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01 January 2023, Volume 32 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Profound global changes, big tests, great cooperation and the role of geography: Bijian ZHENG 2023, 32(1): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.20222514 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (412KB) ( )   The world is facing major changes unseen in a century. As mankind enters the third decade of the 21st century, a world-sweeping pandemic and a wave of anti-globalization have made the global situation relentlessly changing. "Great changes" also mean "big tests" of whether countries in the world can persist in "great cooperation", that is, whether countries in various regions can resist the tendency of unilateralism, isolation and confrontation on a global scale, to gradually realize the "big cooperation". Geography can connect nature and society in terms of problem awareness, theoretical framework and research methods, capture the natural and human geographical characteristics of various regions of the world, so it can contribute to global sustainable development. The key to Chinese geographic research to "catch up with the times" and "lead the times" is to persist in innovation and insist on taking innovation as the core of the Chinese geography research. The convening of the first World Geographic Congress is a new starting point for Chinese geographers to go global. The World Geographic Conference should form a mechanism in the future, and strive to build it into a cooperation and exchange platform with extensive international influence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatio-temporal pattern evolution and convergence of global religious diversity after World War Ⅱ Xiaobiao LIN, Hengbi ZHENG, Shanggang YIN, Yuqi LU 2023, 32(1): 5-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.20220085 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1303KB) ( )   Using the LISA time path and convergence test, this paper investigates the spatial distribution characteristics, pattern evolution and convergence of the global religious diversity after World War II. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Religious diversity showed a fast and then slow upward trend after World War II, with an increase of 81.07%. At the religious level, the main manifestations are the continued decline of Christianity and the steady rise of Islam. (2) The LISA time path indicates a strong spatial lock-in effect of global religious diversity after World War II and a strong spatial integration of its spatial evolution. (3) There is significant σ-convergence and absolute β-convergence in global religious diversity levels after World War II, i.e., the internal differences in religious diversity levels at both global and continental levels are gradually closing, and there are spillover effects from regions with higher levels of religious diversity to those with lower levels in the periphery. (4) The existence of conditional β-convergence in both global and continental units indicate that the post-WWII global religious diversity evolution converges to different steady-state levels due to the combination of land cover type, composite indicator of national capability, number of ethnic groups, GDP per capita, and population size. At the continental level, the convergence of each continental unit is sensitive to different influencing factors, reflecting the significant geographical heterogeneity in the evolution of global religious diversity after WWII. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial evolution and influential factors of China's foreign technology transfer network Shanshan YAN, Chengliang LIU 2023, 32(1): 19-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020650 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (837KB) ( )   The rapid development of technology stimulates prosperity of patent transfer worldwide. This article aims to explore the spatial evolution, and influencing factors of the patent transfer of the mainland China. The approaches of the spatial analysis, complex network analysis, and negative binomial regression analysis were involved. It is found that: (1)The patent transfer network between China and other countries or regions is becoming denser, and the patent transfers between the Chinese mainland and other countries and regions show significant spatial heterogeneity at the global scale. Europe and America, who traditionally dominated the international technical exchanges for quite a long time, have gradually been replaced by three pillars of the world, e.g., Europe, North America, and East Asia. (2)Three domestic hubs are observed in the patent transfer flow network, which are Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Chinese mainland. The Chinese mainland has gradually become the largest core of the network. The scale of patent introduction has always been larger than patent dissemination. Taiwan plays an important role in patent output, while Hong Kong acts as a technical intermediary.(3) Transnational patent transfer will benefit from increasing research and development (R&D) investment and high-tech product exports as they help fill technological gaps. The accessibility of the contact channels and development degree of national economy are positively related to the quantity of patent transfer,but the influence of geographic proximity is not significant. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of international chain hotels' transnational expansion: A case study of Marriott Hotel Group Xiang ZHANG, Chenjiao MA, Xia DONG, Zhaohui WANG, Xingming LI 2023, 32(1): 31-42.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2021198 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   The paper had teased the spatial-temporal evolution history of international chain hotels' transnational expansion, described the spatial expansion scale and direction evolution of typical case hotels' transnational expansion such as Marriott Hotel Group. With the ArcGIS clustering analysis, it had measured and explains the spatial distribution situation and driving factors of its transnational expansion by Fragmentation Index, Unfirming Index and Agglomeration Index. Results show that: (1) The spatial scale of international chain hotels' transnational expansion is expanding, and the degree of internationalization improves continuously. (2) Transnational expansion of international chain hotels shows the characteristics of contact diffusion in the early stage, and accelerates to the developing countries and regions in the later stage, and gradually presents the characteristics of mixed contact diffusion and hierarchical diffusion. (3) International chain hotels' transnational expansion tends to develop homogeneously, evolving to more core countries and distribution countries. (4) Transnational expansion of international chain hotels spread from the core area to the hinterland. (5) The driven key facters are government intervention, market demand and industrial environment and government intervention, external opportunities, regional competitiveness and resource conditions show obvious lag and slowness. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of geo-economic relationship between China and neighboring countries and evolution of its spatio-temporal pattern Maolin LIANG, Bangwen PENG, Huasong LUO, Juhua HONG 2023, 32(1): 43-53.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020764 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1332KB) ( )   Based on the revised gravity model, this paper measured the geo-economic relationship between China and neighboring countries, then used ArcGIS and Ai to describe the evolution of the geo-economic relationship in time and space to reveal its overall laws and characteristics. The results show that: (1) The overall geo-economic relationship between China and neighboring countries shows a trend of rising volatility, but the differences between countries are significant and gradually expanding. Taking 2009 and 2016 as the trough turning period, the bilateral geo-economic relations can be divided into slow development period (2001-2008), steady growth period (2009-2015) and rapid growth period (2016-2019); (2) The geo-economic relationship between China and neighboring countries generally showed a spatial pattern of high east and low west, that is, China and Japan and South Korea in East Asia are medium-high to high geo-economic relations, the value is mainly low to medium-low geo-economic relationship with most neighboring countries in West and South Asia. Factors in the evolution of the pattern of geo-economic relations include international geo-environment, geo-economic benefits, geo-location, economic scale and resource endowments, geo-culture, etc. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial-temporal evolution and driving factors of intrastate COFDI in the United States: A case study of Texas Menglin WANG, Ying CHEN, Tingting ZHANG 2023, 32(1): 54-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020744 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1376KB) ( )   Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign direct investment has experienced a development process from "bringing in" to "going out". In 2016 and 2017, the flow and stock of China's outward foreign direct investment (COFDI) rose to the second place in the world, and China has changed from a country absorbing foreign direct investment to one of the world's leading foreign investors. Under the background of deepening economic and trade cooperation between China and the United States, the United States has become the first host country for COFDI. The diversity and complexity of investment environment lead to the spatial and temporal differentiation of COFDI in the United States. Using the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis, this paper investigated the spatial-temporal pattern and evolution characteristics of COFDI in Texas based on congressional district-level data. Then this study applied panel regression analysis to examine Texas intrastate driving factors of COFDI. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The stock of COFDI in Texas continues to increase while the whole process can be divided into different stages according to growth rate. (2) Government investment and Cross-border Mergers Acquisitions (M&A) account for a large portion of COFDI and these related establishments mainly distributed in energy industry. (3) Spatial concentration of COFDI is weak in Texas while the local spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that opposite attribute aggregation exists between congressional districts. (4) Market size, labor force, traffic accessibility, Chinese immigrants have promoted COFDI in Texas while labor cost, educational attainment, total tax rate, economic density are negatively related to COFDI. The above conclusions can provide decision-making reference for Chinese government and multinational enterprises in the process of investment in the United States. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of CEO space experience on location choice of China's top 500 private enterprises' headquarters Limin WANG, Xiangli WU, Fan LIU, Shaoduo ZHANG 2023, 32(1): 67-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2021182 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (829KB) ( )   Using the top 500 private enterprises in China as a research sample, basing on corporate headquarters data and CEO spatial experience data in 2005, 2011 and 2018, we used ArcGIS to perform spatial visualization analysis, revealed the spatial pattern characteristics of Chinese private enterprise headquarters, and explained the geographical space relationship between the CEO's spatial experience and the location layout of corporate headquarters.Results show that: ①The headquarters of my country's top 500 private enterprises are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Pearl River Delta and other coastal city clusters, showing highly dense distribution characteristics.②The headquarters of Chinese top 500 private enterprises are highly concentrated in cities with high administrative levels. Specifically, they are mainly concentrated in first-tier cities, sub-provincial and provincial capital cities.③From the perspective of the geographic spatial relationship between CEO space experience and the layout of the top 500 private enterprise headquarters, the CEO's birthplace, school and corporate headquarters have the same proportions on the urban, provincial and regional spatial scales, and the correlation is significant. Among them, the proportion of same number of places where CEOs have the last education has reached more than 30%; however, the correlation between different industries is obvious.Proportion of manufacturing CEOs in the same city with the last education and company headquarters is less than other industries, the correlation is relatively weak. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial pattern of R&D personnel concentration in China National High-tech Industrial Development Zone and its influencing factors Pengxin CHEN, Gang ZENG, Hao HU, Jinliao HE, Shishuai GE 2023, 32(1): 80-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2021005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1592KB) ( )   Attracting R&D personnel is a crucial measure to upgrade National High-Tech Industrial Development Zones (NHDZs). This paper uses location entropy to analyze the spatial patterns of the concentration of R&D personnel in NHDZs, and then applies Geodetector to detect its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) Those NHDZs with plenty of R&D personnel are mainly distributed in urban agglomerations. The distribution of R&D personnel concentration in national high-tech zone is relatively balanced. (2) The explanatory power of high-tech zone factor is overall stronger than that of city. But in different regions, the explanatory power gap of the two kinds of factors is different. In eastern and central regions, the concentration of R&D personnel of NHDZs is affected by both two kinds of factors, while in western regions, high-tech zone factors is more significant. (3) The economic scale of high-tech zones and the R&D personnel capacity of high-tech zones are the core factors for the concentration of R&D personnel in high-tech zones in all regions. In addition, the cost of urban housing, the attention of research in city and high-tech zone foreign trade level are the core factors that dominate the concentration of R&D personnel in high-tech zones in eastern, central and western countries respectively. (4) The interaction between two factors presents the relationship of nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. In addition, there are regional differences in enhancement relationship. The advanced level of high-tech zones, the economic scale of high-tech zones, and urban transportation are the more significant factors that interact with other factors in the eastern, central, and western regions respectively. In the end, this article provides some policy suggestions for the human capital construction of the NHDZs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on evolution and coupling coordination of urban innovation capability in Anhui Province based on improved TOPSIS model Zhiyu CHEN, Weidong CAO, Yachen FAN, Xilong XIANG, Dalong FAN 2023, 32(1): 92-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020808 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1491KB) ( )   Under the background of internal circulation development,urban innovation ability has become a decisive factor affecting the high-quality economic development. The year 2010,2014 and 2018 were selected as time points,and the improved TOPSIS and the coupled coordination model were used to conduct empirical evaluation and analysis on the spatio-temporal evolution law of the coupling coordination between the urban innovation ability and its subsystems in Anhui Province. The results show that: (1) The difference of comprehensive innovation capability among cities in Anhui Province is gradually expanding, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of "high in the east and low in the west". (2) The investment capacity of urban innovation in Anhui Province has gradually increased, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of "high in the south and low in the north"; The gap of innovation output capacity is gradually narrowing, and the spatial distribution difference is not significant; The gap of urban environmental support capacity is gradually widening, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of "high in the north and low in the south". (3)The coupling and coordination degree of "innovation input-innovation output-environmental support" capacity of cities in Anhui Province is low overall, showing a significant "center-periphery" distribution feature in space, with moderate imbalance and mild imbalance as the main types. (4)The reason why Anhui province's urban innovation capacity coupling coordination can not be further improved is mainly due to the influence of two or three compound constraints,in which the urban innovation input, innovation output and environmental support capacity at the same time lag behind the number of cities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the coupling and coordination of tourism space among four provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Delta from the perspective of three-dimensional space Na SONG, Yaqi MAO, Yali HE, Yibo TANG 2023, 32(1): 104-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2021019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (846KB) ( )   From perspective of ternary space, this paper explained the connotation of tourism physical space, information space and humanistic space and constructed an index system, taking four provinces and cities as the study area. The comprehensive evaluation, coupling coordination degree and grey correlation analysis model were used to measure the development level of tourism ternary space from 2013 to 2018.Results show that: (1) In terms of the comprehensive development level, the overall development level of the three tourism spaces in the four provinces and cities is low, but they all show a rising trend, and the comprehensive development level of tourism physical space is the highest, followed by tourism people-oriented space. the development degree of tourism information space is the lowest. From the perspective of the average annual growth rate of the comprehensive evaluation index, both Shanghai and Anhui Provinces belong to the priority type of tourism information spatial development, while Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province belong to the priority type of tourism human-oriented spatial development. (2) In terms of coupling degree and coupling coordination degree, tourism space shows a trend of continuous and coordinated development, but the overall coupling coordination degree is still in the middle and low level, and the two-to-two spatial coupling degree of the four provinces and cities is better than the result of three-dimensional spatial coupling. (3) From the analysis of index correlation, each second-level index in the evaluation index system has a great influence on the coordination degree of ternary spatial coupling, and grey correlation degree is in the state of "strong correlation". However, the influence of the second-level index in different space is different, and the influence degree on different provinces is also slightly different. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial spillover of housing price and its determinants: Case study in the Yangtze River Delta Ruhong WEI, Li JIN, Da FANG 2023, 32(1): 117-129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020680 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1355KB) ( )   The spatial spillover of commercial housing price is a key issue in recent years. However, very few scholars quantitatively measured the spatial spillover and explored its difference among types of commercial real estate. Taking the Yangzte River Delta as the study area, this paper aims to quantitatively measure the spatial spillover of housing price and its determinants among three types of commercial house (new house, second-hand house, and renting house). The results indicate that, first, the price of commercial house in Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing are rather higher than that in other cities, suggesting that the price is linked with the economic (administrative) hierarchy of cities. Second, the price decreases form the coast to the inland area, indicating a significant spatial hierarchy. Third, the spatial spillover of housing price continuously decreases from new house, to second-hand house, and to renting house. Fourth, Shanghai, Suzhou, Nantong, and Jiaxing appear in the agglomeration areas with higher price, indicating that the housing price of the four cities has a stronger linkage with that of other cities. In addition, economic foundation, consumption demand, and social (educational) resources play significant roles in the spatial spillover of housing prices. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of the progress and hot issues of Gravity Model based on the CiteSpace: A comparative analysis of literature from the economic geography perspective Yichuan ZHANG, Meng HU, Hong LI 2023, 32(1): 130-140.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020708 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1565KB) ( )   Using journal articles from WOS and CNKI, the development of gravity models at home and abroad and recent research hotspots are quantified and analyzed with the help of "CiteSpace". The study then reviews the mainstream research on multilateral resistance and zero value problems, the selection of distance variables and social network analysis, and briefly discusses the biases in the application of gravity models in international trade, international investment, and social space in China. It is found that: (1) The research themes of gravity models at home and abroad are relatively concentrated, with a clear common knowledge base, and a series of cross-country economic studies formed mainly on international trade, foreign direct investment, and population movement. (2) In recent years, the hotspots of international research on the application of gravity models are focused on climate issues, innovation, global value chains, and spatial integration, while domestic research focuses on "One Belt, One Road", Sino-US trade, Yangtze River Economic Belt and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the context of domestic market integration, international regional collaboration, and Sino-US trade friction.(3) Combined with keyword co-occurrence, emergence, and temporal trends of keywords and the traditional literature analysis method, it can be seen that the research on domestic gravitational models is mainly applied and significantly lags behind international research, and lacks basic theoretical exploration on multilateral resistance, zero value problem, generalized distance, and gravitational value calculation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on comprehensive measurement and systematic evaluation of Taiwan residents' leisure consumption potential Song LIU, Qingde WANG, Jiajun LOU 2023, 32(1): 141-149.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020679 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (685KB) ( )   Based on the analysis of the factors of leisure consumption potential system, this paper constructs the measurement and evaluation model, and collects the relevant data from 1998 to 2017 to comprehensively measure the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents. Meanwhile, from the perspective of coupling and coordination, this paper studies the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents.The main conclusions are as follows: First, the leisure consumption environment has a relatively large impact on the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents, and the participation of culture and leisure activities is particularly critical. Second, the comprehensive measurement results show that the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents generally maintains a gradient upward trend, and the potential level has jumped to a medium-high level. Third, the subsystem measurement found that the leisure consumption expenditure index and the leisure consumption environment index of Taiwan residents increased significantly, and the subsystem index grades had significant differences in time distribution. Fourth, The coordination degree analysis further finds that the leisure consumption potential of Taiwan residents is always in the stage of coordinated development and the coordination level is steadily increasing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diachronic analysis on the ecological footprint of tourism waste in Huangshan Scenic Spot Qingyu SHI, Jinhe ZHANG, Feng SUN, Yaru WANG 2023, 32(1): 150-161.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2021154 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1043KB) ( )   Diachronic research on the evolution law of tourism waste and its ecological impact is the basic work for tourism destinations to formulate sustainable development strategies. Based on ecological footprint theory, this paper explored the change characteristics of the tourism waste ecological footprint in Huangshan Scenic Spot from 1979 to 2018 by using years of relevant statistical data and the team's field investigation data. Four characteristics are summarized: (1) The evolution of tourism waste ecological footprint has obvious characteristics of stages. It rises continuously from 1979 to 1987, then drops up and down in a small range from 1988 to 1996, and then changes dramatically from 1997 to 2005, and finally remains stable from 2006 to 2018. (2) The composition and source proportions of tourism waste ecological footprint in Huangshan Scenic Spot are closely related to local waste treatment models and pollution prevention measures. Among them, solid waste footprint accounts for the largest proportion of 52.18% to 97.99%, and it has an impact on the local ecological environment from both explicit and implicit aspects. (3) With the growth of tourism economy in Huangshan Scenic Spot, the utilization efficiency of regional resources continues to increase, and the environmental quality improves steadily. It has always been in a state of sustainable development. (4) The practice of Huangshan Scenic Spot shows that the impeccable environmental management system and the continuously improved sanitary control measures can control the ecological impact caused by tourism waste within a certain range, which can provide a useful reference for the sustainable development of other mountain scenic spots. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on spatial allocation evaluation of urban emergency medical facilities: A case study of COVID-19 in Wuhan Haoying HAN, Yu CHEN, Xiaodong ZHANG, Yikang JIANG 2023, 32(1): 162-173.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2021128 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1997KB) ( )   Using the specific data of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan city during COVID-19, the study built an evaluation system of space allocation of emergency medical facilities during the outbreak of the pandemic in Wuhan by using the method of 2SFCA to evaluate the allocation of medical resources in Wuhan in pandemic time. The study finds that the spatial distribution of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan during COVID-19 is mainly in the core urban area, and most of the serving beds are in the traditional central area, while the spatial configuration of emergency medical facilities in the surrounding areas is still insufficient. There are large gaps in the configuration of emergency medical facilities, with uneven spatial distribution. With poor accessibility and limited research units that can be served, the accessibility of emergency facilities decreases from the urban center from the inside to the outside. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics