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15 October 2018, Volume 27 Issue 05 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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2018, 27(05): 1-11.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1010KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial evolution and its external driving mechanism of “free” ratings pattern in Europe 2018, 27(05): 12-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (953KB) ( )   The paper analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe based on the data from Country Reports on Human Rights Practices of the U.S, economic sanctions and military interventions of western countries. In addition, this paper also explored the external driving mechanism of the spatial and temporal evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe. Conclusions are as follows: ①The Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation of “free” ratings in Europe declines, which means relative and absolute difference narrowing. ②The number of “free” country increases obviously, whose spatial distribution diffused from Southern, Western and Northern Europe to Eastern and Central Europe; The number of “partly free” country does not change basically, whose spatial distribution shifts from Central and Grand Duchies to Eastern and Southeast Europe; The number of “not free” country declines markedly, whose spatial distribution shifts from Eastern, Southeast and Central Europe to Belarus and Russia. ③The countries in Europe with similar “free” ratings tend to be concentrated in spatial distribution; There exits three aggregation modes: H-H aggregation regions located in Western Europe; L-L aggregation regions located in Eastern and Southeast Europe; H-L aggregation regions located in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. ④The paper has explored out the external driving mechanism of the spatial and temporal evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe：Firstly, the U.S criticizes target countries in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, which guides the evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe. Secondly, economic sanctions are the behavioral extension and concrete measure of the accusation for non-Western European countries in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, which change the “free” ratings pattern in Europe indirectly. Lastly, military interventions change the “free” ratings pattern in Europe directly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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‘THAAD’ and Chinese mass’s geopolitical view of East Asia: An analytical perspective from critical geopolitics 2018, 27(05): 22-32.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1118KB) ( )   Under the background of South Korea’s deployment of ‘Terminal High Altitude Area Defense’(THAAD), this paper explores the high-reading Internet articles (with over 30,000 clicks) from unofficial wechat organizations and by so doing discusses the mass Chinese’s understanding of the East Asian geopolitics, in particular their understandings of the inter-state relations among China, the US and South Korea. Based on the content analysis and the textual analysis of these 75 articles chosen from the top-100 influential wechat organizations in China, this article has four conclusions: (1) the mass Chinese’s discussions of ‘THAAD’ firstly focus on the representations of the East Asian geopolitical patterns, and on this basis these wechat discussions construct a negative image of the Korean-US alliance; (2) the deployment of ‘THAAD’ to a notable extent ignites the Chinese people’s patriotic emotion thereby promoting the mass Chinese’s construction of the South Korean as a ‘irresponsible state’ and strengthening their disgusting emotion; (3) the South Korean and the US’s military and political activity of deploying ‘THAAD’ in the Korean Peninsula have forged the mass Chinese to know about this military system, and on this basis such representation has further strengthened the geopolitical realities that the US and the South Korean have threatened regional security and national security in East Asia; (4) taking ‘THAAD’ as an entry point, the mass Chinese pay more attention to the negative news of the South Korean and thus worsened the national image of South Korea. The negative geopolitical representations of ‘THAAD’, the US and South Korea is echoing with facts of the US and South Korea’s threats to East Asia and is echoing with the official attitude of China. Such an echo to a great extent have given pressure on the US and South Korea. Moreover, this echoing also makes the official attitude towards ‘THAAD’ and South Korea be legitimated and popularized within China. In this sense, this paper can be read as a contribution to the shortage of critical geopolitical study in China, and certainly it also has significance on the practical level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study on combating desertification policies and regulations in “Central Asia - West Asia Economic Corridor” typical countries 2018, 27(05): 33-41.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1083KB) ( )   Land desertification is one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems in the world, and is an important part of global change research. Desertification not only threatens the human living environment, but also an important factor restricting global economic development and affecting social stability. “Central Asia - West Asia Economic Corridor” is one of the six economic corridors in “The Belt and Road”, which facing serious desertification problems. This paper focuses on the analysis of the characteristics, functions and functions of the four countries of Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Israel and China concerning the policies and regulations of desertification control in the “Central Asia-West Asian Economic Corridor”. It is better for enterprises and institutions to participate in local related industries Cooperation and development, to promote “The Belt and Road” construction, to provide reference for desertification control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal and spatial influences of Boten-Vientiane Railway on Tourism Economic linkages along Railway lines 2018, 27(05): 42-51.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2821KB) ( )   Abstract: Taking the construction of Boten-Vientiane railway as background, using Arc GIS network analysis technology, aiming at characteristic of tourism economy system and transportation system in research area. This paper constructs traffic accessibility index model and tourism economic linkage potential model. Based on this, this paper expounds the significance of changing traffic conditions on spatial pattern evolution of regional accessibility, and discusses the coordination between tourism and traffic through spatial variability rate of tourism economic linkages potential. Furthermore, it analyzes the influence of daily accessibility variation caused by high speed rail on spatial differentiation of isotime circle. The results show that railway construction can improve comprehensive location conditions of transportation and tourism in research area and has obvious spatiotemporal compression effect on tourism economic linkages potential among cities. Although polarization phenomenon still exists in tourism development level pattern, spatial differences are decreasing continuously. Overall, the opening of high-speed rail promotes the formation of tourism economic belt along high railway , along with accelerating tourism industrial cluster formation and development, which will greatly affect the tourism economy development of Laos. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis and Enlightenment on the Murray-Darling Basin Reform 2018, 27(05): 52-59.  Abstract ( )   PDF (830KB) ( )   Under the framework of federal system, the Murray-Darling Basin governance arrangements reform continuously, from state autonomy, to state consultation and coordination to commonwealth governance, in order to deal with the evolving environment and prominent problems in the Basin. The reform conform the international trend of integrated watershed management. There are differences between China and Australia from some aspect, such as national political system and construction, legislation and division of powers in basin management. Especially the current situation is dual legislation for water resource protection and water pollution control, and multi-department management in China. The experience learned from the Murray-Darling Basin reform in governance arrangements is to improve the multi-level cooperation mechanism and combine regional consultation and nation integrated management. It will create the conditions for new river basin governance arrangements in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2018, 27(05): 60-70.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1137KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Characteristics of E-shopping Behavior of ChengDu Residents—Viewpoints Based on Comparative Observation on O2O and C2C 2018, 27(05): 71-81.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1087KB) ( )   Based on the questionnaire survey data, using linear regression and factor analysis method to compare the characteristics of e-shopping behavior of residents in ChengDu. The results show that:(1) Residents are influenced by gender,age,family period, occupation and so on and show obvious motivations including enjoying the process of shopping, cost savings, convenience when doing E-shopping.Compared with O2O,C2C is less limited by age, occupation and houseing conditions.(2) Residents are in favor of convenient factors and cost saving factors,which impacts the traditional theory of business partly. Compared with O2O,C2C tends to reduce distances and save time-costs,and in a state of higher sensitivity of space and time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence Factors of Electronic Information Industry Investment from Taiwan to Mainland China: A Study of Dynamic Influence Based on Agglomeration Effect and Location Cost 2018, 27(05): 82-92.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1259KB) ( )   Electronic information industry belongs to typical high-tech industry and it develops quite fast all over the world in recent years. Electronic information industry is the pillar of Taiwan’s economy and is of vital importance to the Asia and even the whole world. Along with the deepening of opening-up and the development of economy of Mainland China, the investment from Taiwan’s electronic information industry to Mainland China is undergoing great changes. This research takes Taiwanese investment of electronic information industry as an example and studies its investment situation and location selection in investing Mainland China. The investment from Taiwan to Main China’s electronic information industry started from 1990s and experienced three periods: slow increase period (1991-2001), fast increase period (2002-2011) and steady adjustment (from 2001 up to now). The investment location showed a tendency of diffusion and gradually expanded from southeastern coast to inland Central and Western China. The investment transferred from manufacturing department to selling and researching departments. Based on the panel data of Taiwan’s investment to Mainland China’s electronic information industry from 2003 to 2014, this article analyzed the influence of the factors such as economy level, geographical agglomeration, and location cost on investment decision. Empirical studies firstly suggest that agglomeration effect is the most important factor that affects investment and its influence is increasing continuously. Taiwanese businessmen prefer those areas with large exterior market and solid Taiwanese investment foundation. Meanwhile, for overcoming the disadvantage of being non-native, Taiwanese businessmen tend to invest areas with more Taiwan investment. However, along with the familiarization of investment environment, this tendency is gradually becoming narrower. Secondly, the influence of location cost is gradually increasing. The shortage of labor and the increase of cost make the investors pay more attention to the issue of cost, and they try to transfer the highly standardized manufacturing process to inland areas with low labor cost. Environmental regulation makes the cost of controlling pollution grow and thus this has a negative influence on investment attraction. Thirdly, The technology level of the city has some influence on investment decision at a certain stage, but the influence is decreasing because of the gradual improvement of standardized production and there has been no significant influence since 2011. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Spatial Diffusion and Mechanism of Multinational Chain Catering Enterprises——A Case Study of McDonald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken Restaurants in Fuzhou, China 2018, 27(05): 93-104.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1702KB) ( )   Abstract:This paper takes McDonald's and KFC restaurants as the representative of Multinational chain catering enterprises, Mainly studies on the spatial diffusion and mechanism of McDonald's and KFC restaurants within third ring road in Fuzhou from 1994 to 2014 by use of the GIS spatial analysis. The research shows that: Frist, The spatial diffusion of transnational chain catering enterprises within third ring road in Fuzhou follows the rules of "random to cluster to disperse", and distribution of transnational chain catering enterprises are the whole scattered and local agglomeration, the development of agglomeration areas from a single center to multi center, Dongjiekou district, Taijiang district and Wanbao district, which are the Main hot zones of the spatials distribution of restaurants. Second, The restaurants were spread to the East, South and west around the Bayiqi road, and the number of transnational chain catering enterprises in the South and west is more than in the north and east in the future, which is consistent with the commercial spatial structure evolution and the direction of urban spatial expansion. Third, There is unevenly distribtion in the different areas; With the passage of time, there are more and more McDonald's and KFC restaurants in the second ring road and third ring road, so the number of transnational chain catering enterprises gradually tend to be balanced in each ring load; along with the mian line of the subdensity ribbon in the spatial distribution; transnational chain catering enterprises are gathered near the traditional trade area in the spatial distribution. Lastly, the study shows that some factors are affect the spatial diffusion of transnational chain catering enterprises, such as the regional economy, population distribution, road traffic factors, the develompent of urban and policies and regulations and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2018, 27(05): 105-115.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1355KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Public or private space? A feminist geographical analysis of Chaoshan females’ Crochet activities 2018, 27(05): 116-125.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1076KB) ( )   This paper analyzes the over-one-hundred-year history of Chaoshan Crochet, drawing on methods of archives and in-depth interviews. Based on theories of feminist geography, this paper explores the bodily performance of Chaoshan females in the process of taking part in the Crochet activities. Specifically, the Crochet activities in Chaoshan area can be divided into four stages: the colonial march, commune flower garden, family workshop and creative space. In such a long historical process, females’ Crochet activities are continuously engaging with the construction and performativity of their gendered identities. On this basis, this paper challenges the stereotyped image of the Chaoshan females as ‘staying in the household, respecting mother/father in law, being loyal to husband, teaching children, worshipping Gods, boiling soup, and family life based’. Through their Crochet activities, this paper argues, the participation of the economic activities for Chaoshan females has greatly been involved into the process of constructing their identity as ‘economical people’, and their Crochet activities have thus changed their spatial practices and performances. Their spatiality has gradually focused from the private space in this household to the more public realms. In doing so, this paper has contributed to the challenge of the binary framework of the public (the masculine, the economic and the political) and the private (the feminize, the non-economic and non-political)asaformoffeministeconomicgeographicalresearch. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2018, 27(05): 126-135.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1122KB) ( )     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural and proximity mechanism of Chinese intercity innovation network 2018, 27(05): 136-146.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1437KB) ( )   The city is an important space carrier for the implementation of the national innovation-driven development strategy. Constructing intercity innovation network is an important way to promote knowledge spillover between cities, optimize regional innovation resource allocation and improve the innovation competitiveness of cities. Based on joint applications for invention patent of 290 Chinese cities in 2014 mined from State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO), with the help of social network analysis and gravity model approach, this article aims to reveal the topological structure, spatial pattern of Chinese intercity innovation network and tries to analyze the underlying proximity mechanism. The main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, as to topological structure, Chinese intercity innovation network is extensive but low-density and the network connection is relatively loose. Most intercity innovation cooperation is low- intensity, needing further enhancements. In addition, the entire network has an obvious clustering trend and presents a core- periphery structure with hierarchies, of which the center core layer contains only one city-Beijing but the periphery layer contains more than half of the cities. Secondly, as to spatial pattern, taking Hu's line as boundary, the spatial heterogeneity of Chinese intercity innovation network is significant. The network connections are dense and strong in the east but sparse and weak in the west. Similar to geographical distribution characteristic of the network, the city grade is high in the east but low in the west. Moreover, different levels of network flow intensity have significant spatial heterogeneity. Core and sub-core cities are featured by a ‘big scattered and small gathering’ spatial pattern. Last but not least, the test results of negative binomial regression model show that geographical distance is an impediment to Chinese intercity innovation cooperation, which is a powerful refutation of the claim that geography has died. Meanwhile, institutional proximity and technical proximity both have a significant effect on innovation cooperation between Chinese cities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Oversea Tourists’ Points of Interest（POI）in the Center of Shanghai 2018, 27(05): 147-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   The downtown area of Shanghai has rich tourism resources and numerous commercial, historical and cultural blocks, which attracts a lot of tourists every year. This paper touched on the method of mining data by grabbing the POI data from the social network Panoramio. According to the first law of geography, the paper aims to explore the tourists POI spatial static distribution and temporal and spatial dynamic variation by Arcgis, spatial trend surface modeling and so on. The study shows that the number and density distribution of POI is extremely uneven. The high level of the tourism area, large commercial, entertainment area, historic district area presents high degree of concentration, while the areas with dense residential areas gain very limited attention of oversea tourists. The number and distribution of tourists POI also changed greatly by month and time. The study aims to explore tourists' preference, provide guidance of the distribution and management of tourism services and tourist grooming. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Interaction Relationship betweenInbound Business Tourism and FDI ——take Jiangsu Zhejiang and Shanghai as an exampleBAO Fuhua 1，2 ZHU Mei-ning2，3 2018, 27(05): 157-166.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1041KB) ( )   Related data of Inbound Business Tourism (IBT) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai from 1995 to 2014 are chosen to analysis the interaction relationship between them based on the quantitative analysis while Regional differences of their relationships in the three places are also analysized. The results are as follows.①There is a simultaneous development trend of FDI and IBT in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. The main performance is that FDI and IBT in the three provinces shows the same growth and development trend, and the decline trend of its dependence on foreign capital and the IBT accounted proportion are the same.②Based on the nine push and pull equations established by the relevant statistical data, they show that there are interaction relationships between IBT and FDI in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. That is: FDI have pulling effects on IBT in the three provinces, IBT also have driving effects on FDI. ③Further comparative analysis showed that there were certain regional differences in the interaction relationships between IBT and FDI in the three provinces. The pulling effect of FDI on IBT presents a situation as Shanghai＞Jiangsu＞Zhejiang, while the driving effect of IBT on FDI presents a situation as Zhejiang＞Jiangsu＞Guangzhou, which are related to the difference of the economic development focus of the three provinces. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Based on the consideration of resource curse effect of human development index -- Taking the BRICS for example 2018, 27(05): 167-175.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1110KB) ( )   Resource endowment and economic development are the basic condition for the international cooperation of the five BRICS countries. It has a certain practical significance for the study of the BRICS resource dependence degree and economic development level. In this paper, we introduce the human development index into the panel data model to carry on the quantitative analysis, finding the existence of the BRICS’ countries resource curse effect. Material capital investment has a negative impact on the level of human development in the BRICS. Three elements of level of technological innovation, level of opening-up and man capital investment play a promoting role on the influence of human development level of the BRICS. The degrees of resource curse in the BRICS are different. Russia is the highest degree of resource curse, which is a country with serious resource curse. Other countries for the light of the resource curse countries. From the perspective of geography and human development，based on resource curse effect of human development index, this study provides a supplement and suggestion to economics resource curse effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics