Study on the residence-employment change of migrants and its influence on subjective well-being: A case study of Beijing

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.02.2021068

Abstract

Abstract:

Migrants face instability of residence and employment in urban regeneration, which is not conducive to their well-being.This paper built a theoretical framework for the influence of coordinative changes of migrant residences and employment on their subjective well-being, and analyzed the characteristics of migrants' residence-employment change and subjective well-being, as well as the correlation between them. The results show that: (1) Migrants report lower subjective well-being compared with local residents. Migrants without residence or employment changes in the last 5 years report higher subjective well-being than those with residence or employment changes. (2) For residents with the same type of residence or employment changes, their subjective well-being varies with individual characteristics. Compared with migrants who are passive to move, those with active residential change have higher subjective well-being. (3) Employment change and dual change of residence-employment have negative effects on residents' subjective well-being, ceteris paribus. The negative effects have a greater impact on migrants than local residents. (4) Residential change has a positive effect on subjective well-being, and the positive effect is greater for migrants. The main academic contribution of this study is as follows: in the background of rapid urban renewal in China, this research not only explores the correlation between residence or employment changes and subjective well-being, it also expands to the filed of the correlation between dual change of residence-employment and subjective well-being.

Key words: migrants, urban renewal, residence-employment change, subjective well-being, Beijing

摘要：

流动人口在城市更新改造中面临居住与就业的不稳定，不利于其幸福感的提升。基于北京大样本问卷调研数据，分析城市更新背景下流动人口居住-就业变动特征及其对幸福感的影响，结果发现：流动人口的幸福感低于本地人口，不同属性特征的流动人口，其居住-就业变动对应的幸福感水平有所差异；过去5年维持居住与就业稳定的流动人口其幸福感更高，发生居住或就业变动的流动人口幸福感偏低；主动型居住迁移相比于被动型居住迁移对应更高的幸福感；控制人口属性后，就业单项变动及居住-就业双变动对幸福感产生负面影响，且就业变动带来的消极作用对流动人口的影响更大；居住变动对幸福感产生正面影响，且居住变动带来的积极作用对流动人口的影响更大。

关键词: 流动人口, 城市更新, 居住-就业变动, 幸福感, 北京

Yunxiao DANG, Wenzhong ZHANG, Shaohua WU, Lefeng QIU. Study on the residence-employment change of migrants and its influence on subjective well-being: A case study of Beijing[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(2): 59-69.

党云晓, 张文忠, 吴绍华, 邱乐丰. 流动人口居住-就业变动对其幸福感的影响研究——以北京为例[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(2): 59-69.

Figures/Tables 6

References 24

1	严若谷, 周素红, 闫小培. 城市更新之研究. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(8): 947-955.
	YAN R, ZHOU S, YAN X. Studies of urban regeneration. Progress in Geography, 2011, 30(8): 947-955.
2	白南生, 李靖. 农民工就业流动性研究. 管理世界, 2008(7): 70-76.
	BAI N, LI J. Research of rural migrant workers' job mobility. Management Word, 2008(7): 70-76.
3	李志刚, 吴缚龙, 肖扬. 基于全国第六次人口普查数据的广州新移民居住分异研究. 地理研究, 2014, 33(11): 2056-2068.
	LI Z, WU F, XIAO Y. Residential segregation of new migrants in Guangzhou, China: A study of the 6th census. Scientia Geographical Research, 2014, 33(11): 2056-2068.
4	蒋丽, 吴缚龙. 2000-2010年广州外来人口空间分布变动与对多中心城市空间结构影响研究. 现代城市研究, 2014(5): 15-21.
	JIANG L, WU F. Guangzhou non-registered population spatial distribution and impact on poly-centricity spatial structure. Modern Urban Research, 2014(5): 15-21.
5	张智勇. 社会资本与农民工就业. 经济社会体制比较, 2007(6): 123-126.
	ZHANG Z. Social capital and employment of rural migrant workers. Comparative Economic and Social System, 2007(6): 123-126.
6	ZHANG H. The Hukou system's constraints on migrant workers' job mobility in Chinese cities. China Economic Review, 2010, 21(5): 51-64.
7	闫小培, 魏立华, 周锐波. 快速城市化地区城乡关系协调研究: 以广州市"城中村"改造为例. 规划研究, 2004, 28(3): 30-38.
	YAN X, WEI L, ZHOU R. Research on the coordination between urban and rural area in the rapid urbanization with the redevelopment of Guangzhou village-amid-the-city as a case. Planning Study, 2004, 28(3): 30-38.
8	游艳玲, 吴法, 向静静. 城中村改造与低收入流动人口安置研究. 科技促进发展, 2010(7): 25-29.
	YOU Y, WU F, XIANG J. Reform of the village in city and the research on resettlement of low-incoming immigrates. Science and Technology for Development, 2010(7): 25-29.
9	罗利佳, 周春山, 吴沛钊. 珠三角流动人口社会融入与生活满意度期望:结构方程模型的实证分析. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(3): 608-620.
	LUO L, ZHOU C, WU P. A SEM-based study on migrants' assimilation and life satisfaction expectation in Pearl River Delta. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(3): 608-620.
10	李志刚, 刘达, 林赛南. 中国城乡流动人口"回流"研究进展与述评. 人文地理, 2020, 35(1): 1-10.
	LI Z, LIU D, LIN S. A literature review of the study on return floating population in China. Human Geography, 2020, 35(1): 1-10.
11	文乐. 房价对农民工留城意愿的影响研究: 基于流动人口动态监测调查的分析. 地域研究与开发, 2020, 39(4): 163-168.
	WEN L. Impact of housing prices on migrant workers' intention to settle in cities: An empirical study based on the China migrants dynamic . Areal Research and Development, 2020, 39(4): 163-168.
12	林李月, 朱宇, 许丽芳. 流动人口对流入地环境感知及其对定居意愿的影响: 基于福州市的调查. 人文地理, 2016, 31(1): 65-72.
	LIN L, ZHU Y, XU L. The environmental perception and its effect on settlement intention of the floating population: A case study of Fuzhou City. Human Geography, 2016, 31(1): 65-72.
13	汪丽, 李九全. 西安城中村改造中流动人口的空间剥夺: 基于网络文本的分析. 地域研究与开发, 2014, 33(4): 148-152.
	WANG L, LI J. The spatial deprivation of the floating population in the transformation of urban villages in Xi'an City: Analysis based on web text. Areal Research and Development, 2014, 33(4): 148-152.
14	NOWORK B, FINDLAY A, MCCOLLUM D. Linking residential relocation desires and behaviour with life domain satisfaction. Urban Studies, 2018, 55(4): 870-890.
15	GAMBARO L, JOSHI H, LUPTON R. Moving to a better place: Residential mobility among families with young children in the Millennium Cohort Study. Population, Space and Place, 2017, 23(8): 1-14.
16	夏永久, 谈胜. 被动迁居后城市低收入群体生活及满意度研究: 以南京市为例. 规划研究, 2019, 295(6): 11-17.
	XIA Y, TAN S. Study on the life satisfaction of urban low-income groups after passive relocation: A case study of Nanjing. Planning Research, 2019, 295(6): 11-17.
17	邬珊华, 杨忠振, 王璐. 城市化众企事业单位空间格局演变及其员工人居生活质量研究. 地理科学, 2012, 32(11): 1328-1334.
	WU S, YANG Z, WANG L. Spatial distribution of the enterprises and living quality of the employees in the context of urbanization. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(11): 1328-1334.
18	吴缚龙,马润潮,张京祥.转型与重构:中国城市发展多维透视.南京:东南大学出版社,2007.
	WU F, MA R, ZHANG J. Transformation and Reconstruction: A Multidimensional Perspective on China's Urban Development.Nanjing:Publishing House of Southeast University, 2007.
19	吴晓, 宁昱西, 强欢欢, 等. 南京市商业服务业进城务工人员的迁居模式. 经济地理, 2019, 39(7): 39-49.
	WU X, NI Y, QIANG H, et al. Residential mobility mode of migrant worker in commercial service industry in Nanjing City: Based on the integration degree and evolution degree. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(7): 39-49.
20	余建辉, 董冠鹏, 张文忠, 等. 北京市居民居住-就业选择的协同性研究. 地理学报, 2014, 69(2): 147-155.
	YU J, DONG G, ZHANG W, et al. The correlated decision process of house move and job change and its heterogeneity: A case study of Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(2): 147-155.
21	刘扬, 周素红, 张济婷. 城市内部居住迁移对个体健康的影响. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(6): 801-810.
	LIU Y, ZHOU S, ZHANG J. The impact of intra-urban residential mobility on residents' health: A case study in Guangzhou City. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(6): 801-810.
22	BLANCHFLOWER D, OSWALD A. Is well-being u-shaped over the life cycle. Social Science & Medicine, 2008, 66(8):1733-1749.
23	VEENHOVEN R. The Four Qualities of Life: Ordering Concepts and Measures of the Good Life. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2006.
24	DANG Y, CHEN Y, DONG G. Settlement intention of migrants in the Yangtze River Delta, China: The importance of city-scale contextual effects. Population, Space and Place, 2019, 25(8): 1-12.

变量	变量设定与说明（均值/百分比）
发生居住变动	过去5年有变动(42.4%)；没有变动(57.6%)
发生就业变动	过去5年有变动(29.0%)；没有变动(71.0%)
年龄	<20岁(2.8%)；20~29岁(54.4%)；30~39岁(28.1%)；40~49岁(10.4%)；50~59(3.3%)岁；>60岁(1.0%)
性别	男 (54.2%)；女(45.8%)
婚姻	已婚(50.5%)；未婚(48.35%)；离异（1.1%）
家庭月总收入	<3 000(12.5%)；3 000~5 000(27.0%)；5 001~10 000(32.7%)；10 001~15 000(14.4%)；15 001~20 000(7.0%)；20 001~30 000(3.5%)；＞30 000(2.9%)
学历	大专及以上学历(50.9%)；高中及以下学历(49.1%)
家庭人口数	住在一起的家庭总人口平均数(2.470)
就业状况	全职(89.8%)；兼职(4.7%)；家庭主妇(2.0%)；离退休(1.1%)；其他(2.4%)
住房租购情况	购买住房(14.2%)；其他住房情况 (85.8%)
生活满意度评价	非常不满意到非常满意分为五个等级(69.421)
生活开心度评价	非常不开心到非常开心分为五个等级(68.735)

变量	变量设定与说明（均值/百分比）
发生居住变动	过去5年有变动(42.4%)；没有变动(57.6%)
发生就业变动	过去5年有变动(29.0%)；没有变动(71.0%)
年龄	<20岁(2.8%)；20~29岁(54.4%)；30~39岁(28.1%)；40~49岁(10.4%)；50~59(3.3%)岁；>60岁(1.0%)
性别	男 (54.2%)；女(45.8%)
婚姻	已婚(50.5%)；未婚(48.35%)；离异（1.1%）
家庭月总收入	<3 000(12.5%)；3 000~5 000(27.0%)；5 001~10 000(32.7%)；10 001~15 000(14.4%)；15 001~20 000(7.0%)；20 001~30 000(3.5%)；＞30 000(2.9%)
学历	大专及以上学历(50.9%)；高中及以下学历(49.1%)
家庭人口数	住在一起的家庭总人口平均数(2.470)
就业状况	全职(89.8%)；兼职(4.7%)；家庭主妇(2.0%)；离退休(1.1%)；其他(2.4%)
住房租购情况	购买住房(14.2%)；其他住房情况 (85.8%)
生活满意度评价	非常不满意到非常满意分为五个等级(69.421)
生活开心度评价	非常不开心到非常开心分为五个等级(68.735)

变量	外地人-满意度（模型I）		外地人-开心度（模型II）		本地人-满意度（模型III）		本地人-开心度（模型IV）
变量	β	S.E.	β	S.E.	β	S.E.	β	S.E.
变动类型（参照组：无变动）
搬家	0.058	0.045	0.125^***	0.045	0.033	0.035	0.008	0.036
换工作	-0.205^***	0.066	-0.076	0.066	-0.182^***	0.042	-0.121^***	0.043
双变动	-0.183^***	0.046	-0.052	0.047	-0.302^***	0.055	-0.124^**	0.057
年龄	-0.062^**	0.026	-0.020	0.027	-0.059^***	0.015	-0.042^***	0.016
女性（参照组：男性）	0.002	0.036	0.001	0.036	-0.040^*	0.023	0.006	0.024
高学历（参照组：低学历）	0.014	0.037	-0.025	0.038	0.051^*	0.028	0.033	0.029
婚姻（参照组：已婚）
未婚	-0.043	0.047	0.001	0.047	0.008	0.033	0.025	0.034
离异	-0.319^*	0.165	-0.282^*	0.167	-0.101	0.083	-0.172^**	0.086
收入	0.093^***	0.024	0.080^***	0.024	0.129^***	0.018	0.123^***	0.018
家庭人口数	0.021	0.014	-0.002	0.014	0.009	0.013	0.022^*	0.013
就业状态（参照组：全职）
兼职	-0.173^**	0.083	-0.199^**	0.083	-0.050	0.055	0.019	0.056
家庭主妇	0.001	0.127	0.230^*	0.128	-0.044	0.091	0.068	0.094
已退休	0.258	0.176	0.288	0.177	0.185^***	0.053	0.312^***	0.055
其他就业状态	-0.031	0.113	0.111	0.114	0.107^*	0.061	0.084	0.063
购房（参照组：未购房）	0.099^*	0.054	0.109^**	0.055	0.124^***	0.027	0.091^***	0.028
常量	3.457^***	0.108	3.329^***	0.109	3.498^***	0.078	3.283^***	0.081
样本数	1775		1775		3338		3338

变量	外地人-满意度（模型I）		外地人-开心度（模型II）		本地人-满意度（模型III）		本地人-开心度（模型IV）
变量	β	S.E.	β	S.E.	β	S.E.	β	S.E.
变动类型（参照组：无变动）
搬家	0.058	0.045	0.125^***	0.045	0.033	0.035	0.008	0.036
换工作	-0.205^***	0.066	-0.076	0.066	-0.182^***	0.042	-0.121^***	0.043
双变动	-0.183^***	0.046	-0.052	0.047	-0.302^***	0.055	-0.124^**	0.057
年龄	-0.062^**	0.026	-0.020	0.027	-0.059^***	0.015	-0.042^***	0.016
女性（参照组：男性）	0.002	0.036	0.001	0.036	-0.040^*	0.023	0.006	0.024
高学历（参照组：低学历）	0.014	0.037	-0.025	0.038	0.051^*	0.028	0.033	0.029
婚姻（参照组：已婚）
未婚	-0.043	0.047	0.001	0.047	0.008	0.033	0.025	0.034
离异	-0.319^*	0.165	-0.282^*	0.167	-0.101	0.083	-0.172^**	0.086
收入	0.093^***	0.024	0.080^***	0.024	0.129^***	0.018	0.123^***	0.018
家庭人口数	0.021	0.014	-0.002	0.014	0.009	0.013	0.022^*	0.013
就业状态（参照组：全职）
兼职	-0.173^**	0.083	-0.199^**	0.083	-0.050	0.055	0.019	0.056
家庭主妇	0.001	0.127	0.230^*	0.128	-0.044	0.091	0.068	0.094
已退休	0.258	0.176	0.288	0.177	0.185^***	0.053	0.312^***	0.055
其他就业状态	-0.031	0.113	0.111	0.114	0.107^*	0.061	0.084	0.063
购房（参照组：未购房）	0.099^*	0.054	0.109^**	0.055	0.124^***	0.027	0.091^***	0.028
常量	3.457^***	0.108	3.329^***	0.109	3.498^***	0.078	3.283^***	0.081
样本数	1775		1775		3338		3338

[1]	Shuyue XIE, Honggang XU. Home of myself: Distancing in remaking home of senior tourism migrants [J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(3): 169-180.
[2]	Zhiwei LUO, Yinbin LIN, Min WANG. Research on the path of city branding of immigrants from the perspective of resident's emotion: A case of Guangzhou's African community [J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(6): 1215-1226.
[3]	Hui LI, Qilong REN, Chunmei ZHANG. Study on the spatial-temporal evolution and driving factors of urban logistics links in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region [J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(5): 1046-1056.
[4]	Guoyu CHENG, Haokun DENG, Longlong ZHANG, Yingchun FU, Jianliang LI. Green space perception and community governance in urban renewal [J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(3): 572-581.
[5]	Lu YU, Ge YAN. Economic driving effect of Beijing-Shanghai HSR station on surrounding areas ——Evidence from DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS satellite light data [J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(2): 305-316.
[6]	Lei KANG, Wenzhong ZHANG, Yunxiao DANG, Zhaoping YANG, Caicai LIU. Research on influencing factors of residents' perception of social equity in low-income communities in Beijing: Based on spatial equity perspective [J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(1): 201-213.
[7]	Guimei LIU, Maojun WANG. Spatial agglomeration model of Japanese enterprises in Beijing based on enterprise point data [J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(5): 925-936.
[8]	Ting YUAN, Weidong¹ CAO, Mingxing CHEN, Wei QI. Research on the spatial pattern of population agglomeration and dispersion in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from a multidimensional perspective [J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(3): 520-532.
[9]	Yangyang XIE, Li CHEN, Aihua ZHOU, Jingxue XU. Accessibility analysis of children's service facilities at community scale in Beijing [J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(3): 546-555.
[10]	Chudan GU, Fenglong WANG, Feng LUO. Difference in and determinants of subjective well-being for Chinese urban and rural residents [J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(1): 179-191.
[11]	Yanguo CONG, Hunt Dexter, Duo HUANG, Lihua WEI. Acculturation and subject well-being of Chinese sojourners in Birmingham, UK [J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(5): 929-938.
[12]	Lijia LUO, Chunshan ZHOU, Peizhao WU. A SEM-based study on migrants’ assimilation and life satisfaction expectation in Pearl River Delta [J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(3): 608-620.
[13]	Yuanyuan HAN, Hejie PI, Zenan SHI, Ruyun LV, Jianyu LIAO. Study on measurement and influencing factors of industrial CO₂ emission in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region [J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(1): 140-147.
[14]	Xiaofan WU, Guang LIN. From urban to suburban: American suburbanization driven by the federal government after World War II [J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(1): 77-85.
[15]	Fang FANG. Research of spatial and temporal pattern of agricultural production efficiency and its convergence in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region [J]. World Regional Studies, 2019, 28(5): 130-140.