Abstract:

Under the background of "the Belt and Road" and "the economic corridor of China, Mongolia and Russia" initiatives, it is of great significance to study the urbanization development level and its spatial differentiation of Russia. The paper first studied the urban scale distribution and urban spatial pattern in Russia. Then based on building an index system, the comprehensive weighting method of entropy weight and variation coefficient was used to calculate the urbanization development levels with regard to the population, economic and social aspects of eighty-three Russian federal subjects during 2005-2016. Finally, the spatial differentiation of the population, economic and social urbanization development levels was performed respectively by using ArcGIS. The results are as following. First, Russia has initially formed a "two core, multi polar, one horizontal, four vertical and multi groups" spatial pattern. Second, the comprehensive urbanization development levels of eighty-three federal subjects have increased from 2005 to 2016. The urbanization development levels of the economic aspects are higher than the population and social aspects. Third, the urbanization development levels of most federal subjects are lower than the average level of all the federal subjects. Forth, the population, economic, and social urbanization development levels were all spatially imbalanced in Russia. They show the "High Core, Low Edge", "High Center, Low North, and Low South", "High West, Low East" spatial patterns. The areas with high urbanization development levels are concentrated in Moscow city, Saint-Petersburg city and the belt areas of "Republic of Dagestan- Irkutsk Region". The areas with low ones are mostly in the northeastern part of the Far East federal district, southern part of the Siberian federal district and northern part of the North West federal district. Fifth, Russia's urbanization is influenced by historical formation and development, geographical basis and natural resources, policies and systems, industrial development, international market and surrounding countries.

Key words: urbanization, development level, spatial pattern, influence factors, Russia

摘要：

在“一带一路”倡议背景下，深入开展俄罗斯城镇化研究具有突出意义。在明晰俄罗斯城市空间分布特征的基础上，构建城镇化评价指标体系，研究俄罗斯83个联邦主体2005—2016年人口、经济、社会城镇化发展水平、空间格局及其影响因素。结果表明：俄罗斯初步形成了两核、多极、一横、四纵、多团的城市空间格局。2005—2016年，俄罗斯人口与社会城镇化增幅不大，经济城镇化发展显著，多数联邦主体的人口、经济、社会城镇化发展低于平均水平；空间上，城镇化高值区除集中在莫斯科与圣彼得堡外，还分布在达吉斯坦-伊尔库茨克等联邦主体的带状区域，低值区分布在远东区最东北端、西伯利亚区最南端、西北区最北端，核心高-边缘低、中部高-南北低、西部高-东部低的空间分异特征显著。俄罗斯城镇化受到历史形成与发展、地理基础与自然资源、政策与制度、工业化发展、国际市场和周边国家等因素的影响。

关键词: 城镇化, 发展水平, 空间格局, 影响因素, 俄罗斯