郑州市快递自提点空间分异及空间匹配度评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.01.20240258

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

快递自提点作为解决物流末端配送“最后一公里”的重要节点，其空间分布特征与空间匹配度在很大程度上反映了整个城市的物流配送效率与服务均等化水平。以郑州市主城区菜鸟驿站POI数据为基础，运用多种空间分析方法，研究郑州市主城区菜鸟驿站空间分异特征，并分析菜鸟驿站与人口的空间匹配度。结果发现：①郑州市主城区菜鸟驿站分布总体呈现出“圈层分布、内密外疏”的空间格局，其空间分布情况与住宅点分布具有较强的耦合性；②菜鸟驿站分布大致呈现出沿“东南-西北”方向延伸的趋势，与郑州市城市发展的主导方向基本一致；③菜鸟驿站与居住小区的空间匹配情况较好，1 000m服务半径下对居住小区的覆盖率高达99.4%，可以满足末端物流“最后一公里”需求；④街道尺度上菜鸟驿站与人口的匹配关系具有较明显的空间差异，从东向西呈现出超前、协调、滞后的特征，揭示出供需匹配不均衡现象。

关键词: 菜鸟驿站, 空间分异, 覆盖率, 匹配度, POI数据

Abstract:

As a solution for the"last kilometer" of logistics end distribution, the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial matching degree of express pick-up points greatly reflect the logistics distribution efficiency and service equalization level of the whole city. Based on the POI data of Cainiao station in the main urban area of Zhengzhou City, a variety of spatial analysis methods are used to study the spatial differentiation characteristics of Cainiao station in the main urban area of Zhengzhou City and analyze the spatial matching degree of the Cainiao station and the workforce population. The results found that: ① The distribution of Cainiao stations in the main urban area of Zhengzhou City generally shows a spatial pattern of "circle distribution, dense inside and sparse outside", and its spatial distribution has a strong coupling with the distribution of residential sites;② The distribution of Cainiao stations shows a trend of extending in the direction of "Southeast-Northwest", which is basically consistent with the dominant direction of urban development in Zhengzhou City;③ The spatial match between Cainiao stations and residential neighborhoods is relatively good, and the coverage rate of residential neighborhoods under the service radius of 1,000m is as high as 99.4%, which can satisfy the demand for the "last kilometer" of end-to-end logistics; ④ On the street scale, there are obvious spatial differences in the matching relationship between Cainiao stations and the population, with the characteristic of ahead, coordination, lag behind from east to west, and there is the phenomenon of imbalance in the matching of supply and demand.

Key words: Cainiao station, spatial differentiation, coverage rate, matching degree, POI data

刘梦颖, 张瑞, 潘少奇, 李亚婷. 郑州市快递自提点空间分异及空间匹配度评价[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(1): 127-139.

Mengying LIU, Rui ZHANG, Shaoqi PAN, Yating LI. Evaluation of spatial differentiation and spatial matching of express pickup points in Zhengzhou City[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(1): 127-139.

图/表 11

图1 郑州市主城区示意图

Fig.1 Schematic map of Zhengzhou main urban area

图2 郑州市菜鸟驿站空间分布图

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of Cainiao stations in Zhengzhou main urban area

表1 郑州市主城区各区域菜鸟驿站数量

Tab.1 The number of rookie stations in each area of the main urban area of Zhengzhou

区域	惠济区	金水区	管城回族区	二七区	中原区
菜鸟驿站数量/个	162	558	289	239	330
占比	10.3%	35.4%	18.3%	15.1%	20.9%

图3 郑州市主城区菜鸟驿站核密度分析图

Fig.3 Kernel density analysis of Cainiao stations in Zhengzhou main urban area

图4 郑州市主城区住宅点核密度分析图

Fig.4 Kernel density analysis of housing site in Zhengzhou main urban area

图5 郑州市主城区菜鸟驿站标准差椭圆分布图

Fig.5 Distribution of standard deviation ellipse of Cainiao stations in Zhengzhou main urban area

图6 郑州市主城区不同服务半径下菜鸟驿站的覆盖范围

Fig.6 Coverage of Cainiao stations under different service radii in Zhengzhou main urban area

表2 郑州市主城区菜鸟驿站不同服务半径覆盖率

Tab.2 Coverage rate of different service radii of Cainiao stations in Zhengzhou main urban area

服务半径	300 m	500 m	1 000 m
覆盖率	86.6%	95.4%	99.4%

表3 菜鸟驿站与人口空间匹配关系类型

Tab.3 Types of spatial matching relationships between Cainiao stations and population

匹配度值范围	类别	类型
0.21< $C i$ <0.82	菜鸟驿站集聚低于人口集聚	资源滞后型
0.82< $C i$ <1.84	菜鸟驿站集聚与人口集聚相协调	资源协调型
1.84< $C i$ <2.31	菜鸟驿站集聚高于人口集聚	资源超前型

表3 菜鸟驿站与人口空间匹配关系类型

Tab.3 Types of spatial matching relationships between Cainiao stations and population

匹配度值范围	类别	类型
0.21< $C i$ <0.82	菜鸟驿站集聚低于人口集聚	资源滞后型
0.82< $C i$ <1.84	菜鸟驿站集聚与人口集聚相协调	资源协调型
1.84< $C i$ <2.31	菜鸟驿站集聚高于人口集聚	资源超前型

表4 菜鸟驿站与人口空间匹配关系评价

Tab.4 Evaluation of spatial matching relationship between Cainiao stations and population

类型	菜鸟驿站数量		人口		分街道单元
类型	个数/个	比例/%	数量/万人	比例/%	数量/个	比例/%
资源滞后型	359	22.79	164.87	38.31	28	35.90
资源协调型	970	61.59	238.89	55.52	39	50.00
资源超前型	246	15.62	26.56	6.17	11	14.10

图7 街道尺度下菜鸟驿站与人口的空间匹配程度

Fig.7 The degree of spatial matching between Cainiao stations and population at street scale

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