主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

World Regional Studies ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 50-66.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.07.20240863

Previous Articles     Next Articles

The pattern and robustness of global trade network of electric vehicles from a supply-chain perspective

Yongli ZHANG(), Tianzehao GONG()   

  1. School of Economics and Management, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2025-05-21 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-24
  • Contact: Tianzehao GONG

产业链视角下电动汽车全球贸易网络格局与抗毁性分析

张永礼(), 巩田泽昊()   

  1. 天津科技大学经济与管理学院,天津 300222
  • 通讯作者: 巩田泽昊
  • 作者简介:张永礼(1982—),男,教授,博士,研究方向为商业大数据分析,E-mail:ylizh@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BTJ049)

Abstract:

As a substitute for traditional fuel-powered vehicles, electric vehicles play a pivotal role in achieving energy substitution and environmental sustainability. This study examines the electric vehicle industrial chain from upstream lithium carbonate, midstream lithium batteries, to downstream electric vehicles. Using import data from global electric vehicle trading nations spanning January 2015 to December 2023, this paper employs complex network models to analyze trade network characteristics and structural evolution across the industrial chain. The largest connected subgraph serves as an indicator to evaluate the robustness of different segments. Findings reveal that midstream lithium battery and downstream electric vehicle trade networks exhibit distinct small-world characteristics, with the upstream network being the smallest,the midstream network demonstrating the largest scale. China and Germany dominate key import/export and intermediary roles in upstream trade, while China and the US emerge as pivotal players in midstream and downstream networks. China consistently maintains core status across all three segments, particularly excelling in midstream lithium battery centrality. Structural hole advantages are evident for China, the US, and Germany within the industrial chain. Different segments and attack strategies yield varied network impacts, with targeted attacks on core nations proving most disruptive. Notably, upstream lithium carbonate networks display the weakest robustness, contrasting with midstream lithium batteries' superior robustness. This research enriches industrial chain trade network studies by mapping trade advantage dynamics and evaluating network robustness across electric vehicle supply chains, filling critical gaps in current academic understanding.

Key words: electric vehicles, industrial chain, robustness, core-edge, complex network

摘要:

电动汽车产业是实现能源结构转型、促进环境可持续发展的重要环节。本文基于产业链视角,选择碳酸锂、锂电池、电动汽车作为电动汽车产业链上、中、下游的代表产品,收集2015年至2023年全球电动汽车贸易国家的进口数据,运用复杂网络模型分析了电动汽车产业链贸易网络特征与格局演变,并以最大连通子图为指标,评估了电动汽车产业链不同环节的抗毁性。研究表明:中游锂电池和下游电动汽车贸易网络呈现典型的小世界特性,网络规模上游最小,中游最大;上游的关键进出口及中介国家是中国和德国,中、下游的关键进出口及中介国家是中国和美国;中国上、中、下游三个环节的核心度均处于核心国家行列,尤其中游锂电池的核心度最高;中国、美国和德国在电动汽车产业链中具有结构洞优势;不同环节和攻击方式对贸易网络的影响存在差异,针对核心国家的蓄意攻击对网络的破坏性最强;其中,上游碳酸锂贸易网络的抗毁性最差,中游锂电池贸易网络抗毁性最好。本文以电动汽车产业链为对象,分析贸易国进出口优势变化,并研究各环节贸易网络的抗毁性。该研究有助于拓展产业链贸易网络的分析维度,可为评估电动汽车供应链的系统稳定性与风险传导路径提供实证参考。

关键词: 电动汽车, 产业链, 抗毁性, “核心-边缘”, 复杂网络