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15 August 2023, Volume 32 Issue 8 Previous Issue   

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The evolution of geo-military relations network of Indo-Pacific countries based on cooperation perspective Yaowei CHANG, Jing ZHANG, Zhijun HAN, Junwei WANG, Daihong TANG, Shukun DU 2023, 32(8): 1-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.20220121 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (4399KB) ( )   In recent years, the world's strategic center of gravity has shifted eastward, and the integration of the traditional Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions has accelerated. The United States, Japan, India and Australia have launched their own "Indo-Pacific Strategy", which has profoundly changed the geopolitical environment around China. Based on the GDELT data, this paper adopts the social network analysis method to analyze the evolution characteristics of the geo-military relationship network of countries in the Indo-Pacific region from the perspective of cooperation between 2001 and 2020. The results showed that since 2001, the Indo-Pacific region countries' geo-military relations level has rise in volatility and the scale of the overall network continues to expand, the network is highly relevant. The degree centrality of nodes increases obviously, and the weighted network has the scale-free feature. Major powers such as China, the United States and Japan have significant influence, and the control ability of ASEAN countries and other countries in the region is gradually improving. The geo-military relationship network presents an obvious "core-semi-periphery-periphery" structure. The core countries are mainly China and the United States, and the semi-peripheral countries are mainly US allies and close partners such as Japan, South Korea, Australia, and the Philippines. The results of community exploration are significantly differentiated and integrated in time and space. Currently, it evolves into a community composed of ASEAN countries and a community composed of the United States, Japan, Australia, South Korea and India. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on virtual transfer of carbon emissions and value added in international trade and its inequality Zhencheng XING, Jigan WANG, Kuishuang FENG, Jie ZHANG, Haikun WANG 2023, 32(8): 16-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021735 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1046KB) ( )   Differences in global value chain division of labor lead to the unequal phenomenon between the economic benefits and environmental costs of different countries in international trade, resulting in the carbon inequality of international trade. This paper used a multi-regional input-output model to track the carbon emissions and value-added transfer caused by international trade, and used the distance evaluation method to construct an inter-regional carbon transfer inequality index based on the net transfer relationship between the two, and analyzed the static distribution characteristics and dynamic evolution trend of global trade carbon inequality. It is found that developed European countries, such as Germany, Britain, France and Italy, have out Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Large network groups: A study on the China-ASEAN electricity interconnection network construction Ziling YU, Lili MA, Mengcheng REN 2023, 32(8): 25-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021936 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1078KB) ( )   Amidst increasingly stringent global environmental requirements and rapid advancements in new energy technologies, the construction of large-scale electricity grid interconnections has emerged as a prevailing trend. This paper focuses on fostering deeper economic and trade ties between China and ASEAN through the formation of a "Large Network Groups" electricity interconnection network. Utilizing the zero-trade gravity model and social network analysis, recommendations for the network's development based on network development theory are proposed. The findings reveal a negative correlation between the degree of regional electricity interconnection and geographical distance, while demonstrating positive correlations with trust levels and energy demand among the involved countries. Additionally, advanced new energy technologies in electricity-exporting countries are found to promote regional electricity interconnections, while importing countries exhibit contrasting effects. By assessing electricity interconnection potential across the region, this study identifies substantial potential throughout the majority of the China-ASEAN area, providing a solid foundation for constructing the "Large Network Groups" of electricity interconnection. Moreover, key centers for the northern electricity interconnection network are identified as Thailand and Laos, while Singapore and Malaysia serve as pivotal nodes controlling the eastern and southern electricity grids, respectively. As a result, China is encouraged to enhance electricity interconnection cooperation with Thailand and Laos, surpassing the existing China-Laos-Myanmar-Vietnam electricity interconnection network. Simultaneously, efforts should be made to strengthen connections with Singapore and Malaysia, facilitating the realization of a comprehensive "Large Network Groups" of electricity. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and planning of marine conservation in British overseas territories and the enlightenments based on the Blue Belt Programme Shengbo ZHAO, Xingping WANG, Yishun DAI 2023, 32(8): 37-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.20220099 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1465KB) ( )   The Blue Belt Programme is an important policy framework of the UK for marine environmental protection and management in its overseas territories. To know about the practice and planning of marine conservation in the British Overseas Territories (BOTs), we reviewed the work performance and main strategies of marine environmental protection and management and the marine conservation planning system in the BOTs within the Blue Belt Programme, and analyzed the Ascension Island Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2021-2026 as typical planning case. The experience of the UK was summarized from two perspectives of practice and planning. The experience in marine environmental protection and management includes formulating diversified protection and management strategies, exploring open and pragmatic working mechanisms, promoting technological innovation and application, and emphasizing work progress and effectiveness. The experience in marine conservation planning includes framing the multi-tiered land-sea integrated planning system, jointly promoting the implementation with multiple stakeholders engaged, monitoring and evaluating the implementation with dynamic feedback, etc. Then, the enlightenments for China's marine conservation and marine spatial planning were discussed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and enlightenment of environmental education system in National Parks of the United States Longfei MENG, Zhixin PAN, Wanli ZHU 2023, 32(8): 51-62.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021984 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (890KB) ( )   National park is a new and important type of natural protected area system in China, which emphasizes providing scientific research, education, recreation and community development opportunities for the public under the premise of strictly protecting the natural ecosystem. The construction of national parks in China started late, and most of the existing research focused on management systems, while environmental education, which highlights the important public welfare function of national parks, has been insufficiently studied. After more than one hundred years of practice, the environmental education of National Parks in the United States has formed a relatively mature legal system, scientific and effective management mechanism, professional unified planning process, sound talent team, and designed targeted and various environmental education programs to meet the needs of different visitors. All these have a good reference value for the construction of a national park environmental education system in China. This research divided the development of environmental education in National parks in the United States into four stages: the initiation of the environmental protection concept, exploration of environmental education, system formation and comprehensive maturity. It is concluded that the environmental education system in national parks in the United States has the characteristics of national, public welfare and scientific nature. Based on this, some suggestions were proposed for the improvement of environmental education in China's national parks in terms of management mechanisms, legal system, educational content and personnel training. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution characteristics of the trade between the ASEAN and global major extra-territorial powers since the 1990s Peng LI, Yueji QI, Chiwei XIAO 2023, 32(8): 63-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021074 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1320KB) ( )   The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is one of the most important regional political and economic organizations in the world. It demonstrates tremendous vitality and plays a critical role in international economic systems. Since the end of the Cold War, especially with the continuous advancement of regional economic integration in Southeast Asia, the trade and economic relations between the ASEAN (including Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and global major extraterritorial powers, i.e., China, America, Japan, India, and South Korea (hereinafter referred to as CAJIK), have become increasingly strengthened and complex. With the yearly bilateral trade data of CAJIK and the ASEAN countries during 1992-2015, we analyzed the trade patterns and trade interdependence between CAJIK and the ASEAN since 1992. The results showed that: (1) Total trade volume increased by 5.6 times between the ASEAN countries and CAJIK. Specifically, the total trade between China and the ASEAN achieved the greatest development and increased by up to 50.6 times. However, the total trade volumes between America, Japan, and South Korea and the ASEAN grew slowly. (2) Of the ASEAN countries, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand were the traditional largest trading partners with CAJIK. However, Vietnam has become a new growth pole in ASEAN trade in the 21st century, which is predicted to be the largest trade country in Southeast Asia. (3) The trade between CAJIK and the countries of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) increased much faster than those of Insular Southeast Asia (ISEA, including Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore), about 11.2 times versus 4.1 times respectively, which highlights the greater potential of foreign economic and trade cooperation in MSEA. This study contributes to understanding the general evolution characteristics of trade between the ASEAN and extraterritorial countries, and provides inspiration for conducting research on geoeconomic cooperation and its effects between countries, especially in border areas. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The micro-location patterns and influencing factors of entrepreneurial spaces: A case study of Guangzhou Xiangjie LIU, Min WANG, Chengliang LIU 2023, 32(8): 73-87.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021748 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3020KB) ( )   To a certain extent, the entrepreneurial spaces represent the spatial expression of entrepreneurial activities in the context of the "Internet +" transformation. This article combines the methods of bivariate spatial autocorrelation, geographically weighted regression, and negative binomial regression model to identify the urban innovation and entrepreneurship environment with entrepreneurial vitality and industrial characteristics, and explores the micro-location patterns and influencing factors of the entrepreneurial spaces in Guangzhou under the background of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Results indicate that: ①Since the implementation of the Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation, entrepreneurial spaces in Guangzhou have continued to emerge. Mass innovation spaces in Guangzhou have shown a trend of rapid ascending followed by leveling off and the transition from the location window period to the spatial agglomeration, and the spatial distribution of incubators is relatively stable. ②Micro-location patterns of entrepreneurial spaces are characterized by innovative and entrepreneurial patterns, creative and innovative patterns, creative-oriented, technology-intensive and capital-proximity patterns. The proportion of entrepreneurial spaces driven by technology-intensive and relying on universities has increased. The central business district, historical urban areas, and urban villages have spatial heterogeneity in the micro-location of entrepreneurial spaces. The proximity of universities and the radiation of industrial parks are the key influencing factors of the local and global location selection of entrepreneurial spaces. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of innovation output at county scale in China Junzhi DONG, Yiwei MENG, Zhiwei DING 2023, 32(8): 88-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021266 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2975KB) ( )   This paper took the number of patent applications and patent authorization as the indicators for evaluation, by using spatial classification, coefficient of variation, exploratory spatial data analysis and other methods to analyze the spatial difference of the innovation output at county scale in China, and then explored the influencing factors. The results were shown as follows. (1) From the perspective of the overall distribution pattern, the experimental results are similar to the existing research, but local special and shattered features are obvious. In addition, the areas with high-level output are mainly distributed in Southeast China, and the overall pattern is characterized by "One Belt" with the core of Fuqing and Changle and "Two Regions" are mainly distributed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta. Besides, the areas with low-level output are mainly distributed in northwest and western regions in China by Hu Huanyong Line and formed the agglomeration pattern. (2) From the difference degrees of spatial internal gap, the degree is relatively not large and the areas showed a differentiated development trends with high-quality growth in East China, the degree is small and the areas showed a high-quality and balanced trend in North China and Northeast China, the degree is not small and the areas are in a steady catch -up stage, the degree is relatively not large but the areas are in a low-quality growth trend. (3)From the spatial autocorrelation pattern, the phenomenon of spatial agglomeration of similar regions exists and is obvious in local areas. Specifically, the counties with high-level output in hot spots regions are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta Region, Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, while cold spots regions are mainly distributed in Southwest China and North China.(4) From the perspective of influencing factors, the strength of each factor is different and shows obvious spatial heterogeneity, but the spatial pattern shows a good trend with the driving force of economic strength and high-level industrialization in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on urban innovation network based on unicorn entrepreneur growth path Fengjiao ZHANG, Jun LI, Zhongli LIU 2023, 32(8): 103-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021230 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1090KB) ( )   Constructing and analyzing the urban innovation network from the perspective of the growth path of unicorn entrepreneurs has enlightenmented the construction of innovative cities. This article uses the migration trajectory of unicorn entrepreneurs' birthplace, study place, first work place and first entrepreneurial place to construct an urban network, uses social network analysis to explore the structural characteristics of the urban network, and classifies connection patterns of unicorn entrepreneurs flowing cities. Research shows: ① The birthplaces of unicorn entrepreneurs are relatively scattered, but the distribution in the places where they go to school, work for the first time and start a business is generally in a multi-polar pattern, with the highest concentration of entrepreneurial cities. ②Three cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou have high power and prestige in the city network, and they play a very important role as a bridge. ③ Entrepreneurs who study, work, and start a business in the same city are most common. ④ Beijing and Shanghai are the closest between the two cities, and there is no obvious connection between the three cities and the four cities. This article explores the urban innovation network from a new perspective of the growth path of unicorn entrepreneurs and inspires for innovative cities to cultivate and attract entrepreneurs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual analysis and driving forces of cultivated land change in China under the "Dual Security" vision Jialin YU, Yingen HU, Xiang LI, Hao ZHANG 2023, 32(8): 112-125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021635 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1946KB) ( )   The target area was "drivers of arable land change", and 585 and 296 papers were conditionally selected from the China Knowledge Network database and the Web of Science database, respectively. We used the literature induction method and CiteSpace tool to compare and analyze the Chinese and foreign literature in the target area. The results show that : (1) the temporal distribution of Chinese and foreign literature can be roughly divided into two stages: from 1999 to 2010, the number of Chinese and foreign literature showed rapid growth and slow growth respectively; from 2010 to 2020, the number of Chinese and foreign literature showed fluctuating growth and steady growth respectively. (2) The authors of Chinese and foreign literature are mostly associated with institutional cooperation within academic institutions, but less with other institutions; the hot research areas can be roughly divided into rapidly urbanizing areas, main grain-producing areas and ecologically fragile areas; socio-economic factors are the main drivers of arable land change, while the influence of policy factors and natural factors are more common in main grain-producing areas and ecologically fragile areas, respectively; the scale of foreign literature is more balanced, while the scale of Chinese literature is more balanced. The scale of research in foreign literature is more balanced, while the city and county scale research dominates in Chinese literature. (3) The hot topics in Chinese and foreign literature are more or less the same, and foreign literature has richer research perspectives on arable land quality and ecological changes. Finally, this paper puts forward the research outlook of strengthening institutional cooperation, enriching the connotation and objects of research on the drivers of farmland change, broadening the objectives of farmland governance, and fully considering the matching of thesis topics and research scales. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of geographical location on the corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from A-share listed companies Qi YAN, Ziqiang ZHAO 2023, 32(8): 126-138.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021202 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (674KB) ( )   When companies perform social responsibility disclosures, they may be subject to pressure from all stakeholders. The geographic location of an enterprise reflects the socio-political and economic condition of the area where the enterprise is located, which affects the composition and scale of local stakeholders to a certain extent. Companies geographically close to the financial center have a unique institutional environment, which has multiple impacts on corporate social responsibility-related activities. Based on the data of China's Shanghai and Shenzhen listed companies from 2013 to 2018, using ArcGIS software and panel data models, this paper analyzes the pressure that regionality may bring to companies, and explores the impact of companies' disclosure of social responsibility. The results show that: (1) The proximity of the company to the three financial centers of Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen has a positive impact on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. The spillover effect of the financial center creates pressure on corporate social responsibility activities and disclosures, and further influences the company's policy behavior; (2) Compared with non-state-owned enterprises and non-cross-listed companies, state-owned or cross-listed companies have a stronger preference for geographical proximity in the disclosure of social responsibility activities; (3) The market competition type also affects the behavior of social responsibility disclosure, that is, the degree of competition in the industry plays an intensifying role rather than a substitute for the impact of geographic location on corporate social responsibility disclosure. The more intense the industry competition in which a company is located, the greater the pressure on social responsibility disclosure caused by geographic location. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors on public environmental awareness in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration Jing CHEN, Li HUANG 2023, 32(8): 139-151.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2020856 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2104KB) ( )   The level of public environmental awareness directly affects regional environmental conditions and green sustainable development. The development of big data provides another perspective for the measurement of environmental awareness. The study selected the annual Baidu Search Index and 2018 socio-economic-environmental statistics of 27 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations from 2012 to 2018, and analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of the influence of socio-economic-environmental factors on the public environmental awareness index based on GWR model. The results show: (1) the public environmental awareness index of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows an "M"-shaped trend from 2012 to 2018; (2) the level of public environmental awareness index of key cities is significantly higher than that of other cities, and there are obvious spatial differences; (3) most of the influencing factors show either positive or negative effects on the public environmental awareness index. For example, the amount of foreign direct investment and the gender ratio of the resident population has a positive effect, while population density has a negative effect on public environmental awareness. Based on the above analysis, we put forward some policy suggestions, for example, city governments should pay as much as possible attention on environmental issues in their economic development, and so on. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impacts of landscape pattern on ecosystem services: A case study of the Hanjiang Eco-Economic Belt Ting ZHOU, Qiang WANG, Jiale LIANG, Jingwen ZHANG, Chenjia WANG, Zibao ZHANG 2023, 32(8): 152-165.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021674 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1706KB) ( )   Based on the data of land use and land cover change in 2000, 2010 and 2018, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern and ecosystem services in the Hanjiang Eco-Economic Belt were measured, and the impact of the landscape pattern index on ecosystem services was explored by using a geographically weighted regression model. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the landscape pattern of the Hanjiang Eco-Economic Belt changed significantly, the degree of fragmentation and decentralization of each landscape type deepened, and the shape became more complex. (2) The ecosystem service value of the Hanjiang Eco-Economic Belt showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with the overall characteristics of being high in the central and western regions and low in the eastern regions. (3) From 2000 to 2018, the landscape pattern index of the Hanjiang Eco-Economic Belt had a significant impact on ecosystem services, but the impact on different regions was quite different. On the whole, PD, ENN_MN, SPLIT, and SHDI had negative effects on ecosystem service value, while IJI had positive effects on ecosystem service value. The study is helpful to enhance the scientific understanding of the relationship between the landscape pattern and ecosystem services on a county scale and provides a scientific basis for exploring the influencing factors of regional landscape ecological security and implementing ecological protection policies. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the construction of heritage identity in the study trip of heritage sites from the embodied perspective Yinchun HE, Guo CHEN 2023, 32(8): 166-178.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021870 Abstract ( )   PDF (814KB) ( )   Ethnic cultural heritage is an important medium for deepening group cultural cognition, generating emotional resonance and cohesion of identity. How primary and secondary school students can gain travel experience, construct social body, and form identity through the physical and physical practice of study trips in heritage sites are important for digging deeply into the value of ethnic cultural heritage. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 elementary and middle school students who had traveled to the Old Sicheng Heritage Site of Yongshun to conduct research trips. The grounded theory was used for data processing, and based on the research perspective of the intersection of physical body and social body, the embodied experience of the research trip to the heritage site was constructed the theoretical model. The research finds that: (1) Physiological and physical practice, study trip situation, sensory perception experience are important factors that affect the formation of the social body. (2) The essence of cultural heritage study trip experience is the process by which elementary and middle school students' embodied physical bodies and social bodies are unified, and it is a combination of representation and non-representation of embodied travel experience. (3) Primary and secondary school students have formed a unique cognition and deep emotion of cultural heritage through study trips, which is the result of the construction of heritage identity. (4) The strength of heritage identity is affected by the embodied experience; The whole process of tourism embodied experience includes not only the entry from the physical body to the sensory perception experience, but also the formation of the social body so that the meaning of self-existence can be reflected. References | Related Articles | Metrics