Distribution of nature protected areas and its relationship with human activity intensity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.04.2019131

Abstract

Abstract:

Human activity intensity of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is calculated based on the data of land use type in 2015.Distribution characteristics of six types of nature protected areas, such as nature reserve, scenic and historical area, are analyzed by using the nearest point index, geographical concentration index and disequilibrium index. The paper quantitatively revealed the relationship between the spatial distribution of protected areas and human activity intensity, aiming to provide a scientific basis for establishing the management and control strategies of various types of nature protected areas based on human activity intensity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.Results showed that:1) Proportions of high,medium-high,medium,medium-low and low intensity zones in the research area are 3.74%, 9.83%, 14.98%, 30.81% and 40.63% respectively; the high-grade intensity zones are mainly distributed in plain areas such as the Yangtze River Delta Plain and Jianghan Plain, while the low-grade intensity zones are mainly distributed in mountainous areas such as Qinling Mountains and Wuling Mountains.2) Spatial distribution types of wetland park, forest park, scenic and historical area and geopark are uniform type, while water park and nature reserve are aggregate type; the spatial distribution of various protected areas are uneven.3) Density of wetland park, forest park, water park, nature reserve, scenic and historical area and geopark are the highest in medium, high, high, low, medium-low and low intensity zones respectively. The contradiction between people and protected areas is more prominent in the high-grade intensity zones. Protection of natural protected areas and control of human activities should be strengthened.

Key words: protected area, human activity intensity, spatial distribution, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

摘要：

以2015年土地利用类型数据为基础，计算长江中下游流域人类活动强度，采用最邻近指数、地理集中指数和不均衡指数分析研究区自然保护区、风景名胜区等六类国家级自然保护地分布特征，并定量揭示保护地空间分布与人类活动强度的关系，旨在为长江中下游流域建立基于人类活动强度的各类自然保护地管控策略提供科学依据。结果表明：1）人类活动高、较高、中、较低和低强度带在研究区的占比分别为3.74%、9.83%、14.98%、30.81%和40.63%；高等级强度带主要分布在长江三角洲平原、江汉平原等平原区，低等级强度带主要分布在秦岭山区、武陵山区等山地丘陵区。2）湿地公园、森林公园、风景名胜区和地质公园的空间分布类型为均匀型，水利风景区和自然保护区为凝聚型；六类保护地在各人类活动强度带空间分布不均衡。3）湿地公园、森林公园、水利风景区、自然保护区、风景名胜区和地质公园分别在中、较高、高、低、较低和低强度带密度最大；在高等级强度带“人地”矛盾更突出，应加强对自然保护地的保护力度和人类活动管控，尤其针对湿地公园、森林公园和水利风景区。

关键词: 自然保护地, 人类活动强度, 空间分布, 长江中下游

Yanyan JIA, Xiaolan TANG, Zhuoran ZHANG. Distribution of nature protected areas and its relationship with human activity intensity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(4): 845-855.

贾艳艳, 唐晓岚, 张卓然. 长江中下游流域自然保护地空间分布及其与人类活动强度关系研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(4): 845-855.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Location and geomorphic type of the research area

Fig.2 Landscape types of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin in 2015

Tab.1 Conversion index of construction land equivalent

一级类型	二级类型	特征	CI
耕地	水田/旱地	表层自然覆被种植1年生作物，已改变	0.2
林地	有林地/疏林地/灌木林	表层自然覆被未被利用，未改变	0
林地	未成林造林地/苗圃/各类园地（茶园、桑园、果园等）	表层自然覆被种植多年生植物，已改变	0.133
草地	天然牧草地/改良牧草地	表层自然覆被被利用，但未改变	0.067
建设用地	城镇用地/农村居民点/交通用地/独立工矿/特殊用地	表层有人工隔层，空气、热量、水分、养分交换阻滞	1
湿地	河渠/湖泊/滩涂/滩地/沼泽地	表层自然覆被未被利用，未改变	0
湿地	库塘	表层自然覆被改变，空气和热量交换阻滞	0.6
未利用地	裸地/沙地/盐碱地	表层自然覆被未被利用，未改变	0

Fig.3 The spatial distribution of human activity intensity and nature protected areas in the research area

Tab.2 Nearest neighbor ratio of nature protected areas in the research area

保护地类型	实测平均距离 $r ¯$ /km	理论平均距离 $r ¯ E$ /km	最邻近指数R	空间分布类型
湿地公园	34.5432	30.4864	1.1331	均匀分布
森林公园	33.8863	31.0101	1.0927	均匀分布
水利风景区	33.4755	34.7349	0.9637	凝聚分布
自然保护区	47.6668	48.3771	0.9853	凝聚分布
风景名胜区	58.9578	55.5276	1.0618	均匀分布
地质公园	81.4971	66.4435	1.2266	均匀分布
所有保护地	13.6776	15.9662	0.8567	凝聚分布

Tab.2 Nearest neighbor ratio of nature protected areas in the research area

保护地类型	实测平均距离 $r ¯$ /km	理论平均距离 $r ¯ E$ /km	最邻近指数R	空间分布类型
湿地公园	34.5432	30.4864	1.1331	均匀分布
森林公园	33.8863	31.0101	1.0927	均匀分布
水利风景区	33.4755	34.7349	0.9637	凝聚分布
自然保护区	47.6668	48.3771	0.9853	凝聚分布
风景名胜区	58.9578	55.5276	1.0618	均匀分布
地质公园	81.4971	66.4435	1.2266	均匀分布
所有保护地	13.6776	15.9662	0.8567	凝聚分布

Tab.3 Equilibrium characteristics of various types of nature protected areas in the research area

均衡性指标	湿地公园	森林公园	水利风景区	自然保护区	风景名胜区	地质公园
地理集中指数G	49.2172	54.1983	49.1602	69.7623	55.8270	65.0016
不均衡指数S	0.3158	0.4554	0.3190	0.7083	0.5159	0.6705

Fig.4 Density of nature protected areas in different human activity intensity zones

Tab.4 Numbers of nature protected areas in all human activity intensity zones

强度带	湿地公园		森林公园		水利风景区		自然保护区		风景名胜区		地质公园
强度带	数量 /个	占比 /%	数量 /个	占比 /%	数量 /个	占比 /%	数量 /个	占比 /%	数量 /个	占比 /%	数量 /个	占比 /%
高	11	5.26	14	6.93	22	13.50	2	2.38	2	3.17	1	2.27
较高	29	13.88	15	7.43	14	8.59	2	2.38	4	6.35	2	4.55
中	49	23.44	26	12.87	29	17.79	11	13.10	10	15.87	4	9.09
较低	57	27.27	67	33.17	56	34.36	13	15.48	21	33.33	11	25.00
低	63	30.14	80	39.60	42	25.77	56	66.67	26	41.27	26	59.09
总计	209	100	202	100	163	100	84	100	63	100	44	100

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