Research on spatial allocation and its configuration of elderly care facilities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.08.20250134

Abstract

Abstract:

The increasingly severe population aging poses a major challenge to China's modernization drive, while the equitable spatial distribution of elderly care service facilities is vital to the well-being of older adults. Based on the POI data of elderly care facilities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2020 and the aging population data of the seventh national census, the spatial agglomeration characteristics of aging population and elderly care facilities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were analyzed at county scale, and the supply-demand ratio model of elderly care facilities was constructed to study the spatial allocation of elderly care resources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The research results show that: ① The population aging type of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is mainly type Ⅱ (the population aging rate is 10%-14%) and type Ⅲ (the population aging rate is 14%-20%). The high-value areas of population aging are mainly distributed in Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou and Hengshui in Hebei Province, and the low-value areas are mainly concentrated in the urban area and the southeast area of Beijing, suburban areas of Xiongan, as well as Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and Handan. ② The center of the elderly care facilities is located at the junction of Beijing and Langfang, showing a distribution pattern of "Beijing and Tianjin as the core and Shijiazhuang as the secondary core". ③ In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, supply of elderly care facilities is less than demand on the whole, and the spatial allocation of elderly care resources is unbalanced. The counties with relatively high supply and demand of elderly care facilities are mainly concentrated in the north of Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Qinhuangdao, while districts and counties with low supply?demand ratios are mainly located in the areas surrounding Beijing and Tianjin in Hebei province, as well as in Hengshui City. According to the study, we suggest that under the background of coordinated development, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should scientifically formulate special plans for elderly care services, strengthen the monitoring of elderly care service demands and the prediction of future trends in population aging, and achieve the optimal allocation of elderly care resources.

Key words: population aging, elderly care facilities, POI data, spatial allocation, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

摘要：

日趋加剧的人口老龄化是中国现代化建设面临的重要挑战，而养老服务设施空间配置的均衡性关乎老年人的福祉。本文基于2020年养老服务设施POI数据和第七次全国人口普查老年人口数据，分析了京津冀地区区县尺度人口老龄化和养老服务设施的空间集聚特征，并构建了养老服务设施供需比模型以探究京津冀地区养老服务设施空间配置现状。研究结果显示：①京津冀地区分县人口老龄化水平以老年Ⅱ型（老龄化率10%~14%）和老年Ⅲ型（老龄化率14%~20%）为主，人口老龄化高值区县主要分布在冀东的唐山市和秦皇岛市、冀北的张家口市和冀中的衡水市，人口老龄化低值区县主要分布在北京市的主城区和东南部、雄安新区及其周边地区以及冀中南的石家庄市、邢台市和邯郸市等地。②京津冀地区的养老服务设施呈现“京津为核心、石家庄为次核心”的分布格局。③京津冀地区养老服务设施供需比总体较低，空间配置不均衡。养老服务设施供需比较高的区县主要集中在北京市、河北省的石家庄市和秦皇岛市以及其他各市辖区，而供需比低的区县主要分布在河北省的环京津地区和衡水市。研究认为，京津冀地区应在协同发展背景下，科学编制地区养老服务专项规划，加强对老年人口养老服务需求的监测和未来人口老龄化变化趋势的预测，实现养老服务资源的优化配置。

关键词: 人口老龄化, 养老服务设施, POI数据, 空间配置, 京津冀地区

Xu YIN, Hui WEI, Zhongyi WANG, Wengang WANG, Yunning KONG, Menglu CHEN, Rongyan ZHANG. Research on spatial allocation and its configuration of elderly care facilities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(8): 182-193.

尹旭, 魏慧, 王中怡, 王文刚, 孔韵宁, 陈蒙禄, 张榕燕. 京津冀地区养老服务设施空间配置均衡性研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(8): 182-193.

Figures/Tables 9

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地区	养老院		文旅康养小镇		医疗康养中心		养老服务设施总计
地区	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%
北京市	480	22	302	53	286	68	1068	34
天津市	371	17	50	9	29	7	450	14
河北省	1336	61	219	38	108	25	1663	52

地区	养老院		文旅康养小镇		医疗康养中心		养老服务设施总计
地区	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%	数量/个	占比/%
北京市	480	22	302	53	286	68	1068	34
天津市	371	17	50	9	29	7	450	14
河北省	1336	61	219	38	108	25	1663	52

供需比/%	北京市	天津市	河北省
<1	无	无	蠡县、安新县、满城区、饶阳县、平乡县、临西县、阳原县、涞源县、河间市、高碑店市、容城县、怀安县、易县、阜平县、文安县、固安县、鸡泽县、临漳县、尚义县、肃宁县、青龙满族自治县、大厂回族自治县、徐水区、青县、泊头市、曲阳县、雄县、崇礼区、三河市、望都县、唐县、清苑区、霸州市、黄骅市、武邑县、深州市、高阳县、定兴县、宁晋县、武强县
1~3	门头沟区	武清区、宁河区、津南区、静海区、滨海新区、河北区、西青区、河西区、北辰区、东丽区	临城县、孟村回族自治县、献县、元氏县、高邑县、定州市、武安市、成安县、丰宁满族自治县、安国市、滦南县、邱县、大名县、蔚县、下花园区、井陉矿区、肥乡区、内丘县、沙河市、任泽区、魏县、怀来县、安次区、沽源县、沧县、大城县、隆化县、辛集市、香河县、涿州市、广宗县、隆尧县、博野县、抚宁区、鹰手营子矿区、安平县、康保县、乐亭县、涿鹿县、任丘市、故城县、信都区、无极县、景县、曲周县、海兴县、新河县、永年区、涉县、海港区、曹妃甸区、井陉县、灵寿县、卢龙县、兴隆县、晋州市、涞水县、双滦区、阜城县、围场满族蒙古族自治县、丰润区、枣强县、滦州市、南皮县、冀州区、运河区、永清县、丰南区、广平县、宽城满族自治县、广阳区、复兴区、路北区、南宫市、昌黎县、磁县、深泽县、张北县、赵县、柏乡县、南和区、藁城区、盐山县、赤城县、顺平县、迁西县
3~5	东城区、朝阳区、海淀区、西城区、丰台区、顺义区、通州区、昌平区、石景山区	宝坻区、河东区、蓟州区、南开区、红桥区	平山县、东光县、竞秀区、赞皇县、承德县、路南区、峰峰矿区、莲池区、山海关区、裕华区、清河县、吴桥县、开平区、新华区（沧州市）、巨鹿县、桥西区（石家庄市）、威县、长安区、平泉市、丛台区、万全区、邯山区、新乐市、栾城区、滦平县、玉田县、迁安市、鹿泉区、桥东区、古冶区、宣化区、行唐县、双桥区、襄都区、馆陶县
>5	房山区、延庆区、大兴区、怀柔区、密云区、平谷区	和平区	桥西区（张家口市）、新华区（石家庄市）、遵化市、正定县、桃城区、北戴河区

供需比/%	北京市	天津市	河北省
<1	无	无	蠡县、安新县、满城区、饶阳县、平乡县、临西县、阳原县、涞源县、河间市、高碑店市、容城县、怀安县、易县、阜平县、文安县、固安县、鸡泽县、临漳县、尚义县、肃宁县、青龙满族自治县、大厂回族自治县、徐水区、青县、泊头市、曲阳县、雄县、崇礼区、三河市、望都县、唐县、清苑区、霸州市、黄骅市、武邑县、深州市、高阳县、定兴县、宁晋县、武强县
1~3	门头沟区	武清区、宁河区、津南区、静海区、滨海新区、河北区、西青区、河西区、北辰区、东丽区	临城县、孟村回族自治县、献县、元氏县、高邑县、定州市、武安市、成安县、丰宁满族自治县、安国市、滦南县、邱县、大名县、蔚县、下花园区、井陉矿区、肥乡区、内丘县、沙河市、任泽区、魏县、怀来县、安次区、沽源县、沧县、大城县、隆化县、辛集市、香河县、涿州市、广宗县、隆尧县、博野县、抚宁区、鹰手营子矿区、安平县、康保县、乐亭县、涿鹿县、任丘市、故城县、信都区、无极县、景县、曲周县、海兴县、新河县、永年区、涉县、海港区、曹妃甸区、井陉县、灵寿县、卢龙县、兴隆县、晋州市、涞水县、双滦区、阜城县、围场满族蒙古族自治县、丰润区、枣强县、滦州市、南皮县、冀州区、运河区、永清县、丰南区、广平县、宽城满族自治县、广阳区、复兴区、路北区、南宫市、昌黎县、磁县、深泽县、张北县、赵县、柏乡县、南和区、藁城区、盐山县、赤城县、顺平县、迁西县
3~5	东城区、朝阳区、海淀区、西城区、丰台区、顺义区、通州区、昌平区、石景山区	宝坻区、河东区、蓟州区、南开区、红桥区	平山县、东光县、竞秀区、赞皇县、承德县、路南区、峰峰矿区、莲池区、山海关区、裕华区、清河县、吴桥县、开平区、新华区（沧州市）、巨鹿县、桥西区（石家庄市）、威县、长安区、平泉市、丛台区、万全区、邯山区、新乐市、栾城区、滦平县、玉田县、迁安市、鹿泉区、桥东区、古冶区、宣化区、行唐县、双桥区、襄都区、馆陶县
>5	房山区、延庆区、大兴区、怀柔区、密云区、平谷区	和平区	桥西区（张家口市）、新华区（石家庄市）、遵化市、正定县、桃城区、北戴河区