Spatio-temporal characteristics analysis of artificial surface evolution in South Asia based on GlobeLand 30

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021175

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the GlobeLand30 data in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the artificial surface expansion of South Asian countries during 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 was analyzed by using the spatial scanning statistics, landscape expansion index as well as Lorenz curve. By combining the spatial distribution pattern of the artificial surface with evolution process, we investigated the spatio-temporal variation and spatial structure of artificial surface in South Asia. Results showed that: 1) The overall artificial surface area of South Asia continues to expand, with the expansion rate increasing from 0.42% in 2000-2010 to 2.59% in 2010-2020. 2) India has seen the largest increase in artificial surface area over the past 20 years, with Bhutan expanding at the fastest rate. In the process of artificial surface expansion in South Asia, there are significant spatial hot spots, and the spatial hot spots migrate at different time periods. 3) In western Pakistan, central Sri Lanka, northwestern Bangladesh, and eastern and southern India, enclave type patches have increased, and the artificial surface shows the characteristics of scattered and disordered diffusion expansion. The new patch types in northern India, eastern Sri Lanka and southeastern Bangladesh shift from enclave type to infilling and edge-expansion type, showing a pattern of change from diffusion to dense aggregation type. 4) The expansion of artificial surface in South Asian countries differs greatly on the scales of cities, which leads to obvious imbalances in the expansion of artificial surface.

Key words: artificial surface, landscape expansion index, spatio-temporal characteristics, GlobeLand 30, South Asia

摘要：

以南亚各国为例，基于2000、2010和2020年三期GlobeLand30数据，通过空间扫描统计法、景观扩张指数和洛伦兹曲线对2000—2010年和2010—2020年两个时段南亚各国的人造地表扩张情况进行统计分析，研究南亚各国人造地表的时空变化和空间结构的发展特征。结果表明：（1）南亚人造地表面积持续扩张，扩张率由2000—2010年的0.42%增长到2010—2020年的2.59%。（2）近20年来，印度人造地表面积扩张量最大，不丹的扩张率最快，南亚在人造地表扩张的过程中出现了显著的空间热点区域，并且在不同时段表现出空间热点的迁移现象。（3）巴基斯坦西部、斯里兰卡中部、孟加拉国西北部以及印度东部和南部飞地式斑块增加，人造地表呈现出分散凌乱的扩散特点；印度北部、斯里兰卡东部和孟加拉国东南部的新增斑块类型由飞地式转化为填充式和边缘式，表现出从扩散式阶段发展到趋于紧凑的聚合式阶段的变化趋势。（4）南亚各国人造地表的扩张在不同规模的城市尺度上存在很大差异，导致人造地表扩张过程表现出明显的不均衡性。

关键词: 人造地表, 景观扩张指数, 时空特征, GlobeLand30, 南亚

Anqi LI, Xin CAO, Xihong CUI, Hanwei LIANG, Qiang LI, Zhenxian QUAN, Zheng ZHANG. Spatio-temporal characteristics analysis of artificial surface evolution in South Asia based on GlobeLand 30[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(2): 23-35.

李安琪, 曹鑫, 崔喜红, 梁涵玮, 李强, 全振先, 张政. 基于GlobeLand 30的南亚各国人造地表变化时空特征分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(2): 23-35.

Figures/Tables 11

Tab.1 Overview of South Asian countries

项目	印度	斯里兰卡	巴基斯坦	尼泊尔	不丹	马尔代夫	孟加拉国
面积/km²	2 980 000	65 610	796 095	147 181	38 394	90 000	147 570
人口/百万人	1 324	21.44	208	28.94	0.75	0.44	164
人口密度/（人/km²)	450	338	255	202	21	1 392	1 265

Tab.2 Classification basis of spatial pattern evolution of artificial surface based on urban expansion phases theory

类型	取值范围
高度扩散	$F i, 2 - F i, 1 > 30 %$
中度扩散	$10 % < F i, 2 - F i, 1 ≤ 30 %$
低度扩散	$0 < F i, 2 - F i, 1 ≤ 10 %$
无扩张地区	$F i, 2 - F i, 1 = 0$
低度聚合	$- 10 % ≤ F i, 2 - F i, 1 < 0$
中度聚合	$- 30 % ≤ F i, 2 - F i, 1 < - 10 %$
高度聚合	$F i, 2 - F i, 1 < - 30 %$

Tab.2 Classification basis of spatial pattern evolution of artificial surface based on urban expansion phases theory

类型	取值范围
高度扩散	$F i, 2 - F i, 1 > 30 %$
中度扩散	$10 % < F i, 2 - F i, 1 ≤ 30 %$
低度扩散	$0 < F i, 2 - F i, 1 ≤ 10 %$
无扩张地区	$F i, 2 - F i, 1 = 0$
低度聚合	$- 10 % ≤ F i, 2 - F i, 1 < 0$
中度聚合	$- 30 % ≤ F i, 2 - F i, 1 < - 10 %$
高度聚合	$F i, 2 - F i, 1 < - 30 %$

Fig.1 Total artificial surface area and expansion rate in South Asia from 2000 to 2020

Fig.2 Artificial surface changes in South Asia

Fig.3 Quantitative analysis of artificial surface expansion in various countries

Fig. 4 Spatial scanning statistics clustering map of second-level administrative units in South Asian countries

Fig.5 Schematic of the proportion of plaques of various expansion types in various countries

Fig.6 Distribution characteristics of new patch types in various countries

Fig.7 Spatial pattern evolution of artificial surface based on urban expansion phases theory

Fig.8 Lorentz curve of artificial surface expansion at second-level administrative units in Asia South countries in 2000-2010 and 2010-2020

Fig.3 The increase of artificial surface in cities of different sizes

国家	城市规模	2000—2010年新增斑块面积占比	2000—2010年新增斑块数量占比	2010—2020年新增斑块面积占比	2010—2020年新增斑块数量占比
尼泊尔	大城市	26%	36%	53%	31%
	中等城市	36%	45%	17%	49%
	小城市	38%	19%	30%	20%
斯里兰卡	大城市	22%	20%	52%	31%
	中等城市	22%	18%	18%	35%
	小城市	56%	62%	30%	35%
巴基斯坦	大城市	58%	64%	48%	39%
	中等城市	15%	15%	19%	27%
	小城市	27%	21%	33%	34%
印度	大城市	3%	1%	4%	3%
	中等城市	3%	5%	7%	4%
	小城市	94%	94%	89%	93%
不丹	大城市	8%	4%	64%	50%
	中等城市	90%	82%	21%	42%
	小城市	2%	14%	15%	8%
孟加拉国	大城市	28%	21%	13%	22%
	中等城市	18%	17%	28%	16%
	小城市	54%	62%	59%	62%

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