An analysis of spatial differentiation of tourism development level in border cities of Yunnan Province and influencing factors based on Geo-detector

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.03.2020513

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking eight border cities in Yunnan Province as the research unit, this paper explores the spatial differentiation of tourism development levels in Yunnan border cities from 2008 to 2017, analyzes its influencing factors by using Geo-detector, and reveals the mechanism of factor action. The results show as follows: ①The level of tourism development is constantly increasing in the border cities of Yunnan Province. The relative difference is not significant and remains high level, but the absolute difference is expanding, and the spatial differentiation is significant. ②The number of regions with a high to low level of tourism development has evolved into a "spindle" distribution in the border cities of Yunnan Province. ③The tourism development level of border cities in Yunnan Province gradually shows the spatial characteristics of "high in the southeast and west, balanced in the southwest and low in the northwest". ④The core factors that affect the tourism development level of border cities in Yunnan Province are the endowment of tourism resources, traffic accessibility, and GDP, and other factors have less influence. ⑤The explanatory power of various influencing factors on tourism development level is non-linearly strengthened or double-strengthened, and the statistics of factor explanatory power are significantly different.

Key words: tourism development level, influencing factors, Geo-detector, Yunnan Province, border cities

摘要：

文章以云南省8个边境州市为研究单元，探讨2008—2017年云南边境州市旅游发展水平的空间分异，借助地理探测器分析其影响因素，揭示因子作用机理。研究表明：①云南省边境州市旅游发展水平均不断提高，相对差异维持高水平且变化不大，但绝对差异呈扩大趋势，空间分异显著。②云南省边境州市旅游发展水平由高至低的区域数量呈“纺锤”状分布演化。③云南省边境州市旅游发展水平逐渐呈“东南和西部高，西南平衡，西北低”的空间特征。④影响云南省边境州市旅游发展水平的核心因素是旅游资源禀赋、交通通达度和GDP。⑤各项影响因子对旅游发展水平的解释力呈非线性加强或双加强作用，且因子解释力统计具有显著差异。

关键词: 旅游发展水平, 影响因素, 地理探测器, 云南省, 边境州市

Yuntao LI, Li TAO. An analysis of spatial differentiation of tourism development level in border cities of Yunnan Province and influencing factors based on Geo-detector[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(3): 624-636.

李云涛, 陶犁. 基于地理探测器的云南省边境州市旅游发展水平空间分异及影响因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(3): 624-636.

Figures/Tables 11

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边境州市	面积/ km²	GDP/ 亿元	常住人口/ 万人	辖区内边境县	接壤国家
临沧市	23600	630.02	253.6	3个：沧源县、耿马县、镇康县	缅甸
保山市	19637	738.1	257.8	2个：龙陵县、腾冲县	缅甸
普洱市	44300	662.48	263.7	4个：江城县、澜沧县、西盟县、孟连县	缅甸、老挝
红河哈尼族彝族自治州	32930	1593.77	464.5	3个：河口县、金平县、绿春县	越南
德宏傣族景颇族自治州	11526	381.06	131.6	4个：芒市（县级）、瑞丽市（县级）、陇川县、盈江县	缅甸
文山壮族苗族自治州	31500	859.06	365.4	3个：富宁县、麻栗坡县、马关县	越南
西双版纳傣族自治州	19100	417.79	118.8	3个：景洪市（县级）、勐海县、勐腊县	缅甸、老挝
怒江傈僳族自治州	14703	161.56	55.3	3个：泸水县、福贡县、贡山县	缅甸

边境州市	面积/ km²	GDP/ 亿元	常住人口/ 万人	辖区内边境县	接壤国家
临沧市	23600	630.02	253.6	3个：沧源县、耿马县、镇康县	缅甸
保山市	19637	738.1	257.8	2个：龙陵县、腾冲县	缅甸
普洱市	44300	662.48	263.7	4个：江城县、澜沧县、西盟县、孟连县	缅甸、老挝
红河哈尼族彝族自治州	32930	1593.77	464.5	3个：河口县、金平县、绿春县	越南
德宏傣族景颇族自治州	11526	381.06	131.6	4个：芒市（县级）、瑞丽市（县级）、陇川县、盈江县	缅甸
文山壮族苗族自治州	31500	859.06	365.4	3个：富宁县、麻栗坡县、马关县	越南
西双版纳傣族自治州	19100	417.79	118.8	3个：景洪市（县级）、勐海县、勐腊县	缅甸、老挝
怒江傈僳族自治州	14703	161.56	55.3	3个：泸水县、福贡县、贡山县	缅甸

要素层	指标层	权重
旅游产业要素（5个）	A级景区数量 /个	0.075 04
	星级酒店数量 /个	0.074 69
	星级旅行社 /个	0.077 56
	住宿和餐饮从业人员 /人	0.075 97
	文化、体育和娱乐业 /人	0.076 86
旅游经济要素（8个）	国内外旅游者人数 /（万人次）	0.086 49
	旅游总收入 /亿元	0.087 09
	国内外旅游者人数增长率 /%	0.079 48
	旅游总收入增长率 /%	0.083 07
	边境口岸入境一日游旅游者人数 /（万人次）	0.071 09
	边境口岸入境一日游外汇收入 /亿美元	0.071 24
	边境口岸入境一日游旅游者人数增长率 /%	0.070 93
	边境口岸入境一日游外汇收入增长率 /%	0.070 49

要素层	指标层	权重
旅游产业要素（5个）	A级景区数量 /个	0.075 04
	星级酒店数量 /个	0.074 69
	星级旅行社 /个	0.077 56
	住宿和餐饮从业人员 /人	0.075 97
	文化、体育和娱乐业 /人	0.076 86
旅游经济要素（8个）	国内外旅游者人数 /（万人次）	0.086 49
	旅游总收入 /亿元	0.087 09
	国内外旅游者人数增长率 /%	0.079 48
	旅游总收入增长率 /%	0.083 07
	边境口岸入境一日游旅游者人数 /（万人次）	0.071 09
	边境口岸入境一日游外汇收入 /亿美元	0.071 24
	边境口岸入境一日游旅游者人数增长率 /%	0.070 93
	边境口岸入境一日游外汇收入增长率 /%	0.070 49

影响因子	因子释义	代码	数据来源
旅游资源禀赋	州市所具备的旅游资源禀赋条件	X1	综合计算
GDP	州市经济发展水平	X2	统计年鉴
第三产业占GDP比重	州市第三产业发展水平	X3	综合计算
旅游接待能力	州市旅游服务接待能力水平	X4	综合计算
城镇居民人均可支配收入	州市城镇居民的潜在消费能力	X5	国民经济和社会发展统计公报
交通通达度	州市交通基础设施发展状况	X6	综合计算
边境贸易额度	州市边民互市贸易、边境小额贸易情况	X7	统计年鉴
政府行为	州市政府组织、领导当地旅游发展	X8	综合计算
口岸数量	州市所拥有的陆地跨境通道	X9	中国口岸年鉴