Abstract:

Following the multifunctional transition in the process of rural development, rural entrepreneurship has become a significant engine for rural revitalization. The potential that rural areas offer for entrepreneurship has been largely underestimated. This paper reviews the overseas research on rural entrepreneurship. The main findings are as follows. First, key factors influencing rural entrepreneurship include the material spatial characteristics and resource endowments of specific rural localities, local social features and entrepreneurial cultural atmosphere, as well as rural remoteness and accessibility. Second, the interaction mechanisms between entrepreneurial activities and the social, institutional, and spatial contexts of rural areas determine the development trajectory of rural entrepreneurship. Third, rural entrepreneurship not only creates economic value but also holds equally significant social value. Finally, based on both the theoretical advancements and limitations in international rural entrepreneurship research and the developmental needs of China's rural entrepreneurship, this study proposes implications for Chinese rural entrepreneurship research from three perspectives: ① It suggests that future research on rural entrepreneurship should construct a multi-scale research framework suitable for China's rural context, considering the significant disparities that exist in entrepreneurial ecosystems due to regional heterogeneity. ② Future research should explore the interactive mechanisms between entrepreneurial activities and rural localities from a multidimensional dynamic perspective, with particular attention to the dynamic evolution of entrepreneurial embeddedness throughout the venture lifecycle. ③ A comprehensive socioeconomic effect analysis of rural entrepreneurship is needed, which assesses the socioeconomic value of rural entrepreneurship across micro-level rural actors, meso-level rural communities, and macro-level rural revitalization. Through drawing upon western conceptual frameworks, theoretical systems, and research advancements in rural entrepreneurship while grounding our work in China's institutional contexts such as urban-rural duality and rural revitalization, this paper aims to promote the localized innovation of rural entrepreneurship theories. Moreover, through constructing culturally sensitive analytical frameworks, we not only enhance the explanatory power for domestic issues but also contribute Chinese perspectives to global rural entrepreneurship research.

Key words: rural entrepreneurship, rurality, place embeddedness, entrepreneur, socio-economic effects

摘要：

伴随乡村多功能转型，乡村创业已成为乡村振兴的重要动力，并引起了学术界的广泛关注。既有创业研究强调要素集聚的城市对创业活动的重要性，而显著低估了乡村为创业活动提供的现实可能性。本文梳理了地理学视角下国外乡村创业研究的理论与实证进展，研究发现：首先，特定乡村地方的物质空间特色与资源条件、地方社会特征与创业文化氛围，以及乡村的偏远性与可达性等条件，是影响乡村创业的关键因素；其次，创业活动与乡村的社会、制度及空间背景之间的相互作用机制，决定了乡村创业的发展方向；第三，乡村创业不仅创造经济价值，对社会价值的创造也具有同样重要的意义。最后，本文基于国外乡村创业研究的理论进展、不足以及我国乡村创业发展的需求，从注重本土化的乡村创业理论创新、构建适合中国乡村语境的多尺度乡村创业研究框架、以多维动态视角探究企业家创业活动与乡村地方的互动机制及加强乡村创业经济社会综合效应分析4个方面提出对我国乡村创业研究的启示。

关键词: 乡村创业, 乡村性, 地方嵌入, 企业家, 经济社会效应