Analysis on the characteristics and influencing factors of relative poverty in Karst Mountain Area

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.04.20220134

Abstract

Abstract:

Relative poverty is one of the issues that need to be tackled in global poverty reduction. Taking the Huajiang demonstration area in Guizhou Province in Southwest China as an example, the authors constructed a relative poverty measurement system with three dimensions of living standard, viability and economic status from the perspective of social deprivation, conducted a quantitative study on the relative poverty of a sample of 581 households in the Huajiang demonstration area, analysed the spatial characteristics of the relatively poor households, and detected the geographical factors affecting poverty. The results show that: (1) farmers living in locations with high altitude, large slope and undulating terrain are more likely to suffer from relative poverty; (2) natural factors are the dominant force affecting relative poverty, and are the basis for the formation, development and evolution of relative poverty, while social factors also have a certain influence on relative poverty. At the same time, the interaction detection of the Geographic Probe shows that there are significant interactions among the factors. Measuring the relative poverty level of the Huajiang demonstration area and each village group and exploring its influencing factors can provide theoretical references for improving the realisation of the sustainable development of the Huajiang demonstration area and for countries to tackle the challenges of relative poverty in karst mountains.

Key words: rural areas, relative poverty, spatial distribution, geographical detection, Karst Mountainous Area

摘要：

相对贫困是当前实现可持续发展目标重点关注的问题之一。研究从社会剥夺的视角，构建生活水平、可行能力和经济状况3个维度的相对贫困测度体系，对贵州省花江示范区581户农户的相对贫困进行了定量研究，分析其空间特征，并运用地理探测器探测影响贫困的地理要素，结果显示：①花江示范区相对贫困程度较深，贫富差距较大，相对贫困农户的生活水平和可行能力较差；②地处海拔高、坡度大、地形起伏度大的区域农户更容易陷入相对贫困；③地理探测器的交互作用探测显示各因子间有显著的交互作用，自然因素是影响相对贫困的主导力量，是相对贫困形成、发展及演化的基础，社会因素对相对贫困也具有一定影响。测度花江示范区相对贫困水平，探究其影响因素，这对于实现花江示范区区域可持续发展以及各国应对喀斯特山区相对贫困的难题具有较好的理论意义。

关键词: 农村, 相对贫困, 空间分布, 地理探测, 喀斯特山区

Jiashuo ZHANG, Zhongfa ZHOU, Changli ZHU, Guoxuan MA, Zihao NIU. Analysis on the characteristics and influencing factors of relative poverty in Karst Mountain Area[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(4): 179-188.

张家硕, 周忠发, 朱昌丽, 马国璇, 牛子浩. 喀斯特山区相对贫困特征及影响因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(4): 179-188.

Figures/Tables 6

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维度	指标	释义与赋值	组合权重
生活水平	人均住房面积（M1）	住房面积/家庭成员数量	0.043
	饮用水是否安全（M2）	饮用水是否安全，二分变量，安全为1，不安全为0	0.083
	家庭生活耐用品数量（M3）	包括彩色电视、洗衣机、热水器、饮水机、电脑、电暖炉、燃气灶等生活耐用品的数量	0.124
	家庭能源消耗（M4）	家庭主要能源消耗是否为清洁能源，是为1，否为0	0.119
可行能力	适龄劳动力人数（F1）	在16-65周岁之间的人数	0.140
	平均受教育年限（F2）	家庭成员总受教育年限/家庭成员数量	0.136
	医疗保险（F3）	是否全家参与城乡医疗保险，二分变量，是为1，否为0	0.130
经济状况	家庭年人均收入（E1）	家庭年度总收入/家庭总人口	0.030
	务工收入占比（E2）	务工收入/总收入	0.052
	农业收入占比(E3)	务农收入/总收入	0.044

维度	指标	释义与赋值	组合权重
生活水平	人均住房面积（M1）	住房面积/家庭成员数量	0.043
	饮用水是否安全（M2）	饮用水是否安全，二分变量，安全为1，不安全为0	0.083
	家庭生活耐用品数量（M3）	包括彩色电视、洗衣机、热水器、饮水机、电脑、电暖炉、燃气灶等生活耐用品的数量	0.124
	家庭能源消耗（M4）	家庭主要能源消耗是否为清洁能源，是为1，否为0	0.119
可行能力	适龄劳动力人数（F1）	在16-65周岁之间的人数	0.140
	平均受教育年限（F2）	家庭成员总受教育年限/家庭成员数量	0.136
	医疗保险（F3）	是否全家参与城乡医疗保险，二分变量，是为1，否为0	0.130
经济状况	家庭年人均收入（E1）	家庭年度总收入/家庭总人口	0.030
	务工收入占比（E2）	务工收入/总收入	0.052
	农业收入占比(E3)	务农收入/总收入	0.044

维度	最小值	平均值	最大值	上四分位	中位数	下四分位
生活水平	0.000	0.159	0.483	0.000	0.122	0.330
可行能力	0.160	0.375	0.583	0.304	0.365	0.449
经济状况	0.000	0.044	0.246	0.011	0.024	0.052
相对贫困总指数	0.073	0.190	0.245	0.167	0.199	0.220

维度	最小值	平均值	最大值	上四分位	中位数	下四分位
生活水平	0.000	0.159	0.483	0.000	0.122	0.330
可行能力	0.160	0.375	0.583	0.304	0.365	0.449
经济状况	0.000	0.044	0.246	0.011	0.024	0.052
相对贫困总指数	0.073	0.190	0.245	0.167	0.199	0.220

要素	q	p	Pearson相关性
每千人教师数量（X1）	0.246^***	0.000	0.124^**
每千人医生数量（X2）	0.179^***	0.000	0.254^**
路网密度（X3）	0.246^***	0.000	0.310^*
人均耕地面积（X4）	0.246^***	0.000	0.061^*
海拔（X5）	0.255^**	0.003	－0.310^**
坡度（X6）	0.193^***	0.003	－0.191^**
石漠化面积比重（X7）	0.188^***	0.000	－0.149^**