Abstract:

National parks play a crucial role in preserving natural ecosystems and promoting sustainable development in the region. The construction of national parks in Asia has undergone stages of conceptualization, flourishing development, and stable growth, with variations influenced by each country's geographical and cultural resources. Analyzing the construction models and characteristics of representative countries, it is evident that the establishment of national parks in most Asian countries was initiated under colonial government leadership. These parks are primarily developed for environmental conservation, tourism economic value, and wildlife protection purposes. The governments typically assign specific departments to manage the national parks, and a combination of government, community, and corporate involvement is employed for their day-to-day operations. Effective measures found in existing national parks in Asia include the active participation of stakeholders, the establishment of diverse types of national parks, the integration of nature conservation with tourism and recreation, and the allocation of different zones for park usage. These experiences may provide valuable insights for the construction of national parks in our own country.

Key words: national park, Asia, Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Israel

摘要：

国家公园可以保护自然生态资源，促进地区的可持续发展。亚洲国家公园的建设历经理念萌芽、建设繁荣和稳定发展三个阶段，并因各国的地理环境和文化资源而异。梳理典型国家的国家公园建设模式和特征，发现亚洲多数国家的国家公园建设是在殖民地政府的主导下开始建立的，各国建设国家公园主要基于环境保护、旅游经济、野生动物保护等的目的，政府都会指派相关部门来专门负责国家公园的管理，一般会采取政府、社区、企业相结合来完成日常运营工作。利益相关者共同参与、构建多类型的国家公园、自然保护与旅游娱乐并举、公园分区使用等是亚洲现有国家公园的有效举措，或能为我国建设国家公园提供有益启示。

关键词: 国家公园, 亚洲, 菲律宾, 日本, 印度尼西亚, 哈萨克斯坦, 以色列