Research on the Indonesian capital relocation plan under the push and pull of multi-scale geopolitical elements

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.11.2021718

Abstract

Abstract:

Indonesia is the most populous country and the largest economy in ASEAN. It is also the initiative of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road". In 2019, the Indonesian government officially launched the capital relocation plan, moving the capital from Jakarta to North Penajam Paser County and Kutai Kartanegara County in East Kalimantan Province. This paper tries to use the global-nation-local multi-scale geopolitical analysis framework, and draws on the push-pull theory of population movement to analyze the background, motivation and impact of Indonesia's capital relocation, and explore the geopolitical impact of Indonesia's capital relocation on Indonesia's own country, Southeast Asia and the overall cooperation between China and ASEAN. The study found that the relocation of Indonesia's capital is aimed at implementing the strategies of "Global Maritime Fulcrum" and "Marine Power", satisfying the demand for balanced development of territorial space, and alleviating the urban construction problems of Jakarta. At the same time, the relocation of the capital is also faced with various obstacles and difficulties in terms of resources and environment, funding preparations, public opinion, laws and regulations, and the impact of the epidemic.

Key words: Indonesia, capital relocation, geopolitics, multi-scale, push-pull theory, "Belt and Road" Initiative

摘要：

印度尼西亚是东盟人口第一大国和最大的经济体，亦是建构“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的首倡地。2019年，印尼政府正式启动迁都计划，将首都从雅加达迁往东加里曼丹省的北佩纳扬巴塞尔县和库泰卡塔内加拉县。本文尝试运用全球-国家-地方的多尺度地缘政治分析框架，并借鉴人口迁移的推拉理论，对印尼迁都的背景、动因和影响进行分析，探究印尼迁都对本国、东南亚地区及中国-东盟全面合作的地缘政治影响。研究发现，印尼迁都旨在贯彻“全球海洋支点”和“海洋强国”战略，满足国土空间均衡发展的诉求，缓解雅加达城市建设问题等。同时，迁都也面临着资源环境、资金筹备、社会舆论、法规机制、疫情影响等多方面的阻力与困难。

关键词: 印度尼西亚, 迁都, 地缘政治, 多尺度, 推拉理论, “一带一路”倡议

Yue PAN, Tao SONG, Fuyu LI. Research on the Indonesian capital relocation plan under the push and pull of multi-scale geopolitical elements[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(11): 57-68.

潘玥, 宋涛, 李富玉. 多尺度地缘政治要素推拉作用下的印度尼西亚迁都计划研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(11): 57-68.

Figures/Tables 2

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任次	总统姓名	任期	迁都计划
1	苏加诺（Soekarno）	1945—1967	雅加达→帕朗卡拉亚（Palangkaraya）
2	苏哈托（Soeharto）	1967—1998	雅加达→乔果尔（Joggol）
3	哈比比（Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie）	1998—1999	雅加达→南苏拉威西省西达拉普（Sidrap）
4	瓦希德（Abdurrahman Wahid）	1999—2001	—
5	梅加瓦蒂（Megawati Soekarnoputri）	2001—2004	—
6	苏西洛（Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono）	2004—2014	雅加达→中爪哇省普禾加多的巴尤马斯（Banyumas）
7	佐科·维多多（Joko Widodo）	2014—2024	雅加达→帕朗卡拉亚（Palangkaraya）

任次	总统姓名	任期	迁都计划
1	苏加诺（Soekarno）	1945—1967	雅加达→帕朗卡拉亚（Palangkaraya）
2	苏哈托（Soeharto）	1967—1998	雅加达→乔果尔（Joggol）
3	哈比比（Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie）	1998—1999	雅加达→南苏拉威西省西达拉普（Sidrap）
4	瓦希德（Abdurrahman Wahid）	1999—2001	—
5	梅加瓦蒂（Megawati Soekarnoputri）	2001—2004	—
6	苏西洛（Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono）	2004—2014	雅加达→中爪哇省普禾加多的巴尤马斯（Banyumas）
7	佐科·维多多（Joko Widodo）	2014—2024	雅加达→帕朗卡拉亚（Palangkaraya）

尺度	迁都推力	迁都拉力	迁都阻力
国际	“一带一路”、印尼“海洋强国战略”、旧都海运设施落后	增强自身海洋发展能力、印尼港口建设、国际经贸网络拓张	—
国家	政治遗产延续、平衡区域发展格局、缓解贫困问题	重塑印尼民族主义和政治治理格局	其他党派反对、合法合规性、NGO对于环境的顾虑、有限的国家预算
地方	雅加达人口、交通堵塞、经济不平等、土地、供水、内涝、暴力和犯罪数量激增等城市问题	新都自然环境承载力较大、地质灾害威胁小、区位优势、基础设施基础	群众对于收益平等、贫困、民族社会割裂的担忧，自然保护区的保护要求

尺度	迁都推力	迁都拉力	迁都阻力
国际	“一带一路”、印尼“海洋强国战略”、旧都海运设施落后	增强自身海洋发展能力、印尼港口建设、国际经贸网络拓张	—
国家	政治遗产延续、平衡区域发展格局、缓解贫困问题	重塑印尼民族主义和政治治理格局	其他党派反对、合法合规性、NGO对于环境的顾虑、有限的国家预算
地方	雅加达人口、交通堵塞、经济不平等、土地、供水、内涝、暴力和犯罪数量激增等城市问题	新都自然环境承载力较大、地质灾害威胁小、区位优势、基础设施基础	群众对于收益平等、贫困、民族社会割裂的担忧，自然保护区的保护要求

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