中朝边境地名空间分布及区域特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021367

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨长白山地区中朝两国各类地名分布特征及规律，以历史时期的中国延边与朝鲜咸境北道地名为研究对象。首先，将两个区域地名进行分类与用字特征分析，得出二者在类型分布与用字特征上具有规律相似性与分异性。进一步采用核密度估计、方向分布、高程分布与空间自相关分析，得出两个区域地名在空间分布上呈现不均衡性，具有多个密集区，地名向咸境北道东部沿海以及中朝边境两侧区域聚集；两个区域地名点均较多集聚在丘陵、台地等地形之上，与海拔高度呈空间正相关性；延边和咸境北道地名分别呈现沿西北-东南与东北-西南方向扩散的格局。延边比咸境北道地名离散程度大，咸境北道地名与海拔高度的相关性比延边高。延边地名点呈现高值聚集，咸境北道地名点呈现低值聚集。上述发现揭示了地名分布特征内隐或外显了中朝边境不同地区的自然环境，以及长白山地区中朝边境的融合性、历史性和民族性的独特地名文化。

关键词: 延边, 咸境北道, 长白山, 地名, 分布特征

Abstract:

This paper is based on the place names of Yanbian in China and Hamgyǒngbuk-do in North Korea which both in the Changbai Mountain area. Firstly, the classification and character analysis of the place names in the two regions is carried out, and the results show that the place names in Yanbian and Hamgyǒngbuk-do have regular similarity and differentiation in the type distribution and character characteristics. Based on spatial visualization, the kernel density estimation, direction distribution, elevation distribution, and spatial autocorrelation of place names in the two regions are analyzed. The results show that the place names of the two regions are not evenly distributed in space, and there are many dense areas. The place names are clustered in the eastern coastal areas of Hamgyǒngbuk-do and the areas on both sides of the China-North Korea border. The place names in the two regions are mostly concentrated on hills, terraces, and other topography. The place names of Yanbian and Hamgyǒngbuk-do spread along the direction of northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest, respectively, which are positively correlated with the altitude. The place names of Yanbian are more discrete than those of Hamgyǒngbuk-do, and the correlation between place names of Hamgyǒngbuk-do and altitude is greater than those of Yanbian. Yanbian presents high-value aggregation while Hamgyǒngbuk-do presents low-value aggregation. It reveals that the place-name distribution characteristics objectively implicitly or explicitly reflect the natural environment in different areas of the border between China and North Korea, and the unique place-name culture in the Changbai Mountain area is historical and national.

Key words: Yanbian, Hamgyǒngbuk-do, Changbai Mountain, place name, distribution characteristics

夏志, 金石柱, 刘云刚. 中朝边境地名空间分布及区域特征分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(4): 50-62.

Zhi XIA, Shizhu JIN, Yungang LIU. Analysis on spatial distribution and regional characteristics of place names in the China-North Korea border:[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(4): 50-62.

图/表 11

图1 研究区示意图注：该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS（2016）1665号的标准地图制作，底图无修改，以下地图同。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the study area

表1 研究区地名类型分布

Tab.1 Distribution of types of place names in the study area

类型		延边		咸镜北道		类型		延边		咸镜北道
类型		数量 /个	比重 /%	数量 /个	比重 /%	类型		数量 /个	比重 /%	数量 /个	比重 /%
自然地名	山系地名	204	11.8	473	18.7	人文地名	历史文化地名	100	5.8	120	4.7
	水系地名	187	10.8	251	9.9		经济产业地名	40	2.3	171	6.7
	方位地名	315	18.2	551	21.8		社会地名	69	4.0	154	6.0
	数字地名	108	6.2	114	4.5		姓氏地名	198	11.4	69	2.7
	动植物地名	276	15.9	318	12.5		意愿地名	221	12.8	209	8.2
	地表结构物、矿物地名	61	3.5	71	2.8		迁移地名	54	3.1	0	0
	海岸地名	0	0	26	1.0
合计		1051	60.6	1804	71.4	合计		682	39.4	723	28.6

表2 延边地名高频用字统计

Tab.2 Statistics of high frequency words in Yanbian place names

名称	屯	村	洞	沟	家	龙	南	东	新	坪	子	兴	地	西	城	下	山
频率/%	8.33	4.86	3.55	2.75	2.38	2.17	2.12	2.03	2.03	1.91	1.86	1.80	1.73	1.69	1.68	1.67	1.64

表3 咸境北道地名高频用字统计

Tab.3 Statistics of high frequency words in Hamgyǒngbuk-do place names

名称	洞	村	德	坪	浦	谷	上	水	下	南
频率/%	17.10	3.35	2.80	2.36	2.29	2.13	1.86	1.73	1.58	1.55
名称	山	龙	岩	大	里	小	松	新	内	田
频率/%	1.36	1.33	1.21	1.20	0.96	0.96	0.84	0.83	0.77	0.76

图2 研究区地名核密度分布

Fig.2 Distribution of geographical names nuclear density in the study area

图3 研究区自然地名、人文地名核密度分布

Fig.3 Distribution of Kernel density of natural names and human names in the study area

表4 研究区地名方向分布统计

Tab.4 Distribution of place names in the study area

地区

短半轴

/km

长半轴

/km

面积

/km²

图4 研究区地名方向分布

Fig.4 Distribution of place names in study area

图5 研究区地名点高程分布

Fig.5 Elevation distribution of place names in the study area

表5 研究区地名全局自相关指数统计

Tab.5 Statistical table of global autocorrelation index of place names in the study area

地区	Moran’s I	E（I）	Z	P	标准化统计阈值（α=0.05）
延边	0.540	－0.0005	130.38	0	1.96
咸境北道	0.709	－0.0004	175.70	0	1.96

表6 研究区地名不同集聚类型占比

Tab.6 Shares of place name aggregation types in the study area

地区	集聚类型
地区	低值聚集	低值分散	不显著	高值分散	高值聚集
延边	4.3%	23.4%	19.5%	28.3%	24.5%
咸境北道	32.1%	34.7%	15.9%	11.9%	5.3%

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