Abstract:

This paper analyzed the current situation and criteria for inscription of the world heritage properties in Africa, using spatial analysis and statistical methods. It was found that: 1) the distribution of world heritage properties in Africa region is characterized by regional agglomeration, close to densely populated and economically developed areas, along the coastlines and rivers; 2) from the perspective of spatial distribution equilibrium, the distribution of world heritage properties shows an unbalanced pattern, more in the east and north while fewer in the west and south; 3) the spatial distribution of the world heritage properties is the result of comprehensive effects of natural environment, regional economy, population, and urbanization level; 4) The inscribed cultural heritage properties mainly include cultural landscape, historic town and ancient civilization. The heritage route type is supplemented in the tentative lists of Africa region. The inscribed natural heritage properties are mostly related with biological habitats and geomorphologic landscapes. A few geological heritage properties are inscribed on the tentative list. Generally speaking, Africa region should pay more attention to the nomination of natural heritage, mixed heritage and transnational heritage, improve the nomination mechanism of world heritage, and encourage states parties with no world heritages to submit proposals.

Key words: world heritage, Africa, spatial distribution, criteria for inscription, world heritage nomination strategies

摘要：

以非洲地区的世界遗产为研究对象，利用空间分析和数理统计方法，分析非洲地区世界遗产的现状及列入标准，在此基础上提出非洲地区世界遗产的申报建议。结果显示：1）非洲地区的世界遗产具有区域集聚、临近人口密集和经济发达地区、沿海岸线和沿河流分布的特征。2）在空间分布上具有明显的非均衡性，呈现出东多西少、北多南少的分布态势。3）该地区的世界遗产分布是自然环境、经济水平、人口数量、城镇化水平等多因素共同作用的结果。4）现有文化遗产多涉及文化景观、历史城镇和古代文明，预备项目在遗产线路类型有所补充。自然遗产多涉及生物栖息和地貌景观，预备项目仍旧仅有少量的地质遗迹。总的来说，非洲地区的世界遗产申报工作应该在自然遗产、混合遗产、跨国遗产方面努力，完善世界遗产申报机制，鼓励无世界遗产的缔约国申报遗产。

关键词: 世界遗产, 非洲, 空间格局, 列入标准, 申遗策略