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15 February 2023, Volume 32 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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On the leadership of great power in regional economic cooperation: Theory, case and implications Yahua MA, Debin DU 2023, 32(2): 1-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2020663 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )   Because of state actor's bounded rationality,regional integration for institutional cooperation usually encounter double troubles in treaty making and compliance. But in a regional system with a heterogeneous distribution of power, countries participating in collective negotiation for integration will differentiate into three kind including leader(s), followers and free riders, in which the great power seeking leadership will offer credible deterrence to free-riding and treachery by small countries. So the authority of the treaty can be guaranteed. This paper will demonstrate the logic of great power's leadership and the unbalanced approach of regional integration by means of theoretical and empirical research after set up a model of heterogeneous collective activity and a model of social action. Conclusions in this paper can inspire China to participate regional integration and make geopolitical strategy effectively. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental impact assessment of shipping on Arctic marine ecosystems based on Multi-Agent System simulation Qiaoyun LUO, Wei LIU, Jianmin SHOU 2023, 32(2): 12-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2020853 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1329KB) ( )   Maritime transportation activity in the Arctic is increasing, which is due to global warming and decline of Arctic sea ice, posing a threat to local atmosphere, marine organisms, etc. From the perspective of ecological protection, potential impact of marine transportation in the Arctic on marine organisms is evaluated using multi-agent system (MAS) simulation through a case of ship-based oil spills. Multiple regression analysis is then used to compare impacts of factors. Considering the interactions between Arctic shipping and Arctic marine organisms and that MAS is shown to be effective to handle such interactions, MAS is used for modeling together with simulation. The biological effects model of Arctic shipping is combined with Arctic maritime transportation model, ship-based oil spill model and oil spreading model. The two indicators of environmental impact assessment are loss rate of Arctic marine organisms within the oiled area (the proportion of the population within the oiled area that gets into contact directly with the oil spills) and oil area. The results show that, taking Arctic Northeast Passage as an example, when vessel traffic in the Arctic is low, oil spill accidents caused by tankers affects 1.1%~1.4% of Arctic marine organisms during navigation period. The loss rate can rise to 2.1%~2.7% with doubled vessel traffic. It also shows that oil life days have the greatest impact on the loss of Arctic marine organisms, followed by navigation period. Arctic vessel traffic ranks third among all factors. Oil types come last. The variation of loss rate of Arctic marine organisms under different oil types is mainly due to the difference in oil area. The results are expected to help evaluate the impact of Arctic shipping on Arctic marine environment and improve the understanding of emergency preparedness and response of maritime accidents in the Arctic. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal characteristics analysis of artificial surface evolution in South Asia based on GlobeLand 30 Anqi LI, Xin CAO, Xihong CUI, Hanwei LIANG, Qiang LI, Zhenxian QUAN, Zheng ZHANG 2023, 32(2): 23-35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021175 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1655KB) ( )   Based on the GlobeLand30 data in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the artificial surface expansion of South Asian countries during 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 was analyzed by using the spatial scanning statistics, landscape expansion index as well as Lorenz curve. By combining the spatial distribution pattern of the artificial surface with evolution process, we investigated the spatio-temporal variation and spatial structure of artificial surface in South Asia. Results showed that: 1) The overall artificial surface area of South Asia continues to expand, with the expansion rate increasing from 0.42% in 2000-2010 to 2.59% in 2010-2020. 2) India has seen the largest increase in artificial surface area over the past 20 years, with Bhutan expanding at the fastest rate. In the process of artificial surface expansion in South Asia, there are significant spatial hot spots, and the spatial hot spots migrate at different time periods. 3) In western Pakistan, central Sri Lanka, northwestern Bangladesh, and eastern and southern India, enclave type patches have increased, and the artificial surface shows the characteristics of scattered and disordered diffusion expansion. The new patch types in northern India, eastern Sri Lanka and southeastern Bangladesh shift from enclave type to infilling and edge-expansion type, showing a pattern of change from diffusion to dense aggregation type. 4) The expansion of artificial surface in South Asian countries differs greatly on the scales of cities, which leads to obvious imbalances in the expansion of artificial surface. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regional diversity and network structure of global creative cities Huali QU, Jinliao HE 2023, 32(2): 36-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021399 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1621KB) ( )   Over the past years, creative cities received great attention in academic circle. However, current literature mainly focuses on the cases in specific regions, lacking of research on the regional heterogeneity in the development of creative cities on the global level. Based on the concept of creative cities, this paper provides an empirical study on regional diversity of UNESCO "Creative City Network" members. Using the quantitative methods such as clustering analysis, social network analysis, it investigates the clustering of the global creative cities among different countries. The findings suggest that: (1) In terms of the types of global creative cities, the core themes in the UNESCO "Creative City Network" are handicraft, folk art and music. In terms of regional distribution, Western Europe, Northeast Asia, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico are the core areas. (2) This regional heterogeneity is greatly influenced by historical and cultural contexts, as well as geographical proximity. In general, countries over the world can be classified into four clusters: Music Media Art countries (mainly European and Caribbean countries), Literature Creative countries (mainly Indo-European countries), Handicraft and Folk Art Creative countries (dominated by ancient Silk Road countries), Design Creative Country and Food Creative Country (mainly Asian countries). (3) South Korea, Australia, Italy, the United States, China and other countries take up the central position in the global creative cities network. Although China has a lot of creative cities, its centrality is relatively faire due to that homogenization of creative cities in China is serious. There is a shortage of diversified development strategies in building creative cities in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the relationship between bike-sharing ridership and built environment characteristics: A case study based on GAMM in Boston Bingjie YU, Yuan LIANG, Linchuan YANG 2023, 32(2): 48-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021256 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (3901KB) ( )   As a low-carbon and environmentally friendly travel mode, bike-sharing (BS) has developed rapidly in many cities at home and abroad. However, existing studies have paid little attention to the relationship between urban morphology factors and BS ridership, and overlooked the nonlinearity of the relationship. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics of BS trips based on Boston's BS system data. We use generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to capture the nonlinear relationship between BS ridership and built environment characteristics. The results show that: (1) BS ridership has a spatial pattern of attenuation from the downtown area to the periphery area. BS travel distances are concentrated at 3km, with a limit of 6km. (2) Temperature, weekday, and weather have significant effects on BS ridership. (3) BS ridership is linearly and positively correlated with total population, road density and metro accessibility, and has a nonlinear relationship with street orientation entropy and average road length. Finally, we provide corresponding policy implications for China based on the empirical findings. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the residence-employment change of migrants and its influence on subjective well-being: A case study of Beijing Yunxiao DANG, Wenzhong ZHANG, Shaohua WU, Lefeng QIU 2023, 32(2): 59-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021068 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (939KB) ( )   Migrants face instability of residence and employment in urban regeneration, which is not conducive to their well-being.This paper built a theoretical framework for the influence of coordinative changes of migrant residences and employment on their subjective well-being, and analyzed the characteristics of migrants' residence-employment change and subjective well-being, as well as the correlation between them. The results show that: (1) Migrants report lower subjective well-being compared with local residents. Migrants without residence or employment changes in the last 5 years report higher subjective well-being than those with residence or employment changes. (2) For residents with the same type of residence or employment changes, their subjective well-being varies with individual characteristics. Compared with migrants who are passive to move, those with active residential change have higher subjective well-being. (3) Employment change and dual change of residence-employment have negative effects on residents' subjective well-being, ceteris paribus. The negative effects have a greater impact on migrants than local residents. (4) Residential change has a positive effect on subjective well-being, and the positive effect is greater for migrants. The main academic contribution of this study is as follows: in the background of rapid urban renewal in China, this research not only explores the correlation between residence or employment changes and subjective well-being, it also expands to the filed of the correlation between dual change of residence-employment and subjective well-being. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of internet and digital rural in China Wenya WANG, Mingfeng WANG, Yinghao ZHANG, Fan WANG 2023, 32(2): 70-81.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021147 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1190KB) ( )   Under the background of the implementation of the national strategy of rural revitalization in China, the importance of digital village construction has been increasing. Based on research articles selected from the core journals and the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) journals in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) academic journal network publishing database and with the help of CiteSpace software, this paper analyzed the researches of internet and digital village in China published between 1999 and 2020. We get the following main conclusions. ①Before 2015, the number of research papers about Internet and digital village in China are small and the growth rate are slow. Since 2015, the research about Internet and digital village in China has entered the stage of rapid growth. ②Three keywords appear most frequently: "Internet +", "Internet" and "Internet finance", and the key word "Internet" has a high degree of burst strength, the earliest time to appear, and the longest time span of influence. In addition, the perspectives of research about Internet and digital village in China are diversified, and the key words are related to each other, showing a trend of interdisciplinary. ③The research about Internet and digital village in China have gone through three stages: initiation (from 2005 to 2010), growth (from 2011 to 2016) and deepening (from 2017 to the present). And each research stage is related to the national policy background, era background and technological development, etc. ④The main areas of research about internet and digital village in China include: the applications of "Internet +" in rural areas, the internet and rural economic development, the policy effects of digital village development, and the digital divide. Future research trends are mainly reflected in the expansion of research fields, the diversification of research scales, the improvement of theoretical frameworks, and the innovation of research methods and so on. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regional differences and influencing factors of the health level of women and children in China Xiao XIE, Bin YING, Fangjuan DU, Xiaoyu SONG, Hanyan WU 2023, 32(2): 82-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021382 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1520KB) ( )   Taking maternal mortality and perinatal mortality as the main indicators, and using coefficient variation, spatial autocorrelation, and panel regression analyze the spatial pattern and its influencing factors about women and children health from 2005 to 2015 in China. The results show that: ①The overall health level of women and children is on an upward trend, and the growth rate in the western region is the highest in China, but the overall trend is gradient 'East-Central-West' decreasing. ② The relative difference of the health level of women and children is remarkable. The difference in maternal mortality rate fluctuates, and the difference in perinatal mortality rate tends to increase during the ten years, in which, the difference in the western region is the largest, followed by the eastern region, and the central region smallest. ③The horizontal Moran's index of women and children health shows a "W"-shaped change trend, and the degree of spatial agglomeration decreases gradually. The stable hot spots arise in the central and eastern regions, and the stable cold spots in the western regions. ④ Prenatal examination rate, urbanization level and per capita public health expenditure promote the development of women and children health, while the proportion of environment temperature, high-risk maternal women, and female illiteracy rate restrain its improvement. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghai's position in global science and technology innovation network: Zezhou SHEN, Chengyun WANG 2023, 32(2): 93-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021071 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1110KB) ( )   Based on the global patent cooperation data in WIPO database, we construct global science and technology innovation network of Shanghai from 2010 to 2019 and the global science and technology innovation network of 32 first level science and technology cities in the world in 2019. On this basis, we use social network analysis and functional polycentric iterative analysis to explore the evolution and status of Shanghai's participation in global science and technology cooperation. The results show that: in the past 10 years, Shanghai has played a relatively important role in the global science and technology innovation network, but it has not improved its position in the science and technology innovation network to a great extent. Among the 32 cities in the world, Shanghai ranks the sixth in the strength of innovation connection, and the first in the breadth of innovation connection. At present, the science and technology innovation connection between Shanghai and other cities can be characterized as wide diversity but not in-depth. Ranking the 32 cities through polycentric iterative analysis, we can find that the innovation status of each city in the global science and technology innovation local network is characterized by polycentricity high-low distribution; Shanghai, London and Rotterdam are in the third level; among the top six cities in the innovation strength connection, Shanghai has become "marginal", and there is a big gap between Shanghai and the top five cities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of industrial collaborative agglomeration in urban agglomerations in China Yunzhe WANG, Guojun ZHANG, Chunshan ZHOU 2023, 32(2): 104-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021680 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1370KB) ( )   Based on the data of 201 cities in 19 Chinese urban agglomerations mentioned in the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the level of industrial collaborative agglomeration in urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2018 using ArcGIS spatial analysis model, spatial error model and other methods, and analyzed its influencing factors. The results show that: ①The level of coordinated agglomeration of the secondary and tertiary industries in Chinese urban agglomerations shows a trend of fluctuation and decline, in which the location entropy of the secondary industry decreases first and then increases, while the location entropy of the tertiary industry continues to decline slowly. ②The spatial pattern of collaborative agglomeration of the secondary and tertiary industries in China's urban agglomerations remained relatively stable. The urban agglomerations with a high level of industrial collaborative agglomeration are still mainly distributed in western China and coastal areas, while the level of industrial collaborative agglomeration in central China is relatively backward. ③There is a significant positive spatial correlation between the collaborative agglomeration level of the secondary and tertiary industries in Chinese urban agglomerations, and the overall trend of fluctuation decreases. The trend of industrial agglomeration in urban agglomerations gradually weakens, and the internal differences in urban agglomerations gradually increase. ④Based on the spatial error model, it is found that the urbanization level, government regulation and foreign investment intensity have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of the secondary and tertiary industries in Chinese urban agglomerations, while the intensity of science and technology expenditure has no significant impact. ⑤The development of industrial collaborative agglomeration needs to take measures according to local conditions. The urban agglomeration in eastern China should play a good role of government regulation to promote the coordinated division of labor within the urban agglomeration. The urban agglomeration in central and northeast China should promote the tertiary industry and ensure that the supporting service industry can adapt to the development of the secondary industry. Urban agglomeration in western China should try to raise its urbanization and improve the development of service industry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The supply and demand matching policy research of rural tourism under the background of rural revitalization: The case of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province Ming ZHU, Feng GAO, Chunyun SHI, Shan CAO 2023, 32(2): 115-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2020824 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (804KB) ( )   Rural tourism is a vigorous drive force to the development of rural economy, and an important power to lead the rural revitalization strategy in China as well. After the Pandemic of COVID-19, the demand for rural tourism products and quality continues to expand. However, during the rapid development, rural tourism showed mismatch between supply and demand. This paper took the case of Kunshan City in Jiangsu Province, based on the data of tourist market investment, using the IPA analytical method and the gap model of service quality, tried to find out the problems and countermeasures in re-matching of supply and demand in Kunshan's rural tourism industry, especially from the supply-side. This paper constructed the logical framework of supply-demand matching governance policy of rural tourism based on China's Rural Revitalization strategy. The research result can provide reference to the promotion of the quality for China's rural tourism development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The identification and influence mechanism of spatial structure for medical points in mountainous cities: Yong HUANG, Hang ZHAO, Guolei CHEN 2023, 32(2): 125-135.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021149 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1687KB) ( )   Taking the central urban area of Guiyang,a mountainous city,as an example,the average nearest neighbor,kernel density analysis,standard deviation ellipse method,spatial autocorrelation analysis and grid dimension method are used to identify the spatial structure of its medical points and explore the impact mechanism. The results show that:①The spatial distribution of medical treatment points in the central city of Guiyang is in a significant cluster mode.The nuclear density of medical treatment points is characterized by "four cores,sub-center and multi-point surround",showing the "y" layout. The overall medical treatment points are in the trend of "northwest-southeast" direction. ②The number of medical treatment points of the unit population in the township community (street) is positively correlated with each other. The distribution structure of cold hot spots around the ring line is prominent. ③The medical treatment points in the central city of Guiyang have the characteristics of uneven spatial distribution and complex fractal structure. ④The spatial distribution of regional medical points is affected by the pattern of population distribution,road grade and accessibility, house price and GDP, altitude and slope. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial evolution and influencing factors of high-tech industries in Foshan City under the high-quality development Bo TANG, Deguan CHEN, Hao LUO, Weixing XIE, Lin LIN 2023, 32(2): 136-145.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2020813 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1378KB) ( )   The industrial transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing cities is of great significance to regional high-quality development. Based on 3885 POI data of high-tech industries in Foshan City, the spatial pattern and influencing factors were analyzed by Kernel Density Estimation, spatial autocorrelation coefficient, multiple linear regression. The results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2017, the high-tech industries in Foshan City presented the spatial pattern of "main-core area" + "sub-core area" + "surrounding dispersion", and the aggregation areas at all levels contracted to varying degrees, showing the characteristics of high viscosity and strong aggregation degree. (2) The high-tech industries in Foshan City were in the stage of continuous gathering, but there were spatial differences in the high-tech enterprises gathering between towns (streets). The gathering level of Nanhai District and Shunde District was higher than the overall level of Foshan City and keep growing, and they had formed their own core H-H clusters. (3) In terms of influencing factors: policy support had the highest relevance, industrial agglomeration was the foundation, location environment had low relevance, universities and talent resources cannot be ignored. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recreation function in national parks based on tourists' perceived value: Two case studies of Yellowstone National Park and Wuyishan National Park Jiabao ZHANG, En WU 2023, 32(2): 146-157.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021255 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   A comparative analysis of tourists' recreation behavior and needs in national parks at home and abroad from the perspective of tourists' perceived value can provide a scientific basis for the realization of national parks' recreation function. Taking Yellowstone National Park and Wuyishan National Park as the cases, this paper divides the tourist value of national parks into seven dimensions: brand value, environmental value, experience value, service value, emotional value, cognitive value and cost value by collecting the online travel notes published by tourists and network text analysis in software, ROST CM6. The overall evaluation of Yellowstone National Park is much higher than that of Wuyishan National Park by comparing the evaluation of tourists from the two parks and scoring quantitatively.Based on this, it is concluded that the recreation needs of tourists in the national park are: getting close to nature, relaxing body and mind, increasing the characteristic experience, strengthening the body, seeking knowledge and aesthetics, etc. and the corresponding recreation function of the national park should include: natural display function, outdoor recreation function, natural science popularization function, natural aesthetic education function, etc. This paper puts forward five optimization suggestions, considering the actual situation of Wuyishan National Park, which includes multi-form natural display, abundant outdoor recreation products, construction of nature education system, improvement of infrastructure and establishment of brand image. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Korean's social integration in Qingdao Jie ZHOU, Shunying TANG 2023, 32(2): 158-165.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2020811 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (580KB) ( )   Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, Qingdao has attracted a large number of Korean people with its beautiful natural environment and rapid economic development. Korean people have gradually become an integral part of the local society. Based on the data acquired from questionnaires and interviews, the dimensions of social integration of Korean in Qingdao were constructed from three aspects: economy, culture and psychology. Also, the social integration of Korean in Qingdao and its influencing factors were analyzed. The study discovered that the level of social integration of Koreans in Qingdao is not high. In the four aspects of social integration, cultural integration has the highest degree, psychological integration is the lowest,and economic integration is in between. The degree of integration is affected by age, educational level, the number of local relatives and the time of staying in Qingdao.Based on the findings, some suggestions are put forward to enhance the social integration of Koreans in Qingdao in terms of the following three aspects: thoughts change, media integration, and government management. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and prospect of population migration in counties, towns and villages in China Ning LIU, Qing LIU, Guicai LI 2023, 32(2): 166-178.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2020688 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1384KB) ( )   Given the background of subsiding research scale and two-way flow pattern between urban and rural areas, there is a theoretical and practical significance to comprehend the pattern and influence mechanism of population migration in counties, towns and villages in China. CiteSpace knowledge map is used to identify the research hotspots of China's county-town-villages population migration since 1985 and 2009 in this paper. The analysis shows the theoretical and empirical research has developed steadily, cause the new and old hotspots are closely linked, research topics in more than 30 years had been focusing on the migration subject characteristics, migration process patterns, migration impact mechanism and its impact. The paper systematically summarizes conclusion and progress of the research on population migration in counties, towns and villages in China, putting forward four key issues: (1)Research on the innovative theoretical methods and collection of basic data. Exploring the theory in line with China's national conditions, standardizing the data collection and statistical caliber, and seeking the interdisciplinary integration application will widen the imagination space of the research on population migration; (2) Vertical and horizontal comparative research. To explore the migration pattern of different scales, comparative studies are neccessary; (3) Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and impact mechanism of migration. It is urgent to carry in-depth study on the migration pattern within counties, tracing family migration model based on life cycle theory, exploring new factors like institutional variables and migration time; (4) Research on the micro impact effect of migration. Using new theories and methods to carry out impact research on individual and family level can reflect the real bottom-up appeal. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics