中国居民休闲参与测度及其制约因素探究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.10.2021805

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于中国综合社会调查数据，利用模糊综合评价法对中国居民休闲参与进行测度，并运用地理探测器对其空间分异的制约因素进行研究。结果表明：①2010—2017年中国居民休闲参与指数不断提高。从休闲类型看，除媒体消遣休闲参与略有下降外，其他维度休闲参与均有所改善。②2010—2017年中国居民休闲参与呈现“东部领先、中部一般、西南洼地、西北加速”的发展态势，其中京、津、沪、粤居民休闲参与水平较高，贵、蒙、皖则始终较低。③家庭经济条件、宏观休闲环境是居民休闲参与空间分异的主导制约因素，但制约作用逐渐减弱；休闲设施的制约作用不断强化，成为又一主导制约因素；休闲时间、休闲出行始终是次要制约因素。整体来看，各制约因素存在交互强化作用，说明居民休闲受到经济、社会、环境等多种要素的综合制约。

关键词: 休闲参与, 时空变化, 制约因素, 地理探测器

Abstract:

Taking 28 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China as an example, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the geodetector were conducted to measure residents' leisure participation and explore the constraints of spatial differentiation. The results show: (1) During 2010-2017, residents' leisure participation index in the east, middle and west of China has risen, and all dimensions of leisure participation have improved except for media-use leisure participation. (2) The spatial of residents' leisure participation presents a "east, middle, southwest, northwest; leading, average, depressed, accelerating" pattern. (3) Household economic conditions and social leisure environment are the dominant constraints affecting residents' leisure participation, although they are gradually weakening. The constraints on leisure facilities are strengthening and becoming another main constraint, leisure time and leisure transportation are secondary constraints. The interaction among the constraints is stronger than the effect of single constraints. Household economic conditions, social leisure environment, and leisure facilities are dominant interactive factors affecting residents' leisure participation.

Key words: leisure participation, temporal-spatial variation, leisure constraints, geodetector

闫艺涵, 汪侠, 张颖, 沈丽珍. 中国居民休闲参与测度及其制约因素探究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(10): 161-172.

Yihan YAN, Xia WANG, Ying ZHANG, Lizhen SHEN. Study on measurement and constraint factors of residents' leisure participation in China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(10): 161-172.

图/表 6

图1 2010—2017年中国东中西部居民休闲参与指数、变异系数及各维度休闲参与指数

Fig.1 Measurement， coefficient of variation and multidimensional leisure participation index in Eastern， Central and Western China during 2010-2017

图2 2010—2017年居民休闲参与指数空间分布注：该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图（审图号为GS（2019）1825号）绘制，底图无修改

Fig.2 Spatial distribution of residents’ leisure participation index in China during 2010-2017

表1 休闲制约因素选取

Tab.1 Factors system for leisure constraints in China

一级指标	二级指标	文献来源
家庭经济条件制约	人均可支配收入 $x 1$	[27]、[31]、[33]
家庭经济条件制约	人均教育/文化/娱乐支出 $x 2$	[27]
休闲时间制约	社会抚养比 $x 3$	[29]、[34]
宏观休闲环境制约	地区生产总值 $x 4$	[27]、[31]
	第三产业占GDP比重 $x 5$	[27]、[31]、[33]
	城镇化率 $x 6$	[31]
休闲设施制约	人均公园绿地面积 $x 7$	[31]、[33]
	每百万人艺术表演场馆数 $x 8$	[28]
	人均体育场地面积 $x 9$	[28]
	人均公共图书馆藏量 $x 10$	[28]
	居民每百户计算机拥有量 $x 11$	[27]、[31]
休闲出行制约	居民每百户家用汽车拥有量 $x 12$	[33]
休闲出行制约	建成区公共交通路网密度 $x 13$	[33]

表1 休闲制约因素选取

Tab.1 Factors system for leisure constraints in China

一级指标	二级指标	文献来源
家庭经济条件制约	人均可支配收入 $x 1$	[27]、[31]、[33]
家庭经济条件制约	人均教育/文化/娱乐支出 $x 2$	[27]
休闲时间制约	社会抚养比 $x 3$	[29]、[34]
宏观休闲环境制约	地区生产总值 $x 4$	[27]、[31]
	第三产业占GDP比重 $x 5$	[27]、[31]、[33]
	城镇化率 $x 6$	[31]
休闲设施制约	人均公园绿地面积 $x 7$	[31]、[33]
	每百万人艺术表演场馆数 $x 8$	[28]
	人均体育场地面积 $x 9$	[28]
	人均公共图书馆藏量 $x 10$	[28]
	居民每百户计算机拥有量 $x 11$	[27]、[31]
休闲出行制约	居民每百户家用汽车拥有量 $x 12$	[33]
休闲出行制约	建成区公共交通路网密度 $x 13$	[33]

图3 2010—2017年休闲制约因素因子探测结果

Fig.3 Results of geodetector of leisure constraints during 2010-2017

表2 2017年地理探测器交互探测结果

Tab.2 Interaction detector of the geo-detector in 2017

变量	$x 1$	$x 2$	$x 3$	$x 4$	$x 5$	$x 6$	$x 7$	$x 8$	$x 9$	$x 10$	$x 11$	$x 12$
$x 2$	0.818
$x 3$	0.697	0.768
$x 4$	0.722	0.895	0.600
$x 5$	0.747	0.956	0.582	0.637
$x 6$	0.687	0.851	0.728	0.760	0.887
$x 7$	0.741	0.860	0.380	0.641	0.790	0.894
$x 8$	0.862	0.918	0.507	0.713	0.840	0.911	0.580
$x 9$	0.685	0.839	0.691	0.595	0.902	0.774	0.760	0.806
$x 10$	0.827	0.948	0.728	0.895	0.950	0.864	0.878	0.945	0.901
$x 11$	0.775	0.956	0.901	0.803	0.873	0.832	0.853	0.935	0.871	0.941
$x 12$	0.703	0.871	0.352	0.589	0.751	0.842	0.577	0.859	0.650	0.937	0.824
$x 13$	0.719	0.906	0.561	0.575	0.812	0.847	0.731	0.914	0.793	0.948	0.864	0.549

表2 2017年地理探测器交互探测结果

Tab.2 Interaction detector of the geo-detector in 2017

变量	$x 1$	$x 2$	$x 3$	$x 4$	$x 5$	$x 6$	$x 7$	$x 8$	$x 9$	$x 10$	$x 11$	$x 12$
$x 2$	0.818
$x 3$	0.697	0.768
$x 4$	0.722	0.895	0.600
$x 5$	0.747	0.956	0.582	0.637
$x 6$	0.687	0.851	0.728	0.760	0.887
$x 7$	0.741	0.860	0.380	0.641	0.790	0.894
$x 8$	0.862	0.918	0.507	0.713	0.840	0.911	0.580
$x 9$	0.685	0.839	0.691	0.595	0.902	0.774	0.760	0.806
$x 10$	0.827	0.948	0.728	0.895	0.950	0.864	0.878	0.945	0.901
$x 11$	0.775	0.956	0.901	0.803	0.873	0.832	0.853	0.935	0.871	0.941
$x 12$	0.703	0.871	0.352	0.589	0.751	0.842	0.577	0.859	0.650	0.937	0.824
$x 13$	0.719	0.906	0.561	0.575	0.812	0.847	0.731	0.914	0.793	0.948	0.864	0.549

图4 居民休闲参与空间分异机制

Fig.4 Mechanisms of spatial differentiation in leisure participation of residents

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