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16 August 2016, Volume 25 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Model of control power of foreign affairs and its application in China 2016, (4): 1-7.  Abstract ( )   PDF (356KB) ( )   By building models of control power of bilateral diplomacy and multilateral diplomacy, this paper calculates relative control of typical diplomatic spheres of China, and points out key things of China's diplomatic work. The result shows that in the bilateral diplomacy, control power of China is almost equivalent with Japan and Russia, slightly higher than South Korea, much higher than India, and Pakistan, but much lower than that of the United States. These state have a direct effect on bargaining power of China with these countries. Consider three-way diplomacy, in China - Japan - South Korea relations, China has considerable initiative, Japan is passive. In China-Japan- United States, China is passive. In the China -United States - Russia, cooperation between China and Russia make position of United States weakened. In China-India-Pakistan, the join of Pakistan greatly increase the control power of China. In quartet and even more relationship, cooperation of China and Russia is good for China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Analysis on the Carbon Reduction Performance and its Driving Factors based the Kyoto Protocol Goals for Annex I Countries 2016, (4): 8-16.  Abstract ( )   PDF (513KB) ( )   The Kyoto protocol performance progress of Annex I countries was assessed in this paper based on the UNFCCC and IEA database. There are three major types of country in Annex I countries: Umbrella group countries, European Union countries, Economic transforming countries. The study found that the carbon emissions from different types of countries show different characteristics. Since 1990, the carbon emissions from Umbrella group countries remained increasing in all concentrations; The European unity gain a 8% emission abatement targets though the completion status is different in each country; Economic transforming countries achieve maximum cuts in emission. Germany and the UK have a larger extent to achieve carbon reduction. A case study on the two countries showed that the major reason of carbon reduction is the energy structure adjustment (e.g. the proportion of coal falling and the weight of natural gas increasing) and the foreign trade transfer emissions. Intensity of energy use and carbon emission of both EU and economic transforming countries are relatively stable, thus, the potential of emission reduction is limited. Related Articles | Metrics

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The evolution and development of China 's marginal sea policy 2016, (4): 17-28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (485KB) ( )   The Marine policy is an important part of the marine strategy, which is the important direction of the development of the country's overall strategy. Because of its special nature, the marginal sea has important theoretical and practical significance to the construction of the national marine strategy and the sustainable development of marine economy. The evolution and development of China's marginal sea policy can be divided into three stages, namely, the exploration of the initial stage of 1949-1978, the transformation of the 1978-1996 years, the stable development stage in 1996. In the development process in accordance with the order of coastal defense, coastal defense, offshore operations, in order to safeguard the national security and economic development as the main line, follow the marine safety mainly, go ahead of the rest of the marine economy, marine safety and economy coordinated development path, and made great progress in more than 60 years, in the development process has gradually established a modern comprehensive marine security concept and maritime power in the construction of the power savings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Difference of Population Aging Regional Evolution between China and Japan 2016, (4): 29-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (646KB) ( )   Population aging in China, which began in 2005, is still in its initial stage at present, while Population aging in Japan, which began in the middle of the last century, has been into the stage of super-aging society. Regional evolution of Population aging in China obviously depends on the regional economic development, while Population aging in Japan, on the other hand, is more and more dependent on the area-equalization degree of social security conditions. Through contrast and analysis of characteristics of population aging regional evolution in the two countries, this paper finds that: the characteristics and dominant factors of population aging regional evolution in different stages are great different, including: (1) the regional economic development plays an decisive role in its initial stage, while social security condition becomes the leading factor of aging population agglomeration in the later stages; (2) the effect of regional economic development on population aging, mainly manifests as labor migration between regions, while social security condition is more presented as top population aging, namely migratory aging. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Current Situation and Trends of China's direct investment in Myanmar 2016, (4): 40-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (602KB) ( )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Economic Geography: A Study on the "Star" Scholars in Economic Geography 2016, (4): 48-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (635KB) ( )   Abstract: In the academic circles, the most influential scholars and institutions play a vital role in the development of a discipline. The identification of these representative scholars and institutions therefore help us understand the pattern and developmental trajectories of this discipline. This paper investigates the most influential representative scholars and institutions, identifies the hot issues during 1980-2014 and summarizes the research trends of economic geography. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analyses, we find: (1) the representative scholars and institutions economic geography during the last three decades mainly come from Britain, the United States and a few European developed countries; (2) the influence of Asian economic geography is not yet outstanding——there are only 4 most influential Asian scholars among the 59 economic geography scholars identified in this paper; (3) studies on evolutionary economic geography, regional resilience, global production network and development of developing economies have attracted much scholarly attention in the recent years. It suggests that the current global economic geography is still dominated by the developed European countries but the rise of the Asian economies may be able to break the deadlock of monopoly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Building and application of a geopolitical environment unit regionalization method 2016, (4): 58-66.  Abstract ( )   PDF (657KB) ( )   China's surrounding geopolitical environment is extremely complex, the geopolitical environment analysis and research based on the spatial differentiation are needed. Existing geopolitical environment studies, however, neither put forward a complete geopolitical environment regionalization methods, nor give a corresponding geopolitical environment regionalization map. This study integrated geopolitics, international relations, geography and other disciplines’ knowledge, and draw lessons from the conventional regionalization method in geography, then build a geographical spatial unit regionalization method. The method consists of three parts, regionalization principle, process and multi-index comprehensive evaluation model. With this method, the four countries (India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan) of South Asia are divided into four levels of geopolitical environmental unit, 19 of level 3 units and 9 of level 4 units. The results show that, this method helps to quickly grasp the overall pattern of surrounding geopolitical environment, especially deepen the understanding of geopolitical environment situation in the key areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Enlightments and the VRTS analysis about the Carat canal Development 2016, (4): 67-72.  Abstract ( )   PDF (640KB) ( )   Under the background of B & R and the Pacific & Indian Ocean Strategies, all kinds of strategy has been proposed.And the suggestions for developing the carat canal, were thought to be very important for China to break the Malacca dilemma.Then,this paper discussed it from the perspective of strategic value, risk and so on. This paper pointed out that the value has been overestimated, the strategic risk has been undervalued. And finally, the article suggested that we’d better consider the timing and the scheduling carefully, and prepare to not develop it or think obout the alternative solutions.And it has implications for other large projects,too. Related Articles | Metrics

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The synergetic evolution of industry-space-system in urban transformation - Hamburg as an example 2016, (4): 73-82.  Abstract ( )   PDF (747KB) ( )   Abstract: Most of the world's leading port cities have experienced the rise and the decline due to the port, Hamburg is a model of the successful transitions. This paper constructs an analysis framework on Industry - Space - System co-evolution of Hamburg urban transformation and the study reveals: Hamburg transformated tightly around the harbor function and the port area; urban industrial transformation requires support of space carrier and security of policy and coordination mechanisms; to upgrade traditional industries, implement sustainable spatial development plans, make systematic and coordinated policy is important for urban transformation. At last, we draw some experiences and inspirations from Hamburg to serve the urban transformation of China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and comparative study of the western region of openness 2016, (4): 93-101.  Abstract ( )   PDF (755KB) ( )   After the "Silk Road economic belt" strategy put forward China's economic development has entered a new normal, open area facing new opportunities, especially in the western region as a national strategy for the implementation of key opening to the west, by accelerating interoperability, customs clearance and international logistics Corridor construction, expanding inland and border opening, into the international market and actively participate in global competition, and actively adapt to the new normal. Index system in the western region of opening of this paper to establish a comprehensive system of economic, cultural, social, policy these four aspects, using principal component analysis and weighted average method, respectively, from the time and geographical scale of the opening of the 10 western provinces degree measure and compare the final analysis, the development trend of the opening of each region according to calculation results, the formation of all-round opening pattern make relevant recommendations. Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial distribution of carbon emissions in Jiangsu province using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data and NDVI 2016, (4): 102-110.  Abstract ( )   PDF (796KB) ( )   : In order to calculate the carbon emissions of Jiangsu Province properly and study the spatial distribution of carbon emission in Jiangsu, we did a new research. In consideration of the economic structure and the natural environment in Jiangsu Province, a reasonable carbon emissions’ model is chosen to calculate carbon emissions of every county. In order to do this research on carbon emissions in Jiangsu, five kinds of data have been used to establish the spatial lag model of carbon emission, which are DMSP/OLS night light images, NDVI, population, GDP and industrial gross domestic product data. And all these data have been resampled to the 1km×1km grids, using the established spatial lag model of carbon emission, carbon emission in every1km×1km grid can be predicted. The predicted value is corrected according to the computed value of every county to get a more accurate result. With the corrected value of all these grids, we ultimately got the spatial distribution of carbon emission in Jiangsu. The result shows that distribution of carbon emissions presented as a distinct pattern, it is smaller in Northern Jiangsu than southern area and its lowest value appears in the middle area. In southern area of Jiangsu, the spatial distribution of carbon emission shows a significant “hot-spot” cluster area in Suzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing. As for the spatial distribution of carbon emission in one single county, the significant “hot-spot” cluster area is distributed in urban area. Compared with traditional method of carbon emissions research, which only distributed carbon emissions in every administrative county, the spatial lag model and spatial distribution of carbon emission submitted by this paper is more reasonable. The research can provide more information about the spatial distribution of carbon emissions and changed the storage form of carbon emissions data. Futher more, it help to carry out a comprehensive analysis of multi subject data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Since the Reform and Opening of China Economic Development Pattern Evolution and the Driver Analysis 2016, (4): 111-121.  Abstract ( )   PDF (847KB) ( )   Through a point mutation analysis about the China's economic development since 1978 on the basis of the Mann-Kendall method. Combining traditional methods of mathematical statistics and spatial analysis model, in the support of some software such as ArcGIS, GeoDa, in provincial-level administrative unit, per capita GDP as measure indices to do a deeply study about our country’s economic development since the reform and opening period through the time, space, relevance, driving factors and other perspectives. The results showed that: the rapid development of Chinese economy showed a rapid development trend overall, regions of east, central and western which developed significantly different, but the overall difference gradually reduced; China's economy showing the spatial distribution of northeast - southwest pattern. Direction of the main axle performed a contraction trend, and direction of the auxiliary axle performed a fluctuate and expand pattern. The high level of economic development zones are increasing, and its lowest level area are declining, and eventually disappear, the economic of our country has been significantly improved; According to association analysis, the diffusion mainly concentrated in the eastern region, the collapse is mainly distributed in the central region, differences between East and West still exist; We can see China's economic development is primarily a consumption-based, investment, supplemented by "wheeled" gradually shifted from investment, exports, consumption driven coordination, the regional development have a coordinated momentum. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial Heterogeneity effect of Affecting Factors of the Chinese High Technology Industry Innovation Efficiency——Empirical Research Based on Geographically Weighted Regression 2016, (4): 122-131.  Abstract ( )   PDF (849KB) ( )   This paper firstly estimates high technology industry innovation efficiency of China's 30 provinces from 2008 to 2013 using stochastic frontier model based on transcendental logarithmic production function, and then researches the relationship between the enterprise scale, market structure, government investment, the impact of R&D expenditure structure with the innovation efficiency based on geographical weighted regression model. The results show that: there is positive correlation between high technology industry innovation efficiency among China's 30 provinces; enterprise scale, market structure and R&D expenditure structure have a positive impact on innovation efficiency, and government investment hinders innovation efficiency of high technology industry; influence on the innovation efficiency of the high technology industry by four factors all have spatial heterogeneity, and keep stable from 2008 to 2013. Finally this paper makes conclusions and puts forward relevant policy suggestions. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on the research of geography of education in the Anglophone 2016, (4): 144-155.  Abstract ( )   PDF (795KB) ( )   Geography of education is an interdisciplinary between geography and education, emerged in middle of 20th century and increased later. At the beginning, geography of education just used geography’s theory and technology to resolve educational problems, including education planning, education land using, school choice and education difference on opportunity and attainment etc. But after 1990s, thanks for the “spatial turn” in social sciences and humanities, the research on geography of education lays emphasis on explaining education through a critical social space view. The break has made a “space turn” in the field of geography of education, and the focus we can see immediately is the change of the nature of “space” in this field. It is, the space in geography of education is exist as an object or something else before 1990s, but now as a mutual production with and draw by economical, social, cultural and political facts. As a increasing discipline, the theme of geography of education is very abundant now, and has constructed an inter-scale and competitive research framework including microscopic scale (learner, learning space, community of learner), meso-scale (region, nation) and macroscale (international). In the future, a more critical geography of education focuses on themes such as space and space network, formal and informal education, understanding education on a social space perspective and so on is necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Spatial-Temporal Pattern and Evolution Model of Religious Sites in Jiangxi Provinc 2016, (4): 166-176.  Abstract ( )   PDF (910KB) ( )   Abstract: Based on the data of religious sites in Jiangxi Province, and taking cities and counties as the basic research units, this paper mainly studied about Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism and Islam. With the help of traditional mathematical statistics, ESDA and spatial analysis methods, spatial- temporal evolution of the major religious sites in Jiangxi Province has been analyzed and the mode of religious development stages have been summarized. The results are shown as follows: after the founding of PRC in 1949, especially since the reform and opening-up in1978, religions of Jiangxi Province has an unbalanced development both in time and spatial dimensions. Performances in time dimension are that since the reform and opening up, the total number of four religious sites has increased continuously and most obvious increase is the number of Buddhism sites and the growth rate of Taoism sites. Meanwhile, Buddhism and Christianity in space has shown a positive correlation and formed an aggregative trend. In addition, the phenomena of over-agglomerate and rapid expansion exist in different religion. Then performances in spatial dimension are that the spatial structure of the dominated religions changes significantly and the spatial distribution of dominated religions tends to be dispersed, that contribute to form the regions composed by a variety of dominated religions. At the same time, intensive areas of four religions spread from the south to north and then to be a north-south strip distribution. In the end, the mode of religion development stages shows that the evolution of religions has its own internal dynamic mechanism and affected by many other factors. Competition and merging, mutual constraint and balance among religions make the regions go through religious discrete stages, dominated religions gathering stages, and finally form the religious large fusion. Related Articles | Metrics