快速交通、旅游经济与旅游生态效率协调发展及驱动机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.11.20240256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

统筹协调快速交通、旅游经济与旅游生态效率之间的关系，对于促进旅游业可持续发展具有重要意义。基于2009—2020年中国省域数据，采用熵权法、Super-SBM模型和耦合协调度模型测算快速交通、旅游经济与旅游生态效率发展水平和协调状况，并借助Tobit模型揭示系统协调发展的驱动机制。研究发现：①全国快速交通和旅游经济发展水平总体持续增长；旅游生态效率波动下滑；东部地区3个子系统发展具有普遍优势。②系统协调度时序整体呈现“濒临失调→勉强协调→初级协调”的演变趋势，具有“高耦合度、低协调度”的发展特征；空间格局以东部沿海为协调发展核心优势区并向外辐射。③创新能力、科教投入、消费水平、消费能力显著正向影响系统协调发展，经济实力和环境规制具有显著抑制作用，各影响因素效应存在显著的区域异质特征。研究结论可为优化快速交通科学建设布局、促进旅游经济绿色转型、推动旅游业高质量发展提供有益参考。

关键词: 快速交通, 旅游经济, 旅游生态效率, 耦合协调, 驱动机制

Abstract:

Coordinating the relationship between rapid transportation, tourism economy and tourism eco-efficiency is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of tourism. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2009 to 2020, this paper uses entropy weight method, Super-SBM model and coupling coordination degree model to measure the development level and coordination status of rapid transportation, tourism economy and tourism eco-efficiency, and reveals the driving mechanism of the coordinated development of the three systems using the Tobit model. The study found that: ①The development level of China's rapid transportation and tourism economy has generally increased positively, while the tourism eco-efficiency has fluctuated and declined. The development of the three subsystems in the eastern region enjoys universal advantages. ②The coordination degree of the systems presents an upward state evolution of "on the verge of imbalance → reluctant coordination → primary coordination" in time series, with the development characteristics of "high coupling degree and low coordination degree"; in terms of spatial evolution, the eastern coast is the core area of coordinated development and radiates outward. ③Innovation ability, investment in science and education, consumption level and consumption ability have a significant positive impact on the coordinated development of the three systems, while economic strength and environmental regulation have a significant inhibitory effect. The effects of various influencing factors have obvious regional heterogeneity. The research conclusions can provide reference for exploring the scientific construction layout of rapid transportation, promoting the green transformation of tourism economy and promoting the high-quality development of tourism.

Key words: rapid transportation, tourism economy, tourism eco-efficiency, coupling coordination, driving mechanism

白洋, 李亚茹. 快速交通、旅游经济与旅游生态效率协调发展及驱动机制[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(11): 98-111.

Yang BAI, Yaru LI. The coordinated development and driving mechanism of rapid transportation, tourism economy and tourism eco-efficiency[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(11): 98-111.

图/表 10

参考文献 37

[1]	ANSER M, YOUSAF Z, AWAN U, et al. Identifying the carbon emissions damage to international tourism: Turn a blind eye. Sustainability, 2020, 12(5): 1937.
[2]	WBCSD. Eco-efficiency: Creating More Value with Less Impact. Geneva: WBCSD, 2000.
[3]	LEIPER N. The framework of tourism: Towards a definition of tourism, tourist, and the tourist industry. Annals of Tourism Research, 1979, 6(4): 390-407.
[4]	石培华, 吴普. 中国旅游业能源消耗与CO₂排放量的初步估算. 地理学报, 2011, 66 (2): 235-243.
	SHI P, WU P. A rough estimation of energy consumption and CO₂ emission in tourism sector of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66 (2): 235-243.
[5]	郑兵云, 杨冕. 基于生态环境的城市交通效率及其影响因素分析. 华东经济管理, 2018, 32(6): 164-170.
	ZHENG B, YANG M. An analysis of urban transport efficiency based on ecological environment and its influencing factors. East China Economic Management, 2018, 32(6): 164-170.
[6]	王兆峰, 黄冬春. 环长株潭城市群旅游经济-交通运输-城镇化的耦合协调及影响因素分析.湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2023, 46(1): 100-108.
	WANG Z, HUANG D. Coupling coordination and influencing factor analysis of tourism economy-transportation-urbanization in urban agglomeration around Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan. Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University, 2023, 46(1): 100-108.
[7]	陆保一, 刘萌萌, 明庆忠, 等. 中国旅游业与交通运输业的耦合协调态势及其动力机制. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(1): 148-158.
	LU B, LIU M, MING Q, et al. Coupling and coordination situation and dynamic mechanism between tourism and transportation industry in China. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(1): 148-158.
[8]	刘大均, 陈君子, 贾垚焱. 高铁影响下成渝城市群旅游流网络的变化特征. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(3): 549-556.
	LIU D, CHEN J, JIA Y. Characteristic of tourist flow network in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration under the influence of high-speed railway. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(3): 549-556.
[9]	罗金阁, 张博, 刘嗣明. 粤港澳大湾区交通可达性与旅游经济联系空间关系. 经济地理, 2020, 40(10): 213-220.
	LUO J, ZHANG B, LIU S. Relationship between traffic accessibility and tourism economic contact of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Marco greater bay area. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(10): 213-220.
[10]	姬宸宇, 张含宇. 旅游业、民航业和经济增长之间的动态关系——基于中国主要旅游城市的面板数据分析. 旅游学刊, 2021, 36(12): 40-53.
	JI C, ZHANG H. Dynamic relationship between civil aviation, tourism and economic growth: Based on panel data analysis of major tourist cities in China. Tourism Tribune, 2021, 36(12): 40-53.
[11]	李瑞, 奚世军, 吴晓俊,等.贵广高铁对沿线旅游城市可达性影响测度及其地域结构系统构建. 世界地理研究, 2017, 26(4): 62-72.
	LI R, XI S, WU X, et al. The influence of accessibility of tourism cities and the construction of regional structure system under the Guiyang-Guangzhou High-speed Railway. World Regional Studies, 2017, 26(4): 62-72.
[12]	YIN P, LIN Z, PRIDEAUX B. The impact of high-speed railway on tourism spatial structures between two adjoining metropolitan cities in China: Beijing and Tianjin. Journal of Transport Geography, 2019, 80: 102495.
[13]	JIN S, YANG J, WANG E, et al. The influence of high-speed rail on icea-snow tourism in northeastern China. Tourism Management, 2020, 78: 104070.
[14]	甄翌. 旅游生态效率评估——基于生态足迹和碳足迹的比较研究. 林业经济问题, 2014, 34(5): 474-480.
	ZHEN Y. Tourism ecological efficiency evaluation: Based on the comparative study of the ecological footprint and carbon footprint. Issues of Forestry Economics, 2014, 34(5): 474-480.
[15]	GÖSSLING S, PEETERS P, CERON J P, et al. The eco-efficiency of tourism. Ecological economics, 2005, 54(4): 417-434.
[16]	WANG R, XIA B, DONG S, et al. Research on the spatial differentiation and driving forces of eco-efficiency of regional tourism in China. Sustainability, 2020, 13(1): 280.
[17]	LI S, REN T, JIA B, et al. The spatial pattern and spillover effect of the eco-efficiency of regional tourism from the perspective of green development: An empirical study in China. Forests, 2022, 13(8): 1324.
[18]	姚治国, 陈田, 尹寿兵, 等. 区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例. 地理科学, 2016, 36(3): 417-423.
	YAO Z, CHEN T, YIN S, et al. Regional tourism eco-efficiency model and an empirical research of Hainan Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(3): 417-423.
[19]	SCHALTEGGER S, STURM A. Ökologische Rationalität: Ansatzpunkte zur aus gestaltung von ökologieorientierten managementinstrumenten. Die Unternehm, 1990, 44(4): 273-290.
[20]	MOULIN C, BONIFACE P. Routeing heritage for tourism: Making heritage and cultural tourism networks for socio-economic development. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2001, 7(3): 237-248.
[21]	张新成,梁学成,宋晓,等.黄河流域旅游产业高质量发展的失配度时空格局及成因分析.干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(12): 201-208.
	ZHANG X, LIANG X, SONG X, et al.Spatial pattern of the mismatch degrees of the high-quality development of tourism industry in the Yellow River Basin.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2020,34(12): 201-208.
[22]	KONAN D. Limits to growth: Tourism and regional labor migration. Economic Modelling, 2010, 28(1): 473-481.
[23]	余慧敏, 岳洋, 曹卫东. 快速交通对我国区域可达性及经济空间关联的影响. 地理与地理信息科学, 2020, 36(5): 21-28.
	YU H, YUE Y, CAO W. Impact of rapid traffic on China's regional accessibility and economic spatial correlation. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2020, 36(5): 21-28.
[24]	唐夕汐,夏青,陈非.旅游发展、技术创新对经济增长的影响研究:基于省级空间面板数据分析.华东经济管理, 2020,34(10):48-55.
	TANG X, XIA Q, CHEN F. Research on the impact of tourism development and technological innovation on economic growth:Based on provincial spatial panel data analysis.East China Economic Management,2020, 34(10): 48-55.
[25]	王胜鹏, 乔花芳, 冯娟, 等. 黄河流域旅游生态效率时空演化及其与旅游经济互动响应.经济地理, 2020, 40(5): 81-89.
	WANG S, QIAO H, FENG J, et al. The spatio-temporal evolution of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin and its interactive response with tourism economy development level. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(5): 81-89.
[26]	刘佳, 刘贤明, 安珂珂, 等. 长三角城市群旅游环境承载力时空分异格局与空间效应研究. 长江流域资源与环境, 2022, 31(7): 1441-1454.
	LIU J, LIU X, AN K, et al. Research on spatio-temporal differentiation and spatial effect of tourism environmental carrying capacity of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022, 31(7): 1441-1454.
[27]	JIN F, WANG C, LI X, et al. China's regional transport dominance: Density, proximity, and accessibility. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2010, 20: 295-309.
[28]	郭向阳, 穆学青, 明庆忠, 等. 长江经济带快速交通系统对城市旅游生产率的影响效应分析. 经济地理, 2021, 41(12): 213-222.
	GUO X, MU X, MING Q, et al. Impact effect of rapid transport system on urban tourism productivity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(12): 213-222.
[29]	郭向阳, 穆学青, 明庆忠, 等. 旅游地快速交通优势度与旅游流强度的空间耦合分析.地理研究, 2019, 38(5): 1119-1135.
	GUO X, MU X, MING Q, et al. Spatial coupling between rapid traffic superiority degree and tourist flow intensity in tourist destinations. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(5): 1119-1135.
[30]	马勇, 李丽霞, 任洁. 神农架林区旅游经济-交通状况-生态环境协调发展研究. 经济地理, 2017, 37(10): 215-220.
	MA Y, LI L, REN J. Coordination development research among the tourism economy-traffic condition-ecological environment in Shengnongjia forest district. Economic Geography, 2017, 37(10): 215-220.
[31]	王兆峰,刘庆芳.长江经济带旅游生态效率时空演变及其影响因素. 长江流域资源与环境, 2019, 28(10):2289-2298.
	WANG Z, LIU Q.The spatio-temporal evolution of tourism eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its interactive response with tourism economy. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2019,28(10):2289-2298.
[32]	LIU Q, SONG J, DAI T, et al. Spatial network structure of China's provincial-scale tourism eco-efficiency: A social network analysis. Energies, 2022, 15(4): 1324.
[33]	ZHA J, YUAN W, DAI J, et al. Eco-efficiency, eco-productivity and tourism growth in China: A non-convex metafrontier DEA-based decomposition model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2020, 28(5): 663-685.
[34]	姚丹,任丽燕,马仁锋, 等. 长三角旅游业碳排放强度空间格局及影响因素分析. 生态科学, 2021, 40(2): 89-98.
	YAO D, REN L, MA R, et al. Analysis of spatial pattern and influencing factors of carbon emission intensity of tourism industry in Yangtze River Delta. Ecological Science, 2021, 40(2): 89-98.
[35]	陈飞,诸大建.低碳城市研究的理论方法与上海实证分析.城市发展研究,2009,16(10):71-79.
	CHEN F, ZHU D. Theory of research on low-carbon city and Shanghai empirical analysis.Urban Development Studies,2009,16(10): 71-79.
[36]	丁学谦, 吴群, 刘向南, 等. 土地利用、经济高质量发展与碳排放耦合协调度及影响因素——来自中国282个地级市的经验研究. 资源科学, 2022, 44(11): 2233-2246.
	DING X, WU Q, LIU X, et al. Coupling and coordination degree of land use, high-quality economic development, and carbon emissions and influencing factors in China: An empirical study of 282 prefecture-level cities. Resources Science, 2022, 44(11): 2233-2246.
[37]	孔芳霞, 刘新智, 周韩梅, 等. 新型基础设施建设与城市绿色发展耦合协调的时空演变特征与影响因素. 经济地理, 2022, 42(9): 22-32.
	KONG F, LIU X, ZHOU H, et al. Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the coupling coordination between new infrastructure construction and urban green development. Economic Geography, 2022, 42(9): 22-32.

目标层	准则层	指标层	测算方法
快速交通	高速公路	路网密度	i省高速公路里程与国土面积之比/(km/km²)
		路网衔接性	i省高速公路里程与公路总里程之比/%
		干线影响力	i省日均公路客运量/(万人/日)
		通车覆盖率	i省高速公路通车地级市比例/%
		区位优势度	i省高速公路线路密度与各省平均水平之比/%
	民航	通航密度	i省日均飞机起降架次/(架次/日)
		机场等级	依据机场飞行区等级，3C、4C、4D、4E、4F依次计2、4、6、8、10分并求和/分
		机场密度	i省机场数量与国土面积之比/(个/km²)
		通航覆盖率	i省民航通航地级市比例/%
		枢纽影响力	i省日均旅客吞吐量/(万人/日)
		区位优势度	i省民航通航密度与各省平均水平之比/%
	高铁	路网密度	i省高铁里程与国土面积之比/(km/km²)
		站点密度	i省高铁站点数量与国土面积之比/(个/km²)
		站点等级	依据高铁站点等级，四等站、三等站、二等站、一等站、特等站依次计2、4、6、8、10分并求和/分
		干线数量	i省高铁线路数量/条
		通车覆盖率	i省高铁通车地级市比例/%
		区位优势度	i省高铁线路密度与各省平均水平之比/%

目标层	准则层	指标层	测算方法
快速交通	高速公路	路网密度	i省高速公路里程与国土面积之比/(km/km²)
		路网衔接性	i省高速公路里程与公路总里程之比/%
		干线影响力	i省日均公路客运量/(万人/日)
		通车覆盖率	i省高速公路通车地级市比例/%
		区位优势度	i省高速公路线路密度与各省平均水平之比/%
	民航	通航密度	i省日均飞机起降架次/(架次/日)
		机场等级	依据机场飞行区等级，3C、4C、4D、4E、4F依次计2、4、6、8、10分并求和/分
		机场密度	i省机场数量与国土面积之比/(个/km²)
		通航覆盖率	i省民航通航地级市比例/%
		枢纽影响力	i省日均旅客吞吐量/(万人/日)
		区位优势度	i省民航通航密度与各省平均水平之比/%
	高铁	路网密度	i省高铁里程与国土面积之比/(km/km²)
		站点密度	i省高铁站点数量与国土面积之比/(个/km²)
		站点等级	依据高铁站点等级，四等站、三等站、二等站、一等站、特等站依次计2、4、6、8、10分并求和/分
		干线数量	i省高铁线路数量/条
		通车覆盖率	i省高铁通车地级市比例/%
		区位优势度	i省高铁线路密度与各省平均水平之比/%

目标层	准则层	指标层	单位
旅游生态效率	劳动力投入	旅游业从业人数	万人
	资本投入	旅行社数量	个
		A级景区数量	个
		星级饭店数量	个
	能源投入	旅游业能源消耗量	万吨
	期望产出	旅游收入	亿元
	期望产出	旅游人次	万人次
	非期望产出	旅游碳排放量	万吨

目标层	准则层	指标层	单位
旅游生态效率	劳动力投入	旅游业从业人数	万人
	资本投入	旅行社数量	个
		A级景区数量	个
		星级饭店数量	个
	能源投入	旅游业能源消耗量	万吨
	期望产出	旅游收入	亿元
	期望产出	旅游人次	万人次
	非期望产出	旅游碳排放量	万吨

耦合度	耦合等级	耦合协调度	协调等级	耦合协调度	协调等级
[ 0.0, 0.3 )	低水平耦合	[ 0.0, 0.1 )	极度失调	[ 0.5, 0.6 )	勉强协调
[ 0.3, 0.5 )	拮抗阶段	[ 0.1, 0.2 )	严重失调	[ 0.6, 0.7 )	初级协调
[ 0.5, 0.8 )	磨合阶段	[ 0.2, 0.3 )	中度失调	[ 0.7, 0.8 )	中级协调
[ 0.8, 1.0 )	高水平耦合	[ 0.3, 0.4 )	轻度失调	[ 0.8, 0.9 )	良好协调
		[ 0.4, 0.5 )	濒临失调	[ 0.9, 1.0 ]	优质协调