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15 February 2024, Volume 33 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Dynamic evolution characteristics and influencing factors of global new energy vehicle trade network Wei QI, Qihao LI 2024, 33(2): 1-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20220415 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1127KB) ( )   The internationalization of China's new energy vehicles is related to the sustainable development of the automobile industry, so it is necessary to grasp the international trade structure of new energy vehicles. Based on the social network analysis method, the global new energy vehicle trade data from 2017 to 2020 were selected as samples to study the structural characteristics of the trade network and analyze the influencing factors of trade network with the Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) method. The study shows that: (1)The global new energy vehicle trade network has low density and reciprocity & high correlation; (2)There is a high overlap of countries with high centrality, high core degree and active both internal and external trade in the network,and three core regions - Europe, North America and East Asia based on the United States, Germany, Belgium, Japan and South Korea - have been formed with significant regional synergies; (3) Economic differences contribute to the establishment of trade relations but play a weakening role, industry chain complementarity contributes to trade intensity, harmonization of policies and consensus building have a more significant effect on trade than tariff preferences, and geographical distance hinders trade establishment and plays a stable role. The COVID-19 has accelerated the above trends and significantly increased the impact of the factor of land proximity. Therefore, the Chinese government should strengthen regional cooperation, increase infrastructure investment, and apply policies flexibly to avoid over-reliance on subsidies. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the spatial pattern and motivation of BRICS countries' investment to developed countries Zaiqi CHEN, Xiaomei ZHU, Jinbao QIAN 2024, 33(2): 15-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20220050 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1138KB) ( )   It is generally believed that the reverse investment of developing countries to developed countries is to obtain markets, natural resources and strategic assets, especially the search for strategic assets. There is no motivation to seek efficiency. This paper verifies the conclusion and has different findings. Based on the 2010-2017 BRICS' s foreign investment data, the research found that the BRICS have market seeking motives, natural resource seeking motives and efficiency seeking motives for direct investment in developed countries, but no strategic assets seeking motives. From the perspective of time dimension, the market seeking motives tend to increase, while the other three types of investment motives tend to weaken over time, but they have not passed the statistical test. From the perspective of country, China, Russia, and South Africa have natural resource motives for direct investment in developed countries; China and India have strategic assets seeking motives for investment in developed countries; China, India, and South Africa have efficiency seeking motives and prefer developed countries with lower labor costs. Mechanism analysis shows that the root cause of the difference in investment motivation lies in the different strategic intentions of countries. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of research on international water resources conflict and resolution Yifei ZHANG, Ziyang JIN, Binqin SHAN, Yiwei WANG, Jiajun MA 2024, 33(2): 27-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20222125 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (667KB) ( )   Water resources conflict is a key scientific issue related to regional security and global sustainable development. With the intensification of global climate change, changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources have led to more complex and uncertain water conflicts. Based on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of 1240 water conflicts in the world in the past hundred years, and based on the theories of resource science, economics, international politics, etc., this paper reveals that water conflicts in various regions have their natural ecological, social economic, historical and cultural, and international political roots, and then analyzes the causes of water conflicts from three perspectives: scarcity of resources, internationalization of river basins, asymmetry of water power among countries, and lack and failure of water cooperation mechanisms. Finally, from the perspective of international relations and negotiations, the current solution mechanism is explored, and based on the natural, economic and historical characteristics and development demands of each region, the coordination mechanism and solution suitable for cross-border water resource conflicts are explored through measures such as enhancing regional interest sharing, carrying out comprehensive watershed planning, and strengthening the implementation of international treaties. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the spatio-temporal evolution and behavioral interactions of the violence conflict in Afghanistan during the Post-Cold War Period Xiuhong CHEN, Zhiding HU, Qianyuan YE, Fuchang NIU 2024, 33(2): 40-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20230370 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2334KB) ( )   Since most of the deaths and instability in today's world are caused by violent conflict events, and the combination of conflict space as territorial and network embeddedness remains at the conceptual level, it is of urgent practical and theoretical significance to reveal its spatio-temporal evolution and explore the interactive characteristics of conflict actors. In view of this, based on the conceptualization of conflict space, we built an "event-network" analysis framework, and comprehensively used kernel density estimation, trend surface and social network analysis methods to systematically analyze the "location-direction-form-relationship (network)" of violent conflicts in Afghanistan in different periods since the Post-Cold War. The study shows that: (1) Conflict is a complex system formed by the mismatch of human-territorial relations. The phased characteristics of the conflict in Afghanistan are closely related to the rise and fall of its geostrategic position and networks of actors, the obvious characteristics of "fighting season", and the predominance of low-intensity conflict. (2) The spatial pattern of conflict is coerced and restricted by topography and its direction. The Hindu Kush Mountains influence the conflict in Afghanistan, and the trend of the surface area is northeast-southwest, with the "point-line-area" feature gradually strengthening. The conflict space has an "O" shaped distribution pattern. (3) The power game and conflict are closely related to the characterization of "un-netting" and "netting" of actors. In Afghanistan, domestic actors tend to "un-net", with the Afghan government-Taliban constituting the core "relationship pair" in the internal conflict. The network of extraterritorial participants is "low", and there is no sign of community network interaction. The study captures how conflict space combines social networks and geographic contexts in order to understand the ways in which countries are internally involved in ongoing conflicts, revealing the spatial sociality of conflict generation, and is expected to deepen the understanding of the spatial mechanisms of in Afghanistan's "imperial graveyard". Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The trend of land resources carrying capacity in Afghanistan from 1961 to 2019: Based on the dietary nutrient equivalent Sihan ZHA, Weizhe MA, Sijia WANG, Dan ZHANG, Qiyuan HU, Xiang GAO, Fei LUN, Lu HE 2024, 33(2): 53-63.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20220315 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1124KB) ( )   In order to protect region security around China and promote "the Belt and Road" initiative, it is of high importance to fully understand food security and land resources carrying capacity (LCC) in Afghanistan. From the perspective of dietary nutrition demand, we studied the LCC change in Afghanistan in recent 60 years, with our established evaluation models. We also discussed the optimization path in future, considering different production and consumption scenarios. We concluded that local land resources have been unable to meet the total demands for food in Afghanistan, due to larger population and higher dietary nutrition demands; thus, local land carrying pressure has changed from the basic balance stage (1961-1978) and the tightening stage (1979-1998) to the prominent stage of human land contradiction (1999-2019). Considering three dietary nutrient equivalents of calories, protein and fat, all their land carrying capacity is overloaded in Afghanistan, with the greatest pressure from fat demands. In order to meet local food consumption growth and land sustainable development, local authorities should implement the "drug to food" policy and also improve land productivity, while suitable food dietary is also important for health and land management. Besides, we also discussed main drivers on LCC in Afghanistan, which aim to further alleviate local food security and better human-land relationship. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The vicissitude of Indian migration return policy and its driving factors Haiwen LIN, Hongsong LIU, Jinnan LOU 2024, 33(2): 64-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20222123 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (807KB) ( )   By comparing the passive non-interventionist 'intellectual elites introduction' policy in the post-independence period of 1947 with the positive enlisting 'group introduction' policy in the post-1998 period, the policy of return to India has changed considerably in terms of policy targets, policy instruments and policy attitudes. The policy has changed considerably. India's return migration policy has undergone significant changes in terms of targets, instruments, and attitudes toward overseas Indians. India's return migration policy has extended its coverage from intellectual elite to general groups, shifted from a single economic instrument to a more flexible and diverse policy innovation, and shifted its policy attitude from negative 'absorption' to positive 'enlisting'. India has developed its return migration policies in the national interest. The influences driving these policy changes are mainly attributed to improvements in the domestic economic and social environment, changes in the philosophy of India's leaders, and conflicts and compromises in the partisan game. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of China's new energy vehicle industry collaborative innovation network Qi SUO, Changsheng LI, Liyuan WANG 2024, 33(2): 79-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.2021816 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2007KB) ( )   Basing on the patent data of the new energy vehicle industry from 2000 to 2018, this paper divided the stages of innovation development of the new energy vehicle industry and constructed a collaborative innovation network from the perspective of the industrial chain, and analyzed the spatial structure from the perspective of the city to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the collaborative innovation of the new energy vehicle industry. The results show that: (1) The scale and intensity of collaborative innovation of the new energy vehicle industry have increased significantly from the initial stage, to the formation stage, then to the growth stage, but it always occupies a low proportion in the overall innovation, innovation vitality has not been fully released, and there is still a large space for industrial innovation development. (2) The collaborative innovation of industrial chain is unbalanced, and the innovation in the midstream accounts for the majority of the overall innovation. The focus of collaborative innovation is transitive from the upper and middle streams to the middle and lower streams, and the innovation subjects present an overall pattern dominated by enterprises, supplemented by universities and research institutes. (3) Urban collaborative innovation is characterized by scale expansion, association complexity, regional integration and the innovation pattern presents multi-point dispersion and local agglomeration. The innovation transfer and evolution path of new energy vehicle industry has taken shape. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution and reconstruction of "industrial island" Taobao village Pengfei QI, Jianghui DING, Xu CHAI 2024, 33(2): 93-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.2021846 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1046KB) ( )   E-commerce has become an important driving force for rural development and transformation. The formation and evolution of Taobao village and its social role have attracted more and more attention. Taking Gaojiazhuang Village in Baoding City as a case, this paper analyzes the evolution process and business model of "industrial island" Taobao village, and expounds the multi-dimensional reconstruction effect of e-commerce on village space.The results show that: (1) the transformation of Gaojiazhuang Village from traditional agricultural planting village to professional Taobao village has experienced four periods: the period of original planting + selling waste metals, "Running for elevator" industry transition period, the explosive formation period of Taobao village, and the period of steady development of Taobao village;(2)There are mainly four typical employment and business models in Taobao village: the "family online store model" with large quantity and wide distribution, the "enterprise business model" with small quantity and large scale, the "pure trade online store model" operated by individuals, and the "industry worker model" only engaged in disassembly work;(3)E-commerce promotes the penetration and integration of production and residence space in the spatial dimension, and changes the use mode of idle homestead and blank land in the village; In the economic dimension, it has promoted the "isolated island" industrial upgrading and development, accelerated the non-agricultural employment and Entrepreneurship of rural residents, and promoted the derivative development of other related industries in the region; In the social dimension, it has improved the rural relations, consolidated and extended the virtual communication space and actual communication space of employees;(4) Gaojiazhuang Village has realized the development of e-commerce from scratch, and Taobao village has taken shape rapidly. However, due to the limitations of the industrial foundation, Taobao village has a good business status at the village and town scale, but the spatial diffusion at the county scale is not obvious, and the role of rural reconstruction is small. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatiotemporal differentiation of China's prefectural digital divide and its influencing factors Jieran DUAN, Lijun ZHANG, Yaochen QIN, Huixin ZHANG, Mengnan TIAN, Jingfan WANG 2024, 33(2): 108-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.2021957 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1577KB) ( )   The imbalance in the acquisition and use of information and communication technologies(ICTs) in cities has become a key problem restricting the construction of Digital China.Therefore, analyzing the differences and influencing factors of urban informatization level has become an important content of narrowing the digital divide. Using the information and communication technology development index(IDI) defined by the International Telecommunication Union, this paper uses the location entropy method to measure the difference degree of informatization level of 275 cities in China since 2005, and then uses the spatial analysis and econometric methods to analyze their spatio-temporal differentiation pattern and influencing factors. It is found that:1)China's ICT Development Index Location Quotient(IDILQ)is still at a low level. Although the digital divide between regions tends to converge, there are still great differences among the east, middle and west regions. 2)From the perspective of temporal and spatial pattern, the IDILQ "H-H" agglomeration area has always been located in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta along the eastern coast, and the "L-L" agglomeration area has transferred from the western region to the central region. 3)Cities with high IDILQ have a "polarization effect" on surrounding cities. However, the higher the proportion of young population, the higher the level of urbanization and the larger the proportion of employees in the information technology industry, the more conducive it is to improve the IDILQ and narrow the digital divide. In the transformation of digital revolution, we should guard against the adverse impact of informationization on the construction of shrinking cities and aging cities. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The spatial pattern and influencing factors of the pension industry in Yangtze River Delta Wen LI, Desheng LI, Hao HU, Senlin HU 2024, 33(2): 123-135.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20220163 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1669KB) ( )   Great opportunities have been brought by population aging for the development of pension industry, this paper explores the spatio-temporal differences and influencing factors of pension industry in the Yangtze River Delta by using the data of retirement enterprises in 2014 and 2019. The research shows that: 1) The entire development of the pension industry in the Yangtze River Delta is rapid, and a multi-core spatial pattern centered on "Hefei, Nanjing, Huaian, and Lishui" has gradually formed. The performance of the four sectors varies, showing the development characteristics of "senior products sector > senior care sector > emerging sector > senior finance sector", the senior care sector developed the most evenly and the emerging sector developed the most polarized in space. 2) The development of pension industry in the Yangtze River Delta is influenced by a combination of factors such as the number of the elder, medical condition and financial expenditure, and the differences between the influencing factors in 2014 and 2019 are obvious: the impact of medical condition and accessibility on pension industry remarkably strengthened, while economic strength was weakened. 3) The influencing factors are distinct in different sectors, the number of the elder and economy strength have a positive contribution to the development of the elder care sector and the erlder finance sector, medical condition and accessibility are the main influencing factors for the elder products sector and the emerging sector respectively. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on accessibility of urban open space at home and abroad: Thematic context and frontier trends Erbin XU, Qingwei ZHU, Jifei ZHANG 2024, 33(2): 136-150.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.2021908 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1846KB) ( )   The accessibility of public open space is an important indicator to measure the level of urban recreational public services and the quality of public life. In the first place, this study used CNKI and Web of Science core databases to extract Chinese and English literature on accessibility of urban open space. Then, statistical analysis was conducted on the year of publication, names of journals, and nationalities of authors. Next, with the help of VOSviewer and CiteSpace bibliometric analysis software, this study made a visual analysis on the core author group, key documents, keyword clustering as well as burst keywords. Again, we summarized the knowledge domains of the academic field at home and abroad. Finally, the study initially proposed several directions of this academic field for future research. The research findings can be summarized as following: (1) The number of literatures on the accessibility of urban open space research has been increasing yearly. Chinese scholars are far ahead in the number of papers, however, the impact of which need to be improved. There are a certain number of author cooperative groups both at home and abroad, nevertheless stable core author groups have not yet emerged, as well as the cooperative links among groups are not sufficient. (2) There are some similarities between domestic and foreign research hotspots, mainly reflected in the impact of open space on public health and the research on the ecosystem service function of green open space. (3) Recent domestic research focuses on the accessibility of emergency shelters and park green space, while recent foreign research concentrates on the impact of park accessibility on house price valuation and the value of open space. In the future, paying more attention to the following propositions is expected to contribute new knowledge to the research of urban open space: the accessibility of different types of urban open spaces, the fairness of urban open space, user preference and resident behavior of different social groups, as well as the accessibility of urban emergency shelters. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of China's rural tourism destinations Manguo GENG, Wei ZHANG, Xianglong TANG, Xueyi WANG 2024, 33(2): 151-163.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20220431 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2058KB) ( )   This paper takes the rural tourism destinations announced by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China as samples, and uses the methods of nearest neighbor index, kernel density and geographic detector to explore the spatial distribution law and influencing factors of rural tourism destinations in China. The results show that: (1) China's rural tourism destinations exhibit the agglomeration characteristics of "more in the east and less in the west, more in the south and less in the north", and the difference between the east and the west is more significant than that between the north and the south. The agglomeration increased gradually. Except for Xinjiang and Qinghai, the nearest neighbor index values of other provinces and cities were 0.7 to 1.2, which tended to be evenly distributed. (2) China's rural tourism destinations form a spatial distribution pattern of "two poles-two axes-multiple cores". Of the five types of rural tourism destinations, the leisure and sightseeing type has the highest proportion (33.06%); and the type of cultural and folk customs has the lowest proportion (8.28%). The driving factors for the spatial differentiation of the five types of rural tourism destinations are quite different, which is closely related to the resource endowment and location characteristics of the villages. (3) The spatial differentiation of rural tourism destinations is the result of the combined effect of factors such as the natural environment of the village, the level of social development, the potential of cultural resources, the level of regional facilities, the level of tourism investment, and the scale of the tourism market. The level of social development and the scale of the tourism market are the dominant factors, with explanatory power of 0.64, 0.62; factors such as altitude, hydrological conditions and traffic location have a significant negative correlation with the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of entrepreneurship in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Min ZHAO, Jiangbin YIN, Xiaoyan HUANG, Wulin WANG 2024, 33(2): 164-175.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20220162 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1215KB) ( )   Under the strategic background of new urbanization and "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", it is of great significance to analyze the internal laws of entrepreneurship at the city level for scientifically constructing an entrepreneurial support system and promoting the highquality urban development. Based on the theory of entrepreneurial ecosystem, this paper proposes an analytical framework of entrepreneurship, and empirically explores the impact of en‐trepreneurial ecosystem on entrepreneurship in the cities of Yangtze River Economic Belt, an important strategic region, by using urban panel data and Spatial Panel Dubin Model. The results show that: 1) The spatial distribution and spatial growth trend of entrepreneurship in the cities of Yangtze River Economic Belt show obvious spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics, and the overall trend of entrepreneurship concentration continues to increase. 2) The entrepreneurial ecosystem of the city has a differentiated impact on entrepreneurship in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The influence of market environment, government size, innovation support, physical infrastructure is confirmed, but the impact of financial capital and human capital is not significant. 3) The spatial spillover effect of entrepreneurial ecosystem in neighboring cities can not be ignored. The influence of market environment, government size and physical infrastruc ture is dominated by negative effects, while innovation capability is dominated by positive effects. 4) The study further proposes countermeasures and suggestions for improving the entrepreneurial support system from the aspects of the adjustment of the regional spatial structure of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the construction of urban entrepreneurial ecosystem. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Emotional governance and the integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A case study of the Entrepreneurship Base for Hong Kong and Macao Youths in Guangzhou Yunfei ZHANG, Zhiqing LU, Yuqing HAN, Yuehua HUANG, Min WANG 2024, 33(2): 176-188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.20220005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (914KB) ( )   Constructing the Entrepreneurship Base for Hong Kong and Macao Youths is an important measure to support Hong Kong and Macao's integration into the overall development of the country and to promote the social integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA). Taking the Entrepreneurship Base for Hong Kong and Macao Youths as research objects, this study employed semi-structured interviews, field trips and online content analysis and based on the theory of emotional geography to explore the construction process of emotional space in the Entrepreneurship Base for Hong Kong and Macao Youths, and the mechanism of its influence on the governance of GBA. The study found that different actors encountered in the development process of the Entrepreneurship Base for Hong Kong and Macao Youths. Through the design of the material landscape of the hub and the interaction between the different actors, the hub was constructed as a positive emotional space. Then, entrepreneurs' daily life mobility and practices on the mainland enabled them to overcome the spatial constraints of the hubs, permitted them to integrate into the broad urban society. Entrepreneurs' identity of city-as-home and their sense of belonging to the Mainland China were gradually fostered through re-mapping of the emotional boundary of their living place. The positive emotional experience of Hong Kong and Macao entrepreneurs on the mainland, on the one hand, enhanced their enthusiasm for social participation, and on the other hand, it was passed on to Hong Kong and Macao through their social practices in local areas, and encouraged more local residents to integrate into the development of the GBA, which played a significant role in its social integration in an informal way with the power of emotion. However, entrepreneurs' emotions towards Mainland China were conflict, and the relationship between their sense of belonging to Mainland China and their social participation was also complicated. Entrepreneurs from Hong Kong and Macao had not completely integrated into the GBA psychologically. Government also lacked the top-level design to strengthen the radiating effect of Hong Kong and Macao entrepreneurs on Mainland China in promoting youth entrepreneurship of Hong Kong and Macao in the GBA. The contribution of this research is reflected in two aspects: This study has enriched the research perspective and research scale of related research in China; and, it provides an effective path for the practice of emotional governance of the GBA. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics