on housing prices.The case shows that although the government dominates the apartment reconstruction of Gangnam District, when the redevelopment infringes on the interests of the residents, the political force of the residents appears, and it reversely interferes with housing policies in the form of votes.It is the interaction between Korean social groups and political parties that shaped the process of class differentiation and housing distribution in Gangnam District, Seoul. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial and temporal pattern of coupling and coordination between economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin Mingyue XUE 2022, 31(6): 1261-1272.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020674 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1796KB) ( )   Ecological environment is the foundation of economic development. Coordinated development of economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin is the premise to promote its' ecological protection and high-quality development. This paper took 91 cities of the Yellow River basin as the research unit, constructed economic development and ecological environment coupling coordination evaluation index system, used entropy method and coupling coordination model to analyse the spatial and temporal pattern of coupling coordination between economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2018. The results show that: (1)From the perspective of timing analysis, the coupling degree between economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin presents a trend of slight fluctuation and decline, with a low level of coupling and a long-time opponent of moderate coupling. Overall, the degree of coordination fluctuates and declines, mainly from the stage of near disorder to the stage of mild disorder, and the level of coordination needs to be improved. As a whole, the relative degree of development fluctuates greatly, which is manifested as that the ecological environment gradually lags behind the economic development as time goes by. (2)From the perspective of spatial analysis, the coupling degree presents a spatial pattern gradually increasing from the upstream to the middle and downstream, and the coordination degree presents a pattern of continuous distribution with provincial capitals and coastal cities as the high-value centers, showing obvious spatial differences. With the passing of time, the relative development degree presents a spatial pattern from dispersion to concentration, from individual to whole. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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How does urbanization affect informal employment? Linjing MA, Peisu LI, Yahong WU 2022, 31(6): 1273-1284.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020551 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (809KB) ( )   Urbanization is the carrier of urban informal economy development and one of the important factors affecting informal employment. This paper adopts the inter-provincial panel data from 2006 to 2017, and uses the adjacent-matrix and geographical distance matrix to construct the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), and empirically analyzes the impact of urbanization development on informal employment and its mechanism. It is found that urbanization can significantly promote informal employment through direct effect and spatial spillover effect. Among them, the direct effect mainly through agglomeration effect, space effect and investment effect to directly promote the informal employment in the region. At the same time, the urbanization development of synergies between neighborhood, which makes the regional urbanization development of informal employment has a significant positive spillover effects. Compared with the border region, the spillover effect of geographically close regions is stronger. Further research shows that government competition between provinces plays a strong mediating role in the spatial spillover effect of urbanization development on informal employment and is an important factor that produces such spatial spillover effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the dynamic evolution of China's inter-provincial spatial economic development relationship: Shouwei LIU, Yuling ZHANG, Xiwen LIU 2022, 31(6): 1285-1297.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020360 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (638KB) ( )   With the deepening of the process of economic globalization, the traditional regional economic theory needs to change to adapt to the evolving economic development relationship.Therefore, this paper took Xinjiang as the center of the research area, analyzed the evolution of the spatial economic development relationship between it and other provinces in the country, and provided new research ideas for improving the level of regional cooperation and exchanges and improving the general spatial economic relationship in the region. The study finds that: First, the level of economic correlation and geo-economic relations between Xinjiang and other provinces have a good development situation within the independent scope, but the relationship between the two is isolated, and the spatial economic development relationship cannot be improved through the mutual driving effect; Secondly, the types of spatial economic development relations formed between provinces and Xinjiang are more complex, that is, the problems presented in the microscopic indicators are different, and specific adjustment strategies need to be given according to the microscopic Euclidean distance. According to the research results, policy inspirations are given from five aspects: rationally adjusting internal supporting facilities, expanding the degree of regional opening to the outside world, relying on the connection of regional economic development strategies, forming a development pattern with multiple economic entities, and cultivating the consciousness of a regional community with a shared future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on poverty influencing factors in deep poverty county of Karst Rocky-desertified Area in Southwest China Renyi YANG, Changbiao ZHONG, Zisheng YANG, fenglian LIU, Haiying PENG 2022, 31(6): 1298-1309.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020533 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (785KB) ( )   The contradiction of population, resources, environment and economy is very prominent in karst rocky-desertified areas of Southwest China, which are the bottlenecks restricting the sustainable development of society and economy. Based on the theoretical guide of spatial poverty and the panel data of social, economic, population and other dimensions of Debao County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2019, this paper explored the influencing factors and spillover effects of county poverty in karst rocky-desertified area by using spatial dynamic panel model and GWR Model. The results of Spatial Dynamic Auto-regression Model show that the incidence of poverty in each town shows great inertia. The decline of Engel's coefficient of rural residents, the improvement of rural health care, the improvement of employment level, the decrease of the proportion of ethnic minorities, and the decrease of population density can significantly contribute to the reduction of regional poverty. The estimation results of the Spatial Dynamic Durbin Model not only support the results of the Spatial Dynamic Auto-regression Model, it also shows that rural residents, Engel's coefficient, and population density have significant beneficial, adverse and beneficial spillover effects, respectively. And the long-term impact are more profound. The results of GWR model show that the effects of these factors are different in space. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial pattern evolution of cultural enterprises and the heterogeneity of its influential factors in Nanjing Ting WANG, Peixue LIU, Guoping WU, Jianxin ZHANG, Aixin ZHENG, Zhipei ZHU 2022, 31(6): 1310-1320.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020645 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1155KB) ( )   The cultural industry not only serves as an important support for the urban economy, but also has a significant impact on the evolution of urban spatial patterns. This study analyzes the evolution of the spatial distribution pattern of Nanjing's cultural enterprises and the mechanism of location choice with the business registration data of cultural and tourism enterprises, taking the Nanjing's sub-district as the spatial scale and using LISA time path, the space-time transition, geographical weighted regression and other methods. The results show that: ①The spatial pattern of Nanjing's cultural enterprises is significantly differentiated and spatially agglomerated.②The evolution of the spatial pattern of cultural enterprises in Nanjing features a high degree of negative spatial integration. Apart from that, it is shown that a certain amount of transfer inertia between different street unit types. Besides, there is a relatively dynamic local spatial structure in the central peri-urban areas, while the southeastern and northwestern distant suburbs have greater fluctuations in the direction of spatial dependence. ③Historical industrial base, road density, tertiary institutions and other factors have a more prominent influence on the choice of location of cultural enterprises. It shows that the location choice of Nanjing cultural enterprises will take into account the degree of industrial agglomeration, enterprise technology, the source of talent, and transportation accessibility. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism and causal combination of the evolution of tourism economic network of urban agglomeration on the West Coast of the Taiwan Straits Xuetong SONG, Yongquan LI, Wenqi RUAN 2022, 31(6): 1321-1331.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020588 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (972KB) ( )   Taking the city groups on the West Coast of the Taiwan Straits as an example, the tourism economic network is constructed by gravity correction model. Based on the theory of "growth pole", the driving factors of tourism economic network are discussed by using QAP and geographical detector analysis methods, and the causal combination allocation strategy is discussed by using fsQCA method. The results show that: (1) the spatial structure of tourism economic network of city groups on the west coast of the Straits is characterized by relatively dense network in the eastern coastal areas and sparse network in the central and western regions. (2) The level of regional economy and the degree of opening to the outside world are the core driving factors, and each influencing factor has a high impact on promoting the spatial development of tourism economy. (3) The results of the overall level of geographical detector factor detection show that the detection force value q be situated between 0.506 And 0.926. Among them, each influencing factor is in a comparative advantage position in the tourism economic network system, and the core driving factors of tourism economic spatial development are obvious, among which, the regional GDP (q= 0.926)and open degree (q= 0.834)are the most outstanding factors, which is also reflected in the continuous improvement of tourism demand and the development trend of tourism supply in the direction of high quality. Finally, two causal combination configuration schemes are identified. Based on the perspective of network, this paper explores driving mechanism and theoretical system of regional tourism economy, helps to optimize and manage the spatial development of regional tourism economy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial structure and impacting factors of the urban networks in China based on the perspective of cultural performance consumption Minghui XIE, Gengzhi HUANG, Xu ZHANG 2022, 31(6): 1332-1344.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.06.2020646 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1247KB) ( )   With the worldwide rise of cultural and creative industries, the cultural functions of cities and global cultural cities have become a new perspective in the research on urban networks. Drawing on the commercial performances data collected from the "DAMAI.NET" platform, this paper first presented a comprehensive analysis of the geographical pattern of cultural performances consumption in Chinese cities, the spatial structure of the urban network generated by touring performances, and the divergences between the urban networks created by different types of cultural performances. It further used the method of Ridge Regression to identify the major socio-economic factors that shape the geographical patterns of the urban networks created by cultural performances consumption activities. The outcomes reveal that: (1) Cultural performances consumption in China demonstrates both dispersive and concentrative patterns. Whereas the distribution of performances exhibits a wide geographical coverage, most of them are highly concentrated in a few top-tier cities, especially those in the eastern coastal area. (2) The urban network of touring performance displays a typical "diamond structure". However, there is an evident trend of penetration of touring performances towards the second- and third-tier cities, which reflect the divergences between different cities in their capability of local cultural production and the increasing marginal revenue of cultural performances. (3) The influence of the central and western provincial capitals in the touring-performance urban network has seen a significant increase, whereas the positions of the core cities in eastern coastal areas have to some extent declined, indicating the discrepant developmental status of performance market in different regions and the varying functions played by these cities in connecting their respective regions with the national cultural consumption market. (4) Different types of cultural performances also display rather disparate patterns of spatial distribution and urban network structure, which reflect their different market structures and profit models, as well as the impact of local urban cultural consumption characteristics. (5) The level of cultural and educational development, the investment of local government, the overall level of economic development and consumption, and the degree of openness are important factors that shape the pattern of the network of touring performances in China, which highlights the specialties of cultural performance consumption. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics