基于多源数据的武汉半城市化空间识别研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230393

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在多源数据支持下，以武汉市为研究区，从功能、结构、水平、密度四个维度，以社会经济、土地利用、景观、人口四个特征切入，运用Densi-Graph核密度估算和引力模型综合量化半城市化地区的空间范围，分析其空间分布、土地利用及景观格局特征。结果表明：（1）以Densi-Graph法确定核密度等值线阈值拐点界定半城市化空间轮廓，结合基于格网的引力模型法识别半城市化空间集聚中心，能够有效解决数据的行政统计约束造成的特征属性表达不充分问题，实现城乡复杂情景下的多维度定量识别。（2）武汉市2020年半城市化空间面积为1 025.49 km²，占市域总面积的11.97%，围绕城市核心区、武湖、沌口等城市副中心及阳逻、邾城、纸坊等新城中心的外缘呈“圈层+轴向”式发展。（3）半城市化地区主要用地类型为建设用地、耕地和水域，用地构成“半城半乡”，各类用地呈破碎化分布；景观类型具有多样性、异质性和破碎化程度较高的特点。

关键词: 半城市化地区, 空间识别, 多源数据, 引力模型, 武汉

Abstract:

With the support of multi-source data, this paper takes Wuhan as the research area, starts with four dimensions of function, structure, level and density, and starts with four characteristics of social economy, land use, landscape and population, and uses the Densi-Graph and the gravity model to quantify the spatial scope of the peri-urbanization areas comprehensively. On this basis, the paper analyzes the spatial distribution, land use and landscape pattern of peri-urbanization areas. The results show that: (1) Using the Densi-Graph method to determine the threshold point of nuclear density to define the spatial contours of peri-urbanization areas, and combining with the gravity model method based on the grid scale to identify the spatial agglomeration centers of peri-urbanization areas, it can effectively solve the problem that the administrative statistical constraints of the data do not adequately express the characteristic attributes, and realize multi-dimensional quantitative identification under complex urban and rural scenarios. (2) The peri-urbanization area of Wuhan in 2020 is 1 025.43 km², accounting for 6.35% of the total urban area,which is developed in a "circle and axis" pattern around the outer edge of the urban core, Wuhu, Zhuankou and other urban sub-centers and Yangluo, Zhucheng, Zhifang and other new city centers. (3) The main land use types in peri-urbanization areas are construction land, cultivated land and water, and the land use constitutes "half city and half township" with a fragmented distribution, and the landscape types are characterized by diversity, heterogeneity and high degree of fragmentation.

Key words: peri-urbanization areas, spatial identification, multi-source data, gravity model, Wuhan

叶菁, 李东倪, 关昱昕. 基于多源数据的武汉半城市化空间识别研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(11): 120-134.

Jing YE, Dongni LI, Yuxin GUAN. The spatial identification of peri-urbanization areas in Wuhan based on multi-source data[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(11): 120-134.

图/表 11

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维度	指标	指标含义	测算方法
功能	POI数量	城市服务功能：交通设施、住宿、休闲、医疗保健、科教文化、购物、餐饮等服务	对所获取POI数据进行合并、去重处理后，通过 ArcGIS中核密度分析工具测算核密度
结构	建设用地占比农用地占比	土地利用结构和开发强度	将重分类后的土地利用数据与1km×1km格网进行相交分析，利用切分得到的网格数据直接计算每个网格内建设用地/农用地占比
水平	景观紊乱度	景观复杂程度	基于土地利用数据，统计每个1km×1km网格内不同类型土地的面积，再用信息熵模型计算各网格的景观紊乱度值
密度	人口密度	人口集聚水平	通过 ArcGIS 10.2 “值提取至点”工具获得每个公里网格内的人口数据

维度	指标	指标含义	测算方法
功能	POI数量	城市服务功能：交通设施、住宿、休闲、医疗保健、科教文化、购物、餐饮等服务	对所获取POI数据进行合并、去重处理后，通过 ArcGIS中核密度分析工具测算核密度
结构	建设用地占比农用地占比	土地利用结构和开发强度	将重分类后的土地利用数据与1km×1km格网进行相交分析，利用切分得到的网格数据直接计算每个网格内建设用地/农用地占比
水平	景观紊乱度	景观复杂程度	基于土地利用数据，统计每个1km×1km网格内不同类型土地的面积，再用信息熵模型计算各网格的景观紊乱度值
密度	人口密度	人口集聚水平	通过 ArcGIS 10.2 “值提取至点”工具获得每个公里网格内的人口数据

行政区域	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	总计	总计占比/%
江岸区	0.86	0.37	0.67	7.77	29.62	39.29	3.83
江汉区	—	—	—	0.00	1.23	1.23	0.12
硚口区	0.31	0.14	1.20	1.13	7.63	10.41	1.02
汉阳区	0.05	0.08	4.77	11.53	63.97	80.40	7.84
武昌区	—	0.02	—	6.49	5.53	12.04	1.17
青山区	—	—	—	4.19	30.83	35.02	3.42
洪山区	12.59	7.27	7.05	41.66	142.48	211.05	20.58
东西湖区	10.67	1.05	2.70	6.97	80.65	102.04	9.95
汉南区	1.14	0.09	0.12	1.64	8.16	11.16	1.09
蔡甸区	6.58	0.35	1.72	12.29	87.88	108.82	10.61
江夏区	10.89	6.47	9.96	14.73	120.80	162.85	15.88
黄陂区	48.15	2.63	3.33	40.35	86.36	180.81	17.63
新洲区	11.74	1.58	3.54	9.13	44.36	70.36	6.86
总计	102.98	20.06	35.07	157.88	709.50	1 025.49	100.00

行政区域	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	总计	总计占比/%
江岸区	0.86	0.37	0.67	7.77	29.62	39.29	3.83
江汉区	—	—	—	0.00	1.23	1.23	0.12
硚口区	0.31	0.14	1.20	1.13	7.63	10.41	1.02
汉阳区	0.05	0.08	4.77	11.53	63.97	80.40	7.84
武昌区	—	0.02	—	6.49	5.53	12.04	1.17
青山区	—	—	—	4.19	30.83	35.02	3.42
洪山区	12.59	7.27	7.05	41.66	142.48	211.05	20.58
东西湖区	10.67	1.05	2.70	6.97	80.65	102.04	9.95
汉南区	1.14	0.09	0.12	1.64	8.16	11.16	1.09
蔡甸区	6.58	0.35	1.72	12.29	87.88	108.82	10.61
江夏区	10.89	6.47	9.96	14.73	120.80	162.85	15.88
黄陂区	48.15	2.63	3.33	40.35	86.36	180.81	17.63
新洲区	11.74	1.58	3.54	9.13	44.36	70.36	6.86
总计	102.98	20.06	35.07	157.88	709.50	1 025.49	100.00

景观格局指数	缩写	城市核心区	半城市化地区	乡村
斑块密度	PD	0.358 2	2.829 7	4.720 5
最大斑块指数	LPI	47.398 8	17.298 8	16.041 7
景观形状指数	LSI	4.437 2	23.576 4	78.810 5
蔓延度	CONTAG	86.804 1	64.974 3	62.898 2
景观结合度指数	COHESION	99.709 0	99.261 0	99.758 2
香农多样性	SHDI	0.376 8	0.966 1	1.093 8
香农均匀度	SHEI	0.234 1	0.600 3	0.610 5
景观聚集度指数	AI	99.034 7	96.500 8	94.904 6