世界半导体产业集群的研究进展与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.07.20230901

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于Web of Science中1994—2024年经济地理学领域半导体产业集群研究文献数据，采用Citespace V软件文献计量分析法对相关文献资料进行回顾，梳理和评述了世界典型国家/地区的半导体集群的区位分布、组织结构、企业形态、影响机制及集群网络，厘清了美国、日本、韩国、中国台湾、新加坡的半导体产业集群发展路径。研究发现：①加州学派更关注硅谷中小初创企业的地理集聚和高度本地化网络，新产业集群研究更加强调美日大型垂直集成半导体厂商的层级组织，形成了纯集聚型、产业综合体型和社会网络型集群三种集群模式。②中国台湾半导体产业以大量小规模、专业化的公司为主导，且严重依赖政府公共部门、GRI、科技园区的力量；日韩更注重私营部门，由少数大型多元化和生产高度垄断的财团/财阀主导，大型家族集团企业所塑造的系统厂商与IDM企业占核心，而中小规模企业相对不发达；新加坡通过跨国公司的技术杠杆作用建立了外向型半导体集群。最后，本文从半导体价值链细分环节集群、全球价值链中集群间联系以及地缘政治危机下的半导体集群重组视角，提出未来研究展望。

关键词: 半导体产业, 产业集群, 组织模式, 国家, 影响机制

Abstract:

This study utilized Bibliometric analysis method and conducts co-word analysis and keyword cluster analysis via Citespace V, by collecting literature data of semiconductor clusters from Web of Science database between 1994 to 2024. Though the review of extensive and relevant literature, this paper comprehensively revisited and commented on the location distribution, organizational structure, enterprise pattern, influencing mechanism and cluster network of semiconductor clusters in typical countries / regions worldwide. Of particular concern was the semiconductor cluster pathways of U.S., Japan, South Korea, China's Taiwan and Singapore. The paper concludes that: ① California School focuses more on the geographic agglomeration and highly localized network of small and medium-sized startups and spin-offs in Silicon Valley, comparatively, New industry cluster School puts more emphasis on the hierarchical organization of large vertically integrated semiconductor manufacturers in the U.S. and Japan, where it forms three cluster types: pure agglomeration, industrial complex and social network. ② As for divergent pathways, plenty of small-sized and specialized local companies reach ascendancy in China's Taiwan semiconductor, supporting power of government role, i.e., public sector, government research institution and science-base industrial park. Whereas semiconductor of Japan and South Korea pay more attention to the private sector, led by a few large diversified and dramatically monopolistic Zaibatsu / Chaebol. House System and Integrated Devices manufacturing dominate the semiconductor market while small medium-sized enterprises are relatively under-developed. Singapore establishes export-oriented semiconductor clusters through the technological leverage as the influx of multinationals locally. Moreover, the paper critically suggests big picture and the long arc of the future in China's semiconductor cluster, with a turning focus on semiconductors clusters in different value production segments, inter-cluster linkages from global value chain perspective, as well as the reconfiguration of semiconductor clusters in the context of latest geopolitical challenges and U.S.-China rivalry.

Key words: semiconductor industry, industrial clusters, organizational pattern, state, influencing mechanism

刘清, 薛德升, 高权. 世界半导体产业集群的研究进展与展望[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(7): 69-82.

Qing LIU, Desheng XUE, Quan GAO. The progress and prospect of world semiconductor cluster research:[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(7): 69-82.

图/表 5

图1 半导体产业集群文献研究知识图谱

Fig. 1 Citespace of literature research on semiconductors clusters

图2 硅谷的半导体产业集群的企业形态资料来源：根据参考文献[17] 绘制。

Fig. 2 Firm patterns in semiconductor industry cluster of Silicon Valley

图3 美日大型垂直集成半导体厂商的层级组织资料来源：根据参考文献[24~26] 绘制。

Fig. 3 Hierarchy structure in the large-scale integrated semiconductor manufacturers of U.S. and Japan

图4 台湾当局对半导体集群的扶持机制资料来源：根据参考文献[29、31] 绘制。

Fig. 4 The supporting mechanism of Taiwan authorities and other related public sectors on TSI

图5 基于大型私有部门的韩国与日本半导体发展路径资料来源：根据参考文献[28、35] 绘制。

Fig.5 The pathways of Japanese and South Korean semiconductor depended on large-scale private sectors

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